Technology Transfer Agreements Research Articles

Is the impact of environmental regulations on the global value chains biased towards technological effects or refuge effects?

As an important factor endowment, environmental rules have a non-negligible impact on trade flows and patterns. Regarding the existing two completely different debates, this study uses simultaneous equations and the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) to assess the interaction and spatial spillover effects of environmental rules and global value chains (GVCs), the aim is to determine whether the impact of environmental rules on GVCs is biased towards “technological effects” or “Refuge effect”. The research findings reveal: (1) When the environmental rules are strengthened by 1 %, the forward participation of GVCs in developed countries decreases by 0.2930 % and the backward participation of GVCs increases by 1.4327 %. This reveals that stricter environmental rules result in GVCs participation bias towards the “refuge effect” in developed countries. (2) When environmental rules are strengthened by 5 % and 1 %, respectively, the GVC forward and backward participation of developing countries decreases by 0.0477 % and 0.5113 %, respectively, which means that when the environmental rules become stricter, both the forward and backward participation of GVCs in developing countries are biased towards the “refuge effect”. (3) Concerning the spillover effects of environmental regulations on participation in GVCs, stricter environmental regulations in developed countries impede their own forward participation in GVCs but promote their backward participation, with insignificant indirect effects. Additionally, stringent environmental regulations in developing countries impede their own forward participation in GVCs and similarly do not contribute to the enhancement of forward participation in neighboring developing countries. Therefore, this study suggests that developed countries can transfer green technology to developing countries through technology transfer agreements to promote mutual development. Moreover, developing countries actively adjust their industrial structure, increase investment in technology R&D, and cooperate with other countries and regions, which will help countries learn from best practices and coordinate their responses to common environmental challenges.

Development and application of the Rapha® device for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.

Transforming medical research into real-world healthcare solutions is a complex endeavor that may benefit from the synergy between academic research, governmental support, and industry innovation. In this article we delve into the framework of Translational Medical Research (TMR) in Brazil, elucidating the possible interplay between public universities and other pivotal stakeholders in the translational journey. Our focal point is the Rapha® device, an innovative medical technology, as we explore its ethical and regulatory journey. We seek to understand the environment that shapes healthcare technology development through a mixed-methods research design, combining policy analysis with stakeholder interviews. The research begins by examining public policies, aiming to carve out a socially inclusive and advantageous ecosystem. We then highlight the pivotal components-steps, milestones, stakeholders, and policies that underpin the TMR process. Our findings reveal that while TMR frequently culminates in patents and technology transfer agreements, specific regulatory and production challenges exist, particularly during transitioning from the T3 (clinical trials) to T4 (public health practice) phase. We provide insights into its translational progression by tracing the developmental stages from foundational research (T0) to clinical trials (T3) for the Rapha® device. Ultimately, this study underscores TMR's vital role in advancing healthcare access and posits that academic institutions can significantly influence the creation of ethically robust, regulated, and impactful medical innovations, contributing meaningfully to global healthcare.

Strategic Tasks of State Support for the Post-War Development of the National Economy

The article highlights the main issues of government support for the post-war development of priority sectors of the national economy that are of strategic importance for sustainable economic development and national defense capabilities; and substantiates the corresponding instruments of fiscal support using the example of titanium industry. In the study, the strategic tasks of government support for the post-war development of national economy are considered from the standpoint of a comprehensive solution to the problems of forming an innovative foundation for economic renewal, ensuring the technological change, creation of a complete cycle of deep titanium processing and titanium production in Ukraine which will meet the needs of domestic demand and the entry of domestic producers into world markets. Ensuring changes in educational sphere in accordance with the real economy’s demand for technical specialists and professionals is seen as a part of a comprehensive industrial policy approach, and fiscal instruments for this purpose are proposed.
 The need to expand the list of instruments of government support for the development of strategic industries is substantiated. The list should include both measures of tax support for investment projects with significant investments provided for by current legislation, as well as grants, innovative transfers from the government budget, measures to support the export of innovative titanium products, and innovative corporate income tax benefit to stimulate innovations, training tax allowance to support business investment in human capital. Proposals to extend the instruments for financing priority sectors of Ukraine’s economic revival do not contradict the norms of EU legislation in the field of government aid.
 Possible measures for ordering the regulatory framework of the proposed in the article direct budgetary and indirect government support instruments for the innovative development of strategic sectors of the economy are outlined. In particular, changes to the Tax Code of Ukraine on the introduction of innovation and training allowances for corporate income tax, changes in the minimum useful life of innovative equipment, and tax credit recognition of VAT amounts in the acquisition prices of technology property rights and in the import of technology under a technology transfer agreement, as well as to the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of January 24, 2020 No. 28 “On the provision of financial government support” in terms of increasing the volume of loans and reducing the cost of their servicing for business entities in the titanium industry.

