Technology Organization Environment Research Articles

Applying Blockchain, Causal Loop Diagrams, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to Enhance Fifth-Generation Ceramic Antenna Manufacturing: A Technology–Organization–Environment Framework Approach

This study used a technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework as the primary analytical tool to explore the burgeoning capabilities of blockchain technology in the area of 5G ceramic antenna development. A causal loop diagram (CLD) analysis is used to further clarify the complex dynamics and feedback mechanisms, and the impact of blockchain on the design, production, and deployment phases of ceramic antennas, which play a pivotal role in the development of 5G communications, is studied. We found that blockchain’s unique features, including its immutable ledger and decentralized architecture, have the potential to significantly improve the transparency, security, and efficiency of the ceramic antenna manufacturing process. Technology (T), organization (O), and environment (E) were used as the top factors, and the subfactors of TOE were selected and analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by CLD. The AHP analysis was used to evaluate the relative importance of various internal and external factors affecting the adoption of blockchain technology. The integration of the TOE framework with AHP and CLD provides a comprehensive analytical tool that enhances the understanding of the complex dynamics in the 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing process. This methodological approach not only clarifies the interactions between technological, organizational, and environmental factors but also facilitates strategic decision-making through a structured evaluation of these factors. The AHP analysis showed that technical factors are the most important in the TOE analysis of 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing, with a weight of 0.427, which indicates the important role of technical factors in the development of ceramic antenna production. In addition, environmental and organizational factors were given weights of 0.302 and 0.271, respectively, confirming the importance of technological innovation and internal process optimization. In the subfactor of Technology (T), ‘Blockchain Technology’ has the highest ranking among the subfactors, with a global weight value of 0.129, emphasizing the importance of blockchain technology. This study explored the technical and organizational complexities of introducing blockchain technology into the 5G ceramic antenna manufacturing industry and, through an in-depth investigation of the potential benefits of such integration, it aims to propose new approaches to improve quality control and manufacturing efficiency. The research findings aim to contribute to the sustainable growth of the telecommunications industry by providing strategic recommendations for the application of blockchain technology in the production of 5G ceramic antennas.

Enhancing Information Technology Adoption Potential in MSMEs: a Conceptual Model Based on TOE Framework

The adoption of Information Technology (IT) by Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) has become essential in the digital era. Nevertheless, challenges persist, such as enhancing IT adoption in the MSMEs sector and optimizing its benefits. This research aims to create a comprehensive model based on the Technology- Organization-Environment (TOE) framework by analyzing technological, organizational, and environmental factors influencing IT adoption among MSMEs in Pangandaran, Indonesia. Employing a quantitative approach, an online questionnaire was distributed to MSMEs, and data were analyzed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS- SEM) through SmartPLS. The study significantly contributes to understanding IT adoption, emphasizing organizational context as the primary predictor, followed by technological and environmental contexts. Positive relationships were found between four contextual constructs: complexity, top management support, organizational readiness, and competitive pressure towards IT adoption in MSMEs. Conversely, compatibility and government support exhibited negative impacts. These findings have practical implications for Indonesian MSMEs by enhancing understanding of factors influencing IT adoption to support business operations. Furthermore, these findings hold the potential to assist MSMEs and the Indonesian government in optimizing IT adoption success. The generated data can be employed by MSMEs management authorities to devise strategies for enhancing IT adoption among MSMEs.

