Technological Paradigm Research Articles

Legal Issues of Ensuring Technological Sovereignty

Objective: to identify the legal issues of ensuring technological sovereignty and to determine scientifically grounded vectors of their solution.Methods: the study is based on formal-legal, historical-legal, comparative legal methods, as well as the methodology of soft systematicity, legal forecasting, and legal modeling. Results: the article presents a theoretical and legal approach to understanding sovereignty and differentiating its types. Under modern conditions, a significant role is given to the independence and autonomy of the state in the technological sphere. The correlation of digital and technological sovereignty is considered; the latter notion is outlined taking into account the gaining popularity of the Western concept of digital (technological) solidarity. The regulatory foundation of the state strategic autonomy is legal regulation, in which the concept of technology-centrism has been firmly established in recent years. The technological paradigm of modern legal regulations was identified. It consists in strategizing the scientific and technological innovations in strategic planning documents, as well as in sovereignization and cyclization of the legal sphere, digital transformation of the culture of lawmaking and law enforcement, technologization of the legal language, expansion of the scope of legislative regulation and the volume of subordinate legislation. The analysis of the correlation between the legislative and subordinate law levels of technological positioning of the Russian Federation in strategic areas has allowed to emphasize the important systemic interrelation of the involved traditional and innovative law-making tools as they ensure technological development. The author also identifies the risks of expanding legal experimentation in the digital area of public relations, which should exclude the possibility of circumventing the established critical limitations.Scientific novelty: the work forms a theoretical and legal model of ensuring technological sovereignty, which is of strategic importance for the preservation of the Russian Federation sovereignty in its classical understanding as the main and most important feature of the state.Practical significance: the results can be used in law-making activities of public authorities to create legal mechanisms for research, development and implementation of critical and end-to-end technologies and the production of high-tech products based on them in order to ensure national security of the Russian Federation.

Rozwój technologii kwantowej: wyzwania i aspekty regulacyjne. Przegląd wybranych zagadnień prawnych

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, quantum technology is entering the scene with the promise of radically changing the technological paradigm. Quantum computing, simulation, quantum communications and the combination of this technology with artificial intelligence are opening up new horizons of innovation that could revolutionize various industries. Along with its enormous potential, this technology brings legal, ethical and social challenges that require detailed analysis and an interdisciplinary approach. The industrial deployment of quantum technology entails dilemmas regarding human rights, cyber security and national security, as well as the risk of exacerbating inequality, technological exclusion and algorithmic discrimination. With regard to artificial intelligence enhanced by quantum computing technology, we can speak of a completely new facet of the problem of the opacity of algorithms, which is determined not only by the cognitive limitations of the human mind, but stems from the indefinability of the world described by the laws of quantum mechanics. In light of the above, the thesis can be advanced that the classical approach to the principle of transparency and the postulates of creating algorithms that will clearly present the path to the final result, which are part of the broad current of creating ethical and explainable artificial intelligence, may prove difficult to realize in relation to Quantum AI. In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, we are therefore faced with the challenge of implementing new instruments for testing, certifying and inspecting algorithms, such as tools for analyzing and visualizing the results of quantum algorithms, which will be suited to the specifics of Quantum AI and ensure the ethical correctness of the systems. This article will identify selected areas of application of quantum technology, and thus the potential benefits and risks of quantum technology, and also analyze the need to develop ethical and legal standards that allow for the sustainable and socially responsible development of these disruptive technologies.

Development and validation of a proposal for a Charter of Citizens' Rights and Commitments regarding eHealth.

There is a new technological paradigm in health care which has been reinforced following the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Technological innovations create both challenges and opportunities to which citizens, healthcare professionals, and healthcare organizations must adapt to this reality. Although most health services have charters of citizens' general rights and commitments, there is no specific charter concerning eHealth. To develop and validate a proposal of a minimum set of citizens' rights and commitments to e-Health. Experts in a discussion group developed a charter composed of twenty items, ten rights and ten commitments to e-Health. Two rounds of consensus were necessary to obtain a final version of the charter. The twenty items were validated for content and assessed for appropriateness, relevance, and understandability using an internet-based 2-round Delphi approach in which 134 experts, patients and healthcare professionals participated. They rated the assessed attributes for each item on a 5-point Likert scale for consensus. The content validity index was calculated with kappa statistic, a consensus measure of inter-rater agreement. In the first round, 18 items were validated, leaving only two commitments with unacceptable indices. Both were modified using the experts' contributions and entered a second round of evaluation, after which the indices met the established requirements. A proposal for a chart of patient rights and commitments to eHealth was developed and showed adequate content validity and inter-observer reliability. This chart is expected to become a starting point for the debate on the role of technology in the way patients, professionals, and health services interact in the current context.

