Technology Performance Assessment Research Articles

Optimization of Urban Science and Technology Innovation Performance Assessment Model - Based on VAR Methodology Perspective

Abstract Conventional science and technology performance assessment methods and indicators can no longer meet the current needs of urban science and technology innovation performance assessment, and innovative research is urgently needed. In this study, the four elements of innovation input, innovation process, innovation output, and innovation guarantee are taken as the first-level indicators of the urban science and technology innovation performance assessment index system. The G1 entropy value correction method is used to assign weights to the urban science and technology innovation performance assessment index system to reduce subjective arbitrariness. Finally, the specific situation of innovation elements and innovation performance in S city was selected, and the influence relationship between innovation elements and innovation performance assessment was analyzed using a vector autoregressive model. The results show that the method of assessing the city’s science and technology innovation performance based on the VAR model is simple and easy to operate, the confidence coefficient of the assessment model is more than 0.7, and the mean value of the validity CVR is 0.703. The assessment results have a high degree of credibility and validity and effectively promote the region’s scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement.

Techno-Economic Comprehensive Review of State-of-the-Art Geothermal and Solar Roadway Energy Systems

Road infrastructure is a vital constituent element in the transportation network; however, roadway surface ice and snow accumulation leads to huge traffic accidents in winter. Geothermal roadway energy systems (GRES) and solar roadway energy systems (SRES) can increase or decrease roadway surface temperature for the de-icing and removal of snow in winter, or mitigation of heat in summer. Technology performance and economic evaluation of the GRES and SRES are reviewed in this paper based on numerical and economic models, and experimental analyses. Three crucial aspects of the technology performance assessment, i.e., roadway surface temperature, energy consumption and key factors, are explored in different regions and countries. Economic evaluation approaches for net present values and payback periods of the GRES and SRES are investigated. The recommendations and potential future developments on the two technologies are deliberated; it is demonstrated that the GRES and SRES could increase roadway surface temperature by around 5 °C in winter and decrease it by about 6 °C in summer, with the payback periods of 4 to 8 years and 2.3 to 5 years, respectively.

HEALTH TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT: REAL-WORLD EVIDENCE FOR PUBLIC HEALTHCARE SUSTAINABILITY.

Health technology financing is often based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which are often the same ones used for licensing. Because they are designed to show the best possible results, typically Phase III studies are conducted under ideal and highly controlled conditions. Consequently, it is not surprising that technologies do not always perform in real life in the same way as controlled conditions. Because financing (and price paid) decisions can be made with overestimated results, health authorities need to ask whether health systems achieve the results they expect when they choose to pay for a technology. The optimal way to answer this question is to assess the performance of financed technologies in real-world settings. Health technology performance assessment (HTpA) refers to the systematic evaluation of the properties, effects, and/or impact of a health intervention or health technology in the real world to provide information for investment/disinvestment decisions and clinical guideline updates. The objective is to describe the development and principal aspects of the Guideline for HTpA commissioned by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Our methods used include extensive literature review, refinement with experts across countries, and public consultation. A comprehensive guideline was developed, which has been adopted by the Brazilian government. We believe the guideline, with its particular focus on disinvestment, along with the creation of a specific program for HTpA, will allow the institutionalization and continuous improvement of the scientific methods to use real-world evidence to optimize available resources not only in Brazil but across countries.