Artificial intelligence technology readiness for social sustainability and business ethics: Evidence from MSMEs in developing nations

Social, economic, and environmental development together contributes to sustainable development. Social sustainability (SS) is essential to create just and inclusive societies where people's basic needs are satisfied, human rights are protected, and social cohesion and fairness exist. To achieve holistic, sustainable development, policymakers and management must consider SS and environmental and economic considerations. Employees' social and behavioral interactions impact SS and business ethics. Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) can learn from artificial intelligence (AI) for better decision-making, operational optimization, increased employability, and employee empowerment. Therefore, this research aims to assess how artificial intelligence technology affects SS and business ethics in the MSMEs. We studied the artificial intelligence (AI) readiness among MSME companies in developing nations. We analyzed AI readiness using the theory of technology-organization-environment (TOE). Further, we also studied AI readiness and its influence on business ethics and SS, which we measured through skill development, work conditions, environment, and safety among MSMEs. We collected the data from 236 MSME employees. We used Structural Equation Modeling using SmartPLS software for data analysis. The research findings indicated that AI readiness directly impacts SS. We also found that the findings directly impact employees' social and ethical behavior. We also observed that business ethics significantly affects SS, indicating partial mediation. This study has substantial theoretical and managerial implications as policymakers and MSME leadership need to consider SS an essential component of sustainable development.

Challenges and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in Nigerian Journalism Practice: A Narrative Review

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into Nigerian journalism practices presents both challenges and prospects for the industry. This paper explores the dynamic interplay between AI technologies and journalism in Nigeria, addressing key conceptual clarifications, theoretical frameworks, challenges, and prospects associated with AI utilization in the field. Drawing upon existing literature, the study examines the multifaceted nature of AI, ranging from its conceptual underpinnings to its practical applications in journalism. It utilizes the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework to analyze the factors influencing AI adoption within Nigerian newsrooms, considering technological, organizational, and environmental contexts. Identifying challenges such as infrastructural limitations, financial constraints, cultural resistance, and ethical considerations, the paper elucidates the complexities inherent in AI integration in Nigerian journalism. These challenges encompass issues of data quality, transparency, bias, and accountability, underscoring the need for responsible AI implementation and robust ethical frameworks. Additionally, the paper discusses the prospects offered by AI in enhancing journalistic efficiency, facilitating data-driven reporting, personalizing news delivery, and combating misinformation. By leveraging AI for fact-checking, multilingual reporting, predictive analytics, and automated content generation, Nigerian journalists can innovate and adapt to the evolving media landscape. Moreover, AI presents opportunities for improving audience engagement, storytelling, collaboration, and addressing bias and ethics concerns. Embracing AI in journalism also creates educational pathways for aspiring journalists, fostering skill development and innovation in the industry.

Digitalization of Small and Medium-Sized Hotels in Vietnam: Interdependent Critical Factors

People responsible for managing digitalization must clarify the role of its critical factors. Many studies have already identified these factors, assuming that they are independent. These factors, however, are likely to interact since digitalization is a multi-stakeholder and multi-dimensional transformation. Ignoring their interactions is likely to cause biases in measurement and analysis. Therefore, this study explores the influential weight and interactions of the critical factors behind the digitalization of Vietnam’s small and medium-sized hotels. According to the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, the results of a combined analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) analysis present four key findings: 1) technological context is a cause, but organizational context is an effect, while environmental context is neutral; 2) technological context has influence than others; 3) among the 12 critical factors identified, marketing benefits, financial resources, usage barriers, and cross-technology compatibility are the most important; and 4) marketing benefits, cross-technology compatibility, financial resources, organizational characteristics, and competitor pressure are causes. The findings show that contexts (factors) interact. Cause context (factor) directly and indirectly influences digitalization through other contexts (factors). In addition, there are no dominant contexts and factors. Accordingly, to be effective, digitalization needs to take all critical factors into account. Prioritizing the primary context (factors) and improving the core cause context (factors) are therefore appropriate.