Systematization of Ukrainian Legislation in the Sphere of Intellectual Property

The article contains proposals for the systematization of Ukrainian legislation in the field of intellectual property law, in particular the provisions of agreements and other transactions regarding the results of intellectual and creative activity. The author argues for the separation of intellectual property law into a separate complex branch of law, due to the specificity of its legal nature. It is proposed to regulate legal relations in this area in the general basic law on intellectual property law and two special laws: on copyright and related rights and on industrial property law. This will contribute to a holistic perceptionof intellectual property law and an understanding of its specifics, which will allow for proper protection of the results of intellectual, creative activity and strengthen the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the subjects. In the general law of intellectual property, it is proposed to state the main provisions, in particular, on objects of protection, legal subjects and the content of their rights, general provisions of the agreements in the field of intellectual property law, their types and characteristics, as well as provisions on the protection of intellectual property rights. It is also important to establish the provision that not all agreements in the field of intellectual property are aimed at the disposal of intellectual property rights, and to give examples of such agreements. It is also proposed to include in the new law on intellectual property, in addition to the agreements currently provided in Chapters 75–76 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, provisions on technology transferagreements. With regard to special legislation, in addition to the existing Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights», it is proposed to create a separate law on industrial property law, in which to specify which objects are objects of industrial property law, to allocate separate sections for each object of industrial property law, the specifics of agreementsin the field of industrial property, as well as the section on the protection of rights and legitimate interests.

Regulation of Technology Transfer Agreements in Developing Countries: An Opportunity to Exercise TRIPS Policy Space?

Regulation of Technology Transfer Agreements in Developing Countries: An Opportunity to Exercise TRIPS Policy Space?

University-Industry Technology Transfer and Coproduction: A Case Study

Universities can promote entrepreneurship and innovation both by training professionals and by offering knowledge resulting from their research. Traditionally, industrial development has benefited from technology transfer (TT) from universities. Although the TT is very known and used, co-ownership and economic exploitation after a TT process remain a challenge to formal University-Industry agreements. In this study we discuss the notion of university-industry coproduction as a means to address formal agreement after TT. The case study is a Brazilian national Program, called CEURS - “Training and Studies for Urban and Regional Sustainability”. The main goal of CEURS is to provide practical training to individuals and teams on sustainability matters, focused on how to fulfill the UN's SDG 2030 Agenda locally (i.e., how to empower projects that are already at the community level so that they can become city programs). To do so, CEURS project was led by an academic network, sponsored by national government agencies. The project was developed at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) by academics and students of the Graduate Program in Engineering and Knowledge Management, from the research group on Co-production in Digital Commons, in Brazil. CEURS team has developed CEURS Platform, a digital education platform, currently in the process of being publicly transferred to be augmented and operated at a national level. In this article, we analyze the institutional technology transfer agreements available to CEURS regarding the need to meet project demands for technology licensing, technology transfer, open innovation, and joint patents. We offer a critical analysis of a current regulatory process in technology transfer in an academic project that combines education, development, and social demand fulfillment. We conclude that a technology transfer licensing agreement can include principles that may fulfill CEURS project needs for nationalization through university-industry co-production. This study contributes to academics, innovation offices, policymakers, and university managers in formulating diligent and fast processes and strategies through technology transfers.

