Technology Transfer Transactions Research Articles

Economic effects of defense industry projects

Subject. This paper discusses the assessment of economic effects of project implementation in the defense industry. Objectives. We investigate economic effects in the defense industry from the bottom, i.e. we calculate methods for analyzing specific project in specific conditions. Methods. The study rests on the rules for licensed trade, tax and accounting practices. Results. We offer tables to assess the effect of job creation, license and tax payments in international transactions. Conclusions. The economic effect of defense projects is very ambiguous, as it depends on the country, the existence of the national defense industry, and indicators in question. Given the high interest to defense technologies in the military technology recipient country, it is possible to remove technology transfer transactions from the general regulation, and create special conditions for projects implementation.

The Impact of Domestic Technology Transfer on Innovation Capacity of High-tech Industry: An Analysis Based on the Technology Transaction in China

In order to investigate whether and how domestic technology transfer affects the innovation capacity of provincial high-tech industries in China, we measure innovation efficiency and estimated the influencing effects with stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). A two-period knowledge production function is identified, and the innovation efficiency is broken down into development efficiency and transformation efficiency. The empirical result shows that technology development transaction and technology service transaction have a significant positive relationship with development efficiency and transformation efficiency respectively. Technology consultation transaction is negative related to development efficiency and technology transfer transaction have no significant influence on transformation efficiency. The innovation points include: an analytical model of the impact of domestic technology transfer on the two-period capacity of innovation is constructed; we break through the limitations of extant researches that pay too much attention on foreign technology transfer but neglect the domestic way; and we explore the effects of different transfer forms on innovation capacity during different periods of innovation process. The research results are of great value to activate the domestic knowledge stock and would help to promote the domestic technology transaction between areas. It is also important reference to policy-making for developing country which focus on promoting high-tech industry’s innovation capacity by technology transfer.

External Knowledge and Technology Transfer, Transfer, Partnership and Diffusion of Innovation

Technology transfer means technology transfer towards the application of knowledge. For developing countries, international knowledge and technology transfer is a key channel for economic growth, a key advantage for outbound countries. Technology transfer is divided into commercial and non-commercial. Financial gain is the main purpose of commercial technology transfer. The objects of commercial technology transfer are: industrial property (patents for inventions, patent licenses, know-how, trademarks, industrial designs, design certificates and utility models), except for trademarks, service marks and commercial names, unless they form a significant part of technology transfer transactions; know-how and technical experience in the form of feasibility studies, models, designs, instructions, drawings, specifications, technological equipment and the university. The objects of non-commercial technology transfer are: scientific-technical and educational literature, reference books, reviews, standards, patent descriptions, catalogues, brochures, etc. international conferences, seminars, round tables, expert councils, working groups, congresses, meetings, symposiums, exhibitions, venture fairs, contests, shows; training and internship of scientists and specialists on a gratuitous basis or on special conditions of parity reimbursement of expenses by the parties. Necessary and sufficient conditions. As the current international practice has shown, even having spent considerable funds on R&D, the country is not immune from failure in innovative development. For example, the United Kingdom has had some recognized success in creating innovative technologies. For example, an EMI CT scanner.

A Technology Transfer Transaction Cost Framework for Research Universities—A Transferor Perspective

A Technology Transfer Transaction Cost Framework for Research Universities—A Transferor Perspective

Mecanismos jurídicos e econômicos para a transferência de tecnologia: um estudo de caso

Resumo O trabalho analisa mecanismos para a eficiência dos negócios empresariais de transferência de tecnologia. Utiliza a ferramenta da análise econômica do direito em razão de sua adequação para estudos relacionados às modalidades negociais que se protraem no tempo, nos quais a confiança entre as partes torna-se fundamental para a manutenção das relações. O método de procedimento utilizado neste ensaio foi o monográfico, a técnica de pesquisa foi a bibliográfica e o estudo de caso, de transferência de tecnologia em biogás. Como resultados, vislumbrou-se que a cooperação é um instrumento para que os negócios empresariais e os contratos empresariais de transferência de tecnologia sejam mais efetivos, na medida em que pode diminuir a probabilidade de demandas judiciais referentes a estes contratos, bem como é instrumento de estabilização, promovendo a manutenção dos negócios por um maior período de tempo.

Technology transfer to the People's Republic of China

In this paper, presented to the 'Licensing in Europe Conference, 23–24 June 1988, London, the author outlines the legal framework for technology transfer and licensing to the People's Republic of China (PRC). He discusses areas of particular concern to the foreign licensor, with particular reference to legislation on licensing transactions and joint ventures. The paper follows the steps that might be taken in establishing a technology–transfer transaction, from pre–negotiation considerations to the questions of the applicable legal framework, the legal requirements for the contract, and the clauses typically found in such a transaction.