Exploring cross-national divide in government adoption of artificial intelligence: Insights from explainable artificial intelligence techniques

Despite the recognized potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve governance, a significant divide in AI adoption exists among governments globally. However, little is known about the underlying causes behind the divide, hindering effective strategies to bridge it. Drawing on the AI capability concept and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this study employs Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) models to analyze the multifaceted factors influencing AI adoption by governments worldwide. The results underscore the critical roles of internet security and internet usage within the technological dimension, regulatory quality, government effectiveness, government expenditure, rule of law, and corruption control within the organizational dimension, and globalization, median age and GDP per capita within the environmental dimension. Notably, our analysis explores the intricate effects of these variables on government AI adoption, identifying inflection points where their impacts undergo significant shifts in magnitude and direction. This nuanced exploration provides a comprehensive understanding of government AI adoption globally and illustrates targeted strategies for governments to bridge the AI adoption divide, making theoretical, methodological and practical implications.

Blockchain-powered grids: Paving the way for a sustainable and efficient future

Blockchain technology can potentially be a bedrock for the energy record-keeping system. This study examined several critical factors that affect users’ intention to accept Blockchain technology for the Smart grid. The proposed model is based on the Technology Organization Environment framework, which is examined using Structural Equation Modelling. Based on the study findings, it has been indicated that the relative advantage shows a significant effect and matters the most during the Blockchain technology adoption in the Smart grid. The innovativeness, cost saving, and regulatory support also significantly influence the intention to use the Blockchain technology. The innovativeness and traceability show a significant influence on upper management support. The traceability shows a substantial impact on cost savings. However, innovativeness shows an insignificant effect on cost savings. The traceability and competitive pressure do not affect the intention to use the Blockchain technology. This study has extended the Technology Organization Environment theory, which predicts the organizational behavior to adopt the Blockchain technology for the Smart grid. We argue that the finding provides insights to guide the industry to deliver the best practice on the Blockchain technology. The study findings suggest that experts would recognize innovative technology free of effort to raise the determined aids for improving the traditional energy system. Though there are some limits, theoretical and practical implications are justified based on the findings.

Cloud-Based E-Government (CBEG): A Systematic Literature Review

The field of cloud-based electronic government (CBEG) is still expanding. Some conflicting results have been published regarding the factors influencing the adoption of CBEG. The paper aims to review the literature and understand the status of CBEG and the factors behind its adoption. Specific keywords related to the topic were used to extract articles from reliable databases. An extensive review was done on a total of 41 articles published between 2016 and August 2022. The findings showed that there has been an increase in the number of articles related to CBEG, specifically in the public sector. The review also showed that the quantitative approach outperformed other approaches. The Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) were used in the majority of the reviewed papers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied intensively in the reviewed papers. The most important factors for CBEG adoption are top-level management support, security, compatibility, relative advantage, complexity, and privacy. Future studies are recommended to expand the scope of inclusion criteria, conduct more empirical studies on CBEG, and deploy mediators and moderators. Empirically, combining more theories can explain more about the adoption of CBEG. The findings help decision-makers better understand the predictors of the successful adoption of CBEG.

The impact and adoption of emerging technologies on accounting: perceptions of Canadian companies