Estratégias de inovação em medicamentos e vacinas no âmbito do Ceis – modelos, mecanismos e expectativas

ABSTRACT The article aimed to present relevant and original information about the innovation strategies used by Official Pharmaceutical Laboratories (LFO) to reduce the vulnerabilities of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) and the productive and technological capacity of the Health Economic-Industrial Complex. The methods used included a literature review and the analysis of primary data from interviews conducted in two of the largest LFOs in the country. Their efforts and results in Research and Development (R&D) and incorporation of medicines and vaccine technologies were identified and analyzed, with emphasis on Productive Development Partnerships (PDP). Although R&D activities still need to advance, benefits were brought about by technology transfer agreements, especially by PDPs. However, the industrial and technological capacity of the Institutes is still limited and lacks investments, which hinders technological accumulation and diffusion. Thus, improvements are necessary so that the innovation strategies for the SUS present more effective results and can be reversed to the welfare of society.

Directions for improving the system of guarantees for participants in technology transfer

The object of this study is to determine the essence, place, and role of the guarantees of technology transfer participants in the general system of innovative support measures and the formation of proposals for their improvement. General approaches to determining the essence of guarantees to participants in technology transfer as a special means of regulation were summarized. The experience of the World Trade Organization, the European Union, the Organization for International Cooperation and Development, and other countries has been analyzed regarding the methods and techniques by which these guarantees are provided. It has been established that the existing guarantee systems are not capable of fully meeting all the needs of technology transfer subjects. Guarantees to technology transfer participants were categorized in accordance with formalized criteria. The expediency of improving existing systems of guarantees to participants in the field of technology transfer has been substantiated, and the main directions of such improvement have been formed. A generalized definition of technology as a special object of relations regarding its transfer has been formed. It is proposed to unify the definition of technology at the international and national levels. The expediency of maintaining minimum guarantees of rights for technology developers regarding the amount of remuneration for the transfer of rights to technology and other essential conditions of its transfer was substantiated. Directions for improving the essential terms of technology transfer agreements were proposed. The study is aimed at forming general theoretical foundations for improving the system of guarantees of participants in relations in the field of technology transfer. The generated research results can be used in the formation of international normative acts, acts of national legislation within the framework of regulation of these relations and serve as a basis for further scientific research on these issues

The benefit of vaccination after previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in the omicron era

The benefit of vaccination after previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in the omicron era

An exploratory analysis of Brazilian universities in the technological innovation process

The purpose of this paper is to use hierarchical clustering (HC) and principal component analysis (PCA) for determining the key institutions and variables in a multidimensional data set to visualize Triple Helix (TH) relationships between industry, academia and government. This is a huge task, essential to better understand technological innovation, an interactive process that creates knowledge in an integrated way, reducing the number of variables. For this task we analyzed the data from eight Brazilian universities between 2008 and 2015 considering median of twelve parameters so diverse as the number of research groups; researchers; teaching staff; innovation projects in collaboration; papers; patents; technology transfer agreement; money generated from technology transfer and financing. From HC it was possible to identify four main university clusters considering all variables. PCA also shown four groups on main component mapping, in agreement with HC. The financing, the existence of innovation environments and specific innovation legislation, and the regional context explain clustering. PCA suggests that much of the data variability can be summarized in three principal components, presenting industry, academia and government interrelationships, in agreement with HC. So PCA and HC could be considered as a new view of investigation to quantify the TH, statistically mapping this model.

ECONOMIC AND LEGAL WAYS OF TRANSPORT INDUSTRY MODERNIZATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE

Abstract. There is substantiated the need to modernize the transport area of Ukraine in the view of state obligations adopted during the signing of international environmental agreements. It is argued that the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and its further implementation by the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement require the signatory States to take measures to minimize the anthropogenic impact of CO2 emissions in the earth’s atmosphere. A comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the fleet of transport industries of European countries and Ukraine proves that the minimization of environmental pollution by Ukraine should be done by renewal the fleet. Based on the statistics of the quality fleet of transport industries of European countries that practice CO2 emissions and those that who does not tax harmful CO2 emissions, it is demonstrated the dependence of the age — related conditions of the fleet, where the taxation demonstrates its incentive properties to modernize transport industries and renew fleets to modern vehicles. The characterization of global trends in minimizing of harmful emissions into the atmosphere of greenhouse gases gave a reason to argue that the implementation of an environmental tax has a dual nature. On the one hand, the tax encourages owners of enterprises, institutions, organizations of transport industry to invest in environmentally friendly transport to minimize the tax burden, and on the other hand, the taxation influences on the environmental situation in the regions and on the planet as a whole. It is substantiated that regulations aimed at minimizing harmful emissions into the atmosphere allow at the state level to implement policies on the formation, distribution and use of tax revenues for fighting climate change. It is concluded that tax revenues from the taxation of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere can be used to support the transport industry through public-private partnerships. It also emphasizes that Ukraine should intensify international cooperation and agree with developed countries to support the modernization of the Ukrainian transport industry using financial mechanisms and technology transfer agreements to increase resistance to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions enshrined in the Paris Agreement. Keywords: climate change, harmful CO2 emissions, transport area, vehicles, international environmental agreements, regulations, environmental tax. JEL Classification F21, E62, K32, K34, R42, R48 Formulas: 0; fig.: 0; tabl.: 6; bibl.: 16.