How Intellectual Property Rights, Licensing and Foreign Direct Investments Shape the Technology Transfer Landscape in Small Developing Countries? Case Study of the Republic of Macedonia

In the last twenty years, many developing countries have undertaken serious reforms of their intellectual property rights (IPR) systems in terms of strengthening of their protection and regulating for more efficient enforcement. This process has been stimulated by numerous multilateral, regional and bilateral agreements, such as the TRIPS (Agreement on trade related aspects of intellectual property), the NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), and a series of Partnership Agreements negotiated and concluded between the European Union and certain developing countries from Europe and the Middle East. In today’s globalized society, knowledge and information are at the core of the growth agenda, and are increasingly essential for gaining and maintaining competitive edge. It seems that the economic and political globalization have deepened the gap between the rich nations and the poor even more, contributing to the imbalanced distribution of material wealth and knowledge, where most of the intangible resources, protected by intellectual property rights (IPRs), are created and kept in developed nations. IPRs can be defined as monopoly rights given by the society for a limited period of time as a reward for creativity and innovativeness. Even though they are intended to promote scientific and social progress, in the case of small, landlocked developing countries they might act as inhibitor to knowledge and technology absorption and diffusion. It is beyond the scope of this paper to consider each of these issues in detail and their multifaceted interrelationships. Rather, this paper aims to contribute to the academic discussion on the impact of the degree of IPR protection on the intensity of technology transfer transactions through licensing and foreign direct investments (FDI) in small developing countries, by taking the example of the Republic of Macedonia.

Identification of promising patents for technology transfers using TRIZ evolution trends

Technology transfer is one of the most important mechanisms for acquiring knowledge from external sources to secure innovative and advanced technologies in high-tech industries. For successful technology transfer, identification of high-value technologies is a fundamental task. In particular, identifying future promising patents is important, because most technology transfer transactions are aimed at acquiring technologies for future uses. This paper proposes a new approach to identification of promising patents for technology transfer. We adopted TRIZ evolution trends as criteria to evaluate technologies in patents, and Subject–Action–Object (SAO)-based text-mining technique to deal with big patent data and analyze them automatically. The applicability of the proposed method was verified by applying it to technologies related to floating wind turbines.

Extending internalization theory: a new perspective on international technology transfer and its generalization

Internalization theory suggests that multinational enterprises set up subsidiaries to exploit technology advantages abroad when licensing is too difficult to arrange with indigenous firms. This direct investment vs licensing trade-off, which is built on a business-to-business transaction, does not recognize the linkages with the final products market as a component of transaction cost analysis. By adopting a unilateral perspective on international technology transfer, neither does it consider the possible role of complementary assets (e.g., manufacturing capabilities) held by potential business partners in foreign countries. After taking into account the presence of such assets in indigenous firms, this article extends internalization theory by positioning the technology transfer transaction in the broader context of the entire value chain, including especially the manufacturing/marketing linkages with the final products market. More specifically, it demonstrates that conventional internalization theory neglects various alternative market governance mechanisms not captured by a licensing agreement. The analysis shows that the choice of an optimal governance structure is determined by the complementarity of strategic assets controlled by the economic actors involved, and by the linkages among the technology–manufacture interaction in two intermediate input markets, and the subsequent sales function in the final products market.

Le transfert de technologie en Chine

This article focuses on the legal framework governing technology transfers to China between a foreign supplying party and its Chinese recipient. We shall examine firstly the two main forrns of technology transfer transactions : technology transfer contracts per se and contribution of technology to foreign investment entreprises (FIE) as part oftheir registered capital. Secondly, the granting of incentives, above ail tax concessions, by Chinese authorities, to encourage transfers of advanced technology. Thirdly, China's recent efforts to provide statutory protection to patents, trademarks and computer software.

A taxonomy of technology transfer transaction types

This paper suggests a taxonomy of the various types of technology-transfer transactions. The characteristics used for classification include time factor, number of parties, payment requirements, and modalities. The taxonomy may be used by educators in disciplines involving technology transfer and by corporate and institutional managers and practitioners in the field. Actual cases of transactions are used to test the descriptive and discriminating abilities of the proposed taxanomy, as well as its parsimony.

Law and Policy on the Registration of Technology Transfer Transactions in Nigeria

Law and Policy on the Registration of Technology Transfer Transactions in Nigeria