EAEU Role in the Evolution of Multipolar Structure in World Politics

The global political system is undergoing a transition from a unipolar to a multipolar world. Scientific discussions are underway regarding the emergence or formation of new poles in the world, including the potential development of a pole through the integration structure of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Attention is focused on the changing conditions of the global economy and their influence on the development strategies of regional integration associations. The necessity to adapt the development strategies of the EAEU to new trends, including the shift in the economic paradigm and the reassessment of the role of integration process participants, is argued.Aim. To justify strategies and approaches to building an economic pole based on the EAEU.Tasks. Examining various theoretical approaches to the concept of multipolarity, poles, and centers of power. Investigating interpretations of global and regional leadership. Analyzing the concept of regional leadership considering the role of the EAEU as an important element of the new world political and global economic system.Methods. Comparative analysis of vectors and development strategies of regional integration associations. The civilizational approach illuminates not only the key economic and political aspects of regional leadership but also the cultural and civilizational factors of regional integration. The deductive method and synthesis allowed for the formulation of new approaches to understanding the economic component of the EAEU pole.Results. It has been established that one of the possible and most effective ways to form the economic component of the EAEU pole is to consider the formation of a new technological paradigm in the Union’s development strategy amidst the transformation and transition to a new economic paradigm.Conclusions. Framing the EAEU as an independent pole, based on the concept of changing economic paradigms, implies a rethinking or establishment of institutions based on principles of non-discrimination, mutual respect for sovereignty and national interests, as well as the establishment of mutually beneficial relations with other states. Such an approach to pole-building is a key step in transitioning to the sixth technological paradigm.

Sport Architecture. Technological evolution models and paradigms

The paper focuses on technological evolution applied to sports architecture, considered as urban infrastructures. A field of research – that has not been given its due importance both by architectural historiography and by technological culture – despite the fact that sports architecture has always represented privileged places of formal, technical and engineering experimentation. Some design experiences in the field of sports venues – from the twentieth century to the contemporary age – have instead represented significant steps of technological development. In particular, the latest generation of sports infrastructures, represent the architectural typology where it is possible to find, concentrated, paradigms such as those of resilience, flexibility, sustainability technologies for adaptive skins and many others innovative parameters.

Remote Work Dynamics in Semiconductor MNCs in Klang Valley: The Impact of Work Environment, Technological Infrastructure, and Work-Life Balance on Employee Productivity Moderated by Gender

The shift towards remote work has become a prominent feature of contemporary workplaces, driven by technological advancements and changing organizational paradigms. This study investigates remote work dynamics within semiconductor multinational corporations (MNCs) in Klang Valley, focusing on the interplay between work environment, technological infrastructure, work-life balance, and employee productivity. Social Exchange Theory (Blau, 1964), Operational model of analysis (Leitão et al., 2019) and Task-to-Performance Chain Theory (Goodhue and Thompson, 1995) guides the exploration of how these factors influence productivity, while Predictors and outcomes of LMX Model (Tziner et al., 2020) informs the examination of gender as a moderating factor. Utilizing a quantitative research approach, data was collected through structured surveys administered to employees of semiconductor MNCs in the Klang Valley region. The survey instrument captured key variables related to the work environment, technological infrastructure, and work-life balance. Statistical analyses, including regression modeling and moderation analysis, were employed to examine the relationships between these variables and productivity while considering gender as a moderating factor. The findings provide empirical evidence regarding the impact of the work environment, technological infrastructure, and work-life balance on employee productivity in remote settings within the semiconductor industry. Additionally, investigating gender as a moderating factor uncovers potential disparities in remote work experiences and outcomes between male and female employees. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of remote work dynamics, offering insights into organizational policies and practices to optimize productivity and foster inclusivity in remote work arrangements.

Analysis of Enterprise Internet of Things Maturity Models: A Review

Maturity models are valuable tools when assessing the readiness and progress of technology incorporation in organizations, providing information for decision-making, resource allocation, and competitive advantage. The Internet of Things is a technology paradigm of global importance, especially for organizations, as it supports productivity improvements, real-time analysis, and customer satisfaction. Therefore, adopting and implementing this technology in enterprises brings several challenges, such as technological, organizational, security, and maturity issues. However, secondary studies that systematically compile the existing literature on these specific mechanisms for the enterprise domain are still being determined. This article aims to address this knowledge gap by conducting a review to deepen and synthesize the existing knowledge. This research followed established methodologies and protocols to synthesize and analyze the state of the art in the area; 489 documents were retrieved from seven bibliographic databases, and, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 primary studies were selected. The results indicate that the typical structures of maturity models incorporate technological, organizational, human, performance, and security dimensions through graded levels that denote the sophistication of the Internet of Things. Measurement techniques and metrics vary from model to model. There are few empirical validations or standardized improvement frameworks. The main conclusion is that there is a diversity of models, dimensions, indicators, and methods and a need for more comprehensive, adaptable, and user-friendly tools to help companies assess their Internet of Things maturity and inform future development strategies.