Does Non-Registration of Technology Transfer Agreement Render It Invalid in Nigeria: A Review of Stanbic IBTC Holdings Plc v. Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria and Anor

Does Non-Registration of Technology Transfer Agreement Render It Invalid in Nigeria: A Review of Stanbic IBTC Holdings Plc v. Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria and Anor

Balancing IP Rights and Competition Law through Patent Pools in Indonesia: A Comparative Analysis

In 1998, Heller and Eisenberg, discovered the ‘tragedy of the anticommons’ which occurs when there are numerous patent holders who must give their consent before a technology can be used. Consequently, where excessive property rights are claimed, some technology is underused, and innovation is stunted. To solve this issue, the patent owners can aggregate their patents into a single ‘patent pool.’ However, there are significant anticompetitive harms which may arise from such a practice. Hence, this paper aims to answer the question of whether the creation of patent pools as an antidote to the ‘tragedy of anticommons’ would be at the cost of competition law. This research found that it is possible to use patent pools as a solution to the tragedy of the anticommons, while preventing harm to competition. The Indonesian Competition Authority can take inspiration from EU regulations to create a ‘safeharbor’ for companies who engage in technology transfer agreements if they meet the market share thresholds. They can also improve the framework for analyzing patent pools by laying out the different categories of patents to ascertain the different levels of harm they bring to competition.

The silent and dangerous inequity around access to COVID-19 testing: A call to action.

The silent and dangerous inequity around access to COVID-19 testing: A call to action.

Technology Transfer Agreement of Multinational Companies in The Framework of Investment Development

The regulation of technology transfer to Multinational Companies (PMN) to date still pays attention to the provisions of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 25 of 2007 on Investment, especially Article 2 paragraph 1, in addition to Indonesia has also adjusted the provisions of national laws in the field of economy/trade with the provisions of GATT and WTO that hav been ratified through the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 of 1994, including adjustments to the provisions of the field of intellectual property rights (IPR) contained in the TRIPs, such as the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 14 of 2001 on Patents, The Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 15 of 2001 on Brands, and the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 19 of 2002 on Copyright, and others covered as objects of intellectual property rights (IPR). The role of multinational companies (PMN) in the transfer of technology can be mentioned, among others: As a holding company that can be used for media, containers, information exchange, technology between countries in the international community which is further used, and useful for Indonesia; As a place for investment in order to obtain benefits for Indonesia; and As a place for the application of new technologies to be useful more efficiently and effectively benefit Indonesia, in addition to improving international economic trade.

Licensing as a Central Structure of Technology Transfer Agreements – Joint Venture and Franchising Agreements