Purpose This study aims to focus on the five most relevant and discursive emerging technologies in accounting (cloud computing, big data and data analytics, blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics process automation [RPA]). It investigates the adoption and use of these technologies based on data collected from accounting professionals in a technology-developed country – Canada, through a survey. Design/methodology/approach The study investigates the adoption and use of emerging technologies based on data collected from accounting professionals in a technology-developed country – Canada, through a survey. This study considers the said nature and characteristics of emerging technologies and proposes a model using the factors that have been found to be significant and most commonly investigated by existing prior technology-organization-environment (TOE)-related technology adoption studies. This survey applies the TOE framework and examines the influence of significant and most commonly known factors on Canadian firms’ intention to adopt the said emerging technologies. Findings Study results indicate that Canadian accounting professionals’ self-assessed knowledge (about these emerging technologies) is more theoretical than operational. Cloud computing is highly used by Canadian firms, while the use of other technologies, particularly blockchain and RPA, is reportedly low. However, firms’ intention about the future adoption of these technologies seems positive. Study results reveal that only the relative advantage and top management commitment are found to be significant considerations influencing the adoption intention. Research limitations/implications Study findings confirm some results presented in earlier studies but provide additional insights from a new perspective, that of accounting professionals in Canada. The first limitation relates to the respondents. Although accounting professionals provided valuable insights, their responses are personal views and do not necessarily represent the views of other professionals within the same firm or the official position of their accounting departments or firms. Therefore, the exclusion of diverse viewpoints from the same firm might have negatively impacted the results of this study. Second, this study sample is limited to Canada-based firms, which means that the study reflects only the situation in that country. Third, considering the research method and the limit on the number of questions the authors could ask, respondents were only asked to rate the impact of these five technologies on the accounting field and to clarify which technologies are used. Practical implications This study’s findings confirm that the organizational intention to adopt new technology is not primarily based on the characteristics of the technology. In the case of emerging technology adoption, the decision also depends upon other factors related to the internal organization. Furthermore, although this study found no support for the effect of environmental factors, it fills a gap in the literature by including the factor of vendor support, which has received little attention in prior information technology (IT)/ information system (IS) adoption research. Moreover, in contrast to most prior adoption studies, this study elaborates on accounting professionals’ experience and perceptions in investigating the organizational adoption and use of emerging technologies. Thus, the findings of this study are valuable, providing insights from a new perspective, that of professional accountants. Social implications The study findings may serve as a guide for researchers, practitioners, firms and other stakeholders, particularly technology providers, interested in learning about emerging technologies’ adoption and use in Canada and/or in a relevant context. Contrary to most prior adoption studies, this study elaborates on accounting professionals’ experience and perceptions in investigating the organizational adoption and use of emerging technologies. Thus, the findings of this study are valuable, providing insights from a new perspective, that of professional accountants. Originality/value The study provides insights into the said technologies’ actual adoption and improves the awareness of firms and stakeholders to the effect of some constructs that influence the adoption of these emerging technologies in accounting.

Intelligent Wearable Technologies for Workforce Safety in Built Environment Projects in South Africa

In a quest for the safe and sustainable delivery of built environment projects in South Africa, this study explored intelligent wearable technologies (IWTs). A post-positivism philosophical stance was adopted by surveying 165 built environment experts. The technology–organisation–environment (T–O–E) framework was also employed in understanding the critical factors influencing the use of IWTs in the study area. Data analyses used mean scores, the Kruskal–Wallis H-test, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling (SEM) with appropriate model fit indices. It was found that, albeit at a slow pace, IWTs such as smart safety vests embedded with indoor GPS/sensors, smartwatches, and smart safety helmets are gradually gaining popularity within the South African built environment. SEM revealed that while all the assessed T–O–E factors are important to the increased use of IWTs within the study area, the environment- and technology-related factors will significantly impact how individuals and organisations use these beneficial wearable technologies. This study contributes to the existing discourse on intelligent technologies for the safety of the built environment workforce from the South African perspective, where such studies have received less attention.

Determinants of corporate green innovation? A configuration analysis based on the TOE framework

ABSTRACT Green innovation (GI) is pivotal for enterprises aiming at green development. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the configurations that lead to high-level GI, especially considering the diversity among firms. Leveraging the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this study employs fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) on data from 1,293 listed Chinese enterprises spanning 2010–2021 to uncover the intricate paths towards achieving substantial GI. Our findings reveal distinct pathways for high-tech and non-high-tech enterprises, elucidating the nuanced interplay between internal capabilities and external incentives. Specifically, we identify five configurations for high-level GI in high-tech enterprises, epitomised by a ‘dual-wheel drive’ of government support and digital transformation underpinned by signal theory. In contrast, two configurations are discernible for non-high-tech enterprises, characterised by a synergistic ‘government and senior executive cooperation’ model grounded in resource-based theory. These insights culminate in two propositions regarding GI configuration, advocating for an outcome equivalence perspective. This research represents a pioneering exploration that connects firm heterogeneity with the configuration of internal and external conditions through lenses of ‘structure’ and ‘collaboration,’ offering novel pathways for green innovation across diverse enterprise landscapes.