Economic cyber-physical space: theoretical and methodological genesis and modern trends of formation and development

In this scientific study, the socio-economic and technical and technological features of the new economic and technological paradigm are high lighted. As a result of the analysis of trends in the development of the Industry 4.0 market and digital initiatives adopted in the world, the prerequisites for the formation of an economic cyber-physical space at the national level have been identified, and the relevance of the subject of scientific research has been substantiated. Based on the analysis of the evolutionary development of spatial economics, the research of scientific schools is systematized and theoretical and methodological schemes belonging to representatives of the German, French (continental), Anglo-Saxon and Russian schools of spatial economics are analyzed. As a result, the postulates of the economic cyberphysical space are developed and the author's interpretation of the concept of economic cyber physical space is proposed.

Social Inclusion for People with Intellectual Disability and on the Autism Spectrum through Assistive Technologies: Current Needs and Future Priorities

Context Contemporary technologies, such as mainstream and specialised Assistive Technologies (ATs), are seen as effective. However, there is a noticeable gap between technological progress and the ability to customise these technologies to meet the unique needs and characteristics of neurodivergent individuals, particularly those on the Autism Spectrum and people with Intellectual Disability (pwID). Purpose The goal of this study is to investigate the present requirements and future priorities acknowledged by specialists in the field regarding the progress of social inclusion for this population, making use of ATs. Methods and results A qualitative survey involving 24 international experts, and its respective thematic analysis reveals challenges in social inclusion, emphasizing communication and physical accessibility, awareness gaps, and stigma. Concurrently, issues surrounding ATs include limited access, insufficient training, and a lack of awareness and skills, with individuals, and families being inadequately involved. Conclusion and implications The study proposes strategies for overcoming these challenges, with a focus on accessibility, awareness, skills, family involvement, and customization. Identified research needs encompass scientific development, inclusive approaches, and changes in technological development paradigms.

Instilling the perception of weight in augmented reality using minimal haptic feedback

Humans perceive gravitational forces on their surroundings through a mix of visual and sensorimotor cues. The accurate presentation of such cues is a difficult task in Mixed/Augmented Reality (MR/AR), technological paradigms that blend physical and virtual elements to enhance the way we interact with our environment. Realistically perceiving the weight of virtual elements within a MR/AR scenario aids in the embodiment of those elements within the user’s reality, further blurring the lines between what is real and virtual. Unfortunately, current force feedback devices are not designed for or are entirely compatible with MR/AR experiences. To address this need, we explore minimal haptic feedback for weight perception in MR/AR, aiming to simplify the rendering of gravitational cues that are crucial to an immersive experience. Our benchtop device, focused on wrist feedback, showed improved user experience even within an implicit weight feedback task, i.e., a task where weight perception was not required for task completion. However, challenges arose in mixed real-virtual environments, a cornerstone of MR/AR interaction, where weight discrimination was observed to be less accurate. To address this, we developed a compensation scheme for virtual weights, leading to performance on par with a purely virtual environment. Our work demonstrates the viability of minimal haptic feedback in MR/AR applications and highlights the importance of integrating weight perception for increased realism. Our work also fills a research gap in MR/AR development, providing insights for designing future MR/AR systems that integrate with human sensory mechanisms to create virtual interactions that more closely mirror the physical world.

A scoping review of cultivated meat techno-economic analyses to inform future research directions for scaled-up manufacturing.

Techno-economic analyses offer insights into how industrial cultivated meat (CM) production could achieve price parity with conventional meat. These analyses use scaling practices, data and facility designs for related bioprocessing fields, including large (≥20,000 l) stirred tank bioreactors and suspension-tolerant, continuously available cell lines. This approach is inconsistent with most primary CM literature, which parallels bench-scale tissue engineering. TEAs published to date demonstrate that, under the current technological paradigm, CM is unlikely to be competitive with conventional meat. Scale-up feasibility may hinge on cost-saving areas such as use of plant-based media components, food-grade aseptic conditions and extensive scaling of related supply chains. Research must address knowledge gaps including serum-free differentiation, new bioreactor designs and facility design before CM can become a viable alternative to animal-based meat production.