Abstract R&D is one of the most important sources of knowledge and economic growth worldwide, and technology transfer is the principal means to access this knowledge. Nevertheless, market imperfections, externalities, and abusive behaviors have been used by some jurisdictions to justify the enactment of regulations on different contractual categories frequently used to implement this transfer of technology. According to the UNCTAD 2001 report, technology transfer agreements encompass an array of agreements differentiated by their subject matter. Such contracts cover, amongst other things, industrial property, know-how, and technology expertise.1 Most of the doctrine considers technology transfer agreements as an autonomous contractual category due to their standard features,2 such as their bilateral character, the reciprocal rights and obligations between the parties, and the presence of intellectual property rights.3 Thus, the agreements that belong to this category are often determined by the existence of intellectual property rights and know-how. These rights mainly protect useful knowledge that can be exploited in the market by its legal owner or the person who is authorized to do so. The exploitation of intangible assets is carried out using different sorts of contracts, frequently not regulated by law or other statutes and sometimes with a high degree of complexity, depending on the relevant technical matter and the parties’ activities. However, nowadays, despite the lack of specific regulation for most of these types of agreements, they are frequently used in the market and are indeed the licensing agreement that is most used and one of the few that are regulated in some jurisdictions.4 In the same sense, it is essential to highlight the presence of other contracts; for example, it is possible to find features of a trademark license, the sale of products, distribution, or even agency in a franchise agreement. This presence occasionally leads to difficulties in the construction of the parties’ will when there is silence or poor wording on the obligations to be performed. Concerning the construction of the contract, there are different forms that a technology transfer agreement may assume. In this regard, we must point out that the lack of legal classification5 means that it is necessary to use various sources, such as case law, arbitration awards, decisions of administrative bodies, and of course doctrine to carry out a complete analysis of these contracts. For the purpose of this study, a technology transfer agreement is to be considered as the transaction that allows a party to access a technology owned by the other party in exchange for consideration. This article’s main objective is to show how technology transfer occurs through licensing agreements in other complex contracts like joint ventures and franchising agreements. In order to illustrate this transfer of technology, we will throughout this article use statutes and case law of the European Union, the United States, and the Andean Community (CAN). The aim is to present, initially, the scope of the expression technology transfer; we will then examine how these three legal categories work, the relationship between these complex contracts and licensing, and finally, the importance of using the structure of licensing in joint ventures and franchising agreements adequately.

Organizational forms of technology transfer in the innovative process

Problem setting. There are many theoretical and applied developments in the world on the optimal mechanisms for technology transfer and commercialization of innovations. All of them are relevant and deserve attention in a particular case. All of them include such elements as the developer and customer of the technology, the innovative product, the system of relations between the parties to the technological agreement, government regulation. Accordingly, choosing the method of commercialization or form of technology transfer has various economic and legal consequences. Target of research. The purpose of this article is to study the analysis of systematization of types and organizational forms of technology transfer technology transfer. Аnalysis of recent researches and publications. The issues of classification of types, forms of technology transfer and features of technology transfer agreements have been revealed in the research of many scientists. V. N. Shcheblikin and A. C. Ershov argued that the forms of technology transfer should include, in particular, vertical and horizontal. But most scientists consider them as types of technology transfer, such as O. O. Plakhotnik and V. Ya. Shoemaker. The latter in his article identified that the forms and types of technology transfer should be separated by providing a meaningful classification of species. He noted only the main points regarding the forms of technology transfer. Problematic issues of contractual aspects of technology transfer were revealed in the study of B. M. Paduchak on the classification of agreements in the field of technology transfer and significant issues of these agreements, V. M. Kryzhna, who drew attention to the terms of the agreement on the transfer of know-how, Yu. S. Panina, separated the franchise agreement from the agreement on the transfer of know-how. V. D. Mekheda noted the peculiarities of the engineering contract and Y. M. Kapitsa, who noted that an engineering contract can be concluded in the field of technology transfer. Article’s main body. Technology transfer can be considered in two main forms: as a process of technology transfer without concluding an agreement between the subjects of the innovation process (information transfer); as a process of technology transfer from one entity to another under the terms of a contract concluded between them at the legal level. If we interpret the term “form”, it is a type, structure, way of organizing something; the external manifestation of a phenomenon associated with its essence, content. Hence, the form of technology transfer should be interpreted, in particular, as a way of organization. Thus, vertical and horizontal; corporate, regional, national and transnational (international) technology transfer; commercial and non-commercial technology transfer are types of technology transfer. In our opinion, organizational or commercial forms of international and domestic transfer should be defined as: purchase and sale of licenses in circulation in the technology market (economic and legal basis of this is a patent as a security document, license agreement (or license); transfer of scientific development on the basis of franchising, transfer of scientific development on the basis of know-how agreement, transfer of scientific development on the basis of leasing, transfer of scientific development on the basis of engineering, transfer of property rights to technologies and their components in exchange of scientific and technical results. Conclusions and prospects for the development. In essence, according to certain categories, the following typesof technology transfer are distinguished, such as: depending on the type of technology transfer, there are vertical andhorizontal technology transfer; depending on the types of innovation policy there are: corporate, regional, national andtransnational (international) technology transfer; by means of technology transfer or by commercial nature or economiccontent, technology transfer is divided into commercial and non-commercial. Based on the fact that the organizational forms of technology transfer systematized by groups, we conclude that thefirst group of forms should include those based on agreements related to the process of technology transfer, ie the implementationof property rights to technology: purchase and sale of licenses in circulation in the technology market (licenseagreement (or license); transfer of scientific developments on the basis of franchising (franchising agreement); transferof scientific developments on the basis of know-how agreement (know-how agreement). The second group should include those forms that are based on contracts, the main purpose of which is not related tothe implementation of property rights to technology, namely: the transfer of scientific developments on the basis of leasing(leasing agreement); transfer of scientific developments on the basis of engineering (engineering contract); transferof property rights to technologies and their components in the exchange of scientific and technical results on the basis ofthe activities of joint ventures (agreement on joint activities) (simple partnership agreement).