Development of SWG Standard Model by Location Type and Case Study of Inland

The regional water imbalance due to climate change is becoming more serious. Unparalleled water shortages have been experienced such as water level degradation of eight major dam in South Korea during all season. Smart Water Grid, making full use of a variety of water sources, and ensuring the efficient supply through ICT, has been proposed as an alternative. First, Representative cities by location type were selected to design a SWG Standard Model through research of domestic and international cities types (inland type, the coast type, the island-like oasis-type) and then standard models by location type were established in accordance with selecting the optimal way from technology performance assessment process using the AHP method. In this paper, case study of process for standard model establishment of inland type among four types was introduced.In general inland type water have been supplied through a single water resource in case of abundant source for water supply, which provided for cutting off the water through other areas, and emergency water supply pipeline connection. This case are vulnerable to water pollution and accidents, when the number of water treatment plants use the same intake source and also it is difficult to secure much alternative water resources by region. D Metropolitan city which achieved in high score of SWG suitability index was selected as represented city of the inland type standard model in terms of water resources, industry, population, finances and ICT infrastructure.It is planed that water was produced by supplying raw water to the Maegok and Munsan water treatment plant through installation of riverbank filtration facilities (242 thousand ㎥ / day) in the Nakdong riversides to conjunction with the existing Water intake plant according to change of water quality in Nakdong River. Jukgok water treatment plant, which supplies industrial water have 80% of water self-reliance rate and 56% of active water resources utilization rate by providing the reuse of treated sewage. It was designed that variable intake technology depending on water quality changes considering the economic and operational efficiency is possible thorough SWG. River water filtered into the main intake source is a main water supply in emergency and reused water treated from sewage treatment plant was planned for supplying industrial water.

Creating a Solid Base for Technology Road Mapping Using an Integrated Technology Monitoring and Assessment Tool

Technology road mapping is a critical exercise for multi-stakeholder RTD programs as establishing clear targets may be complex particularly if there can be information asymmetries. Further complication arises if a consistent output oriented technology performance assessment and monitoring is required, e.g. as part of impact assessment routines demanded of public funding agencies. The paper introduces the framework for such a necessity in the FCH-JU, a major European initiative, the methodological challenges combining different types of information from published and confidential sources, individual expert judgments etc. It demonstrates the solutions developed including such advanced approaches as multi parameter comparisons via the MACBETH methodology. It is concluded by an outlook for full implementation in the clients program office.

The Importance Of Technology Usage In The Classroom, Does Gender Gaps Exist

The Importance Of Technology Usage In The Classroom, Does Gender Gaps Exist

Improved $CV/I$ Methodology to Accurately Predict CMOS Technology Performance

Conventional CV/I methodology is shown to be inadequate in projecting circuit performance of advanced technologies. The calculation can result in over 100% error on performance estimates compared to the silicon data. In this brief, we present an improved CV/I model that predicts performance within 3% error against ring oscillator delays over different technology nodes. The model is highly scalable and can be used as figure of merit for future technology performance assessment.

A Broad-Band Lumped Element Analytic Model Incorporating Skin Effect and Substrate Loss for Inductors and Inductor Like Components for Silicon Technology Performance Assessment and RFIC Design

We present a broad-band lumped element planar inductor model that is suitable for RFIC design in silicon technologies. We provide extensions of the modeling methodology to similar components such as differential inductors, baluns, and solenoid inductors. The analytic computation of the physics-based model components, incorporating both metal skin effect and substrate loss, is described. The model is validated using measured data from over 200 inductors made with five different silicon back-end process technologies. The physics-based implementation of the model allows its use for determining the optimum process technology characteristics for specific radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) designs. The analytical based implementation with lumped elements enables effective integration into a robust CAD system for efficient design of RFIC circuits.

NAPL source zone characterization and remediation technology performance assessment: recent developments and applications of tracer techniques

Several innovative tracer techniques have been introduced during the past 5 years for enhanced characterization of the “source zones” at sites contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) wastes. These tracer techniques allow for an in situ estimation of domain-averaged values and spatial patterns for NAPL saturation ( S n), NAPL–water interfacial area ( a nw), and bio-geochemical reactivity ( k s) within the target test zone. The tracer tests can be used to evaluate the spatial patterns in these parameters, both before and after implementing some in situ technique for site cleanup, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of remediation achieved and the possible impacts of the cleanup technology on hydrodynamic and bio-geochemical processes. Here, we review the theoretical and experimental basis for these tracer methods, present selected examples of recent field-scale applications, and examine their reliability.