Basics of Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing technological paradigm that enables the interconnection of physical devices, sensors, and systems through the internet. IoT allows devices to collect, exchange, and act on data autonomously, creating seamless communication between the digital and physical worlds. It has applications across diverse domains, including smart homes, healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and industrial automation. IoT ecosystems involve key components like sensors, actuators, cloud platforms, communication protocols, and analytics tools. The technology's benefits include improved efficiency, real-time monitoring, automation, and enhanced decision- making through data analytics. However, IoT also presents challenges related to data security, privacy, interoperability, and scalability. As the number of connected devices continues to grow, advancements in 5G, artificial intelligence, and edge computing are expected to drive the evolution of IoT, making it a cornerstone of future smart environments. This abstract provides a concise overview of the IoT landscape, highlighting both its transformative potential and associated challenges. Keywords: IOT (Internet of Things) , Smart Devices, Sensors and Actuators, Connectivity, Real-time Monitoring, Automation, Cloud Computing, Edge Computing, 5G Networks, Interoperability.

Adapting to Competition: Solar PV Innovation in Europe and the Impact of the ‘China Shock’

AbstractLow cost solar energy is key to enabling the transition away from fossil fuels. Despite this, the European Union followed the United States’ example in imposing anti-dumping tariffs on solar panel imports from China in 2013, arguing that Chinese panels were unfairly subsidised and harmed its domestic industry. This paper examines the effects of Chinese import competition on firm-level innovation in solar photovoltaic technology by European firms using a sample of 10,137 firms in 15 EU countries over the period 1999–2020. I show that firms which were exposed to higher import competition innovated more if they had a relatively small existing stock of innovation, but less if their historical knowledge stock fell within the top 10th percentile of firms in the sample. This suggests that newer firms were more able to respond to increased competition by innovating, while firms with a large historical stock of innovation may have been locked into old technological paradigms. As firms with a smaller knowledge stock tended to innovate more overall, trade with China appears to have been beneficial in encouraging innovation among the most innovative firms. However, I also find evidence that import competition increased the probability of exit among firms in the sample.

Spatial Development of Technological Knowledge and the Evolution of International Business Activity across Technological Paradigms

How has the spatial structure of the development of technological knowledge in international business (IB) shifted over time, moving between paradigms for IB and society? To answer this research question, we use the method of historical analysis and attempt to synthesize literature streams on international business history and technological paradigms to trace this evolution. Drawing insights from this synthesis and building on evolutionary theoretical approaches in IB, we argue that three elements - (i) technological (T), (ii) global institutional (G), and (iii) local institutional (L) – are key to understanding the spatial development of technological knowledge in IB, as these elements enable, expedite, or constrain technological and organizational change in MNEs within a paradigm and during periods of paradigmatic shifts. We conclude with a case illustration of a firm founded in the 1700s to assess its responses to (and actions that may have prompted) the shifts in the T, G, and L elements across the three technological paradigms – mechanical (1780-1880), electromechanical (1880-1980), and digital (1980-present).

A critical review and systematic design approach for innovative upper-limb rehabilitation devices

This paper conducts a thorough literature review and assessment of prevailing upper-limb rehabilitation devices, scrutinizing their strengths and limitations. The focus of this work is mainly on soft exosuit devices but some rigid and hybrid exoskeleton devices are also discussed as a comparative mean. Subsequently, this manuscript delineates explicit design guidelines with the intent of fostering a systematic approach toward innovation in the realm of upper-limb rehabilitation technology. Through an examination of current concepts and technological paradigms, this study seeks to contribute nuanced insights aimed at optimizing both efficacy and user experience in rehabilitation device design. The culmination of this critical analysis results in the proposal of a systematic design procedure to inform and influence the trajectory of specific user-tailored innovations within the domain of upper-limb rehabilitation devices.The proposed approach enables the identification of features and weaknesses in existing devices, facilitating also the design of innovative solutions for unsolved issues in the field of wearable robotics. A design example is presented to clarify the proposed design procedure.