Technology transfer agreements in the Brazilian Innovation Law: the impact of exclusivity on the exploitation of technology/ICT patent by third parties

This paper aims to address the technology transfer and licensing contracts between public STIs and third parties interested in exploring their technologies, according to article 6 of the Innovation Law, in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the exclusivity clause for both public STI and companies, notably, in relation to the procedure to be observed by the STI, its practical problems and the possible adoption of sole licensee and priority to license clauses. For that, the methodology used is the theoretical research of bibliographic and documentary nature, with the reading and interpretation of the legislation, scientific articles and case law, starting from the inductive method to elucidate the formulated problem. It is believed that the transfer of technology between public STI and companies brings greater efficiency in the interaction between them in the production of technological innovation and in economic progress, and its practice should be facilitated and fostered, observing and aligning the economic and social interests of both parties. In this context, the exclusivity clause and its derivations play a prominent role in encouraging technological cooperation between public STI and private entities, due to the economic advantages of such clause for both parties.

Technology Transfer and Regional Trade Agreements

The growing importance of intellectual property rights in regional trade agreements has been associated with increased technology transfer.

Effectiveness of the CoronaVac Vaccine in Prevention of Symptomatic and Progression to Severe COVID-19 in Pregnant Women in Brazil

Background: The effectiveness of Covid-19 inactivated vaccines in pregnant women is unknown. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of CoronaVac against symptomatic and severe Covid-19 and in preventing progression from symptomatic to severe Covid-19 in pregnant women in Brazil. Methods: We conducted a test-negative design study in all pregnant women aged 18 to 49 years in Brazil, linking records of negative and positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests to national vaccination records. We also linked records of test positive cases with notification of severe, hospitalized or fatal Covid-19. Using logistic regression, we estimated adjusted odds and VE against symptomatic Covid-19 by comparing vaccine status in test positive (confirmed cases) to that in subjects with a negative test result. We also calculated the odds/VE against progression by comparing vaccine status in symptomatic cases to that in severe Covid-19 cases. Results: Of 19838 tested pregnant women, 7424 (37.4%) tested positive for Covid-19 and 588 (7.9%) had severe disease. Only 83% of pregnant women who received a first dose of CoronaVac completed the vaccination scheme. A single dose of the CoronaVac vaccine was not effective at preventing symptomatic Covid-19. Effectiveness of two doses of CoronaVac was 41% (95% CI 27.1- 52.2) against symptomatic Covid-19, 85% (95% CI 59.5-94.8) against severe Covid-19 and (75%; 95% CI 27.9- 91.2) in preventing progression to severe Covid-19 among those infected. Conclusion: A complete regimen of CoronaVac in pregnant women was effective in preventing symptomatic Covid-19, and highly effective against severe illness in a setting that combines high disease burden and elevated Covid-19 related maternal deaths.Funding Information: This study is part of the VigiVac Fiocruz program, partially supported by a donation from the "Fazer o bem faz bem" program. EPS is funded by the Wellcome Trust [Grant number 213589/Z/18/Z]. Declaration of Interests: We declare no competing interests. VO, VB, MB, and MB-N are employees from Fiocruz, a federal public institution, which manufactures Vaxzevria in Brazil, through a full technology transfer agreement with AstraZenecaEthics Approval Statement: This study analysed de-identified data and was approved by the National Ethics committee (CONEP) (CAAE registration no. 50199321.9.0000.0040).