Combinatorial innovation and lifecycle analysis of low-carbon energy technologies in China

Measuring the lifecycle of low-carbon energy technologies is critical to better understanding the innovation pattern. However, previous studies on lifecycle either focus on technical details or just provide a general overview, due to the lack of connection with innovation theories. This article attempts to fill this gap by analyzing the lifecycle from a combinatorial innovation perspective, based on patent data of ten low-carbon energy technologies in China from 1999 to 2018. The problem of estimating lifecycle stages can be transformed into analyzing the rise of fall of knowledge combinations. By building the IPC co-occurrence matrix, this paper demonstrates the lifecycle evolution of technologies graphically constructs an efficient quantitative index to divide lifecycle stages. The mathematical measurement can effectively reflect the evolutionary pattern of technologies. Additionally, this article relates the macro evolution of lifecycle to the micro dynamic mechanism of technology paradigms. The sign of technology maturity is that new inventions tend to follow the patterns established by prior ones. Following this logic, this paper identifies different trends of paradigms in each technology field and analyze their transition. Furthermore, catching-up literature shows that drastic transformation of technology paradigms may open “windows of opportunity” for laggard regions. From the results of this paper, it is clear to see that latecomers can catch up with pioneers especially when there is a radical change in paradigms. Therefore, it is important for policy makers to capture such opportunities during the technology lifecycle and coordinate regional innovation resources.

Sustainable Digital Transformation In Africa: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems With Modern Technology

Today, the continent of Africa is at an epoch in its digital transformation journey. As the continent embraces modern technologies, it often encounters a disconnect between them and its indigenous cultural practices and environmental contexts. This paper proposes a radical shift from the Western-centric technological paradigms to a model that integrates Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) with digital transformation efforts. This study offers a unique view on sustainable and culturally congruent technological development by examining the limitations of current digital frameworks and presenting successful case studies where IKS have been harmoniously integrated with technology. We explore the potential of IKS to complement and redefine the global technological landscape. Our analysis predicts that by 2040, Africa could emerge as a trailblazer in global technology by embracing and amplifying its indigenous wisdom within its digital advancements. This paper challenges conventional wisdom and advocates for a transformative approach to digital development deeply rooted in Africa's cultural and environmental realities.

The Strategic Adoption of 5G Technology From a Business Model Perspective

Even if 5G is considered an enabling technology, its transformative potential and widespread adoption remain limited. This paper explores how Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) innovate their business models by leveraging 5G. Through an exploratory multiple-case study of Italian MNOs, key determinants concerning innovation in value proposition, creation, and delivery are obtained inductively from interviews and grouped into different 5G business model archetypes. These latter are "Advanced connectivity provider", "Vertical Service Provider", and "Orchestrator". The first focuses on offering 5G as an enabling technology on which end users can build their own applications. The second selects target industries and allows access to a specific service. The third doesn’t own specific knowledge but it acts as the intermediary between a customer and a capable partner’s network, ensuring that the project is carried out and targeting multiple verticals. The research provides both theoretical and practical contributions: from a theoretical standpoint, it contributes to the business model innovation literature by offering empirical work that investigates the strategic adoption of a new technological paradigm focusing on the architecture of the business model rather than a measurement of performance afterwards. Moreover, it contributes to the 5G literature with an empirical study that focuses on the strategic implications of the phenomenon rather than just the technical aspects, and to the enabling technology literature by offering a study that examines an enabling technology from a firm-specific perspective. From the standpoint of practitioners, it can offer managerial guidance on developing suitable 5G business models to promote technology adoption and maintain competitiveness by harnessing the potential applications envisioned with 5G.

Retraction Note: China's energy policy and sustainable energy transition for sustainable development: green investment in renewable technological paradigm.

Retraction Note: China's energy policy and sustainable energy transition for sustainable development: green investment in renewable technological paradigm.

Technological Paradigm Between the Production of Photovoltaic and Thermal Solar Energy in Sahelo-Sahelian Countries

The energy sector in Sahelian countries such as Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger is facing enormous challenges. Indeed, electricity shortages, characterized by recurrent breakdowns of means of production and import dependency due to an unfavorable energy mix, are numerous in these countries. Concerns about the high costs of facilities and operations, as well as environmental pollution, not forgetting to mention the matter of the countries' energy sovereignty, have led to the desire to use reliable, profitable and adapted means of production. The aim of this study is to review the literature on electric power generation systems in the world, in Africa and in Sahelian countries, with an emphasis focus on photovoltaic and thermal solar energy. In addition, it highlights, in views of the problems raised, works that have suggested solutions. To achieve this, scientific articles, theses and other scientific documents dealing with electric power generation systems from 2014 to 2024 have been consulted. This enabled us to get knowledge on the various electric power generation systems, to know their advantages and limitations, and above all the perspectives in terms of electric power generation. Additionally, they provided a source of inspiration for setting up an electric power generation system in line with the realities of the countries of the Alliance of Sahel States (ASS).