Exploring paths underpinning the implementation of municipal waste sorting: Evidence from China

Urban residents' waste sorting plays a pivotal role in addressing the pressing challenge of the “waste siege” in China and is also closely associated with the quality of urban governance. We draw on the Technology–Organization–Environment framework to identify six key variables affecting municipal waste sorting in China: digital technology innovation, attention allocation, publicity and education, enforcement intensity, economic development level, and volunteer resources. Using the fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) method to analyze the effect of conditions on municipal waste sorting, the results show the following: 1) A single condition is insufficient to ensure high levels of municipal waste sorting. We propose that the “multiple concurrency” of technological, organizational, and environmental conditions creates diverse paths for promoting municipal waste sorting. 2) We then identify three paths for waste-sorting promotion, which all require technological, organizational, and environmental conditions. In addition, the two paths obtained for low levels of municipal waste sorting are not the opposite of those obtained for high levels. By observing the above five paths of waste sorting, we deduced that digital technology innovation is indispensable in driving waste sorting, and 3) Our cross-case comparisons show that there are effective paths to waste-sorting governance that work for cities regardless of their location or piloting. In some cases, high levels of attention allocation and high levels of publicity and education are substitutes for each other. We recommend that local governments refer to their own unique characteristics and resource endowments when tailoring waste-sorting strategies.

From silent spaces to smart spaces: Leveraging IoT-based innovative services to enhance library system performance using SEM approach

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a disruptive technology with enormous potential to alter various fields, including libraries. However, research on IoT uptake in libraries still needs to be more extensive, especially in Pakistan. This research aims to fill that vacuum by exploring the variables driving IoT uptake in Pakistani libraries and assessing its effect on library services. A quantitative approach was used, with data collected from Pakistani libraries using a survey technique. The poll specifically addressed librarians and administrators to understand their views on the IoT adoption advantages they see. We designed a theoretical framework combining the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) paradigm and adding two variables: digital transformation and innovativeness. A total of 341 responses were gathered, providing insightful data on the IoT adoption trends in Pakistan. The research examines the connections between numerous variables impacting IoT uptake in libraries using advanced statistical approaches like SmartPLS-based partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings reveal several vital factors influencing the adoption of IoT in Pakistani libraries. The study emphasizes the significance of solid management practices and the effective use of technology resources in facilitating the successful implementation of the Internet of Things and ensuring enhanced library services. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive perspective on IoT adoption in Pakistan. It addresses a considerable knowledge deficit regarding the implementation of IoT in libraries, concentrating specifically on the Pakistani view. The findings of this study are beneficial for library professionals, researchers, and policymakers, as they enable them to make informed decisions and drive successful IoT adoption initiatives in Pakistani libraries.

Exploring critical success factors for digital transformation in construction industry–based on TOE framework

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the critical success factors of digital transformation in the construction industry and identify whether the respondents' profiles influence their perceptions of critical success factors for digital transformation.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve the objectives, a literature review was first conducted based on technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework. Then a questionnaire survey was carried out. A total of 86 people were surveyed in this study, mainly from the construction industry. At the level of data processing, SPSS was used for analysis. Among the main tests used were the Shapiro–Wilk test, reliability analysis, mean rank analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test.FindingsThe study identified 15 critical success factors of digital transformation and found the three most important factors of digital transformation. Furthermore, respondents with different years of experience, enterprises with different sizes and different years made no difference in the perception of factors. Respondents' different occupations and types of enterprises created a bias in the perception of factors for digital transformation.Research limitations/implicationsFirstly, the small sample size of the questionnaire limits the reference value of data analysis for certain groups. In addition, this study focuses broadly on construction enterprises without specifically examining different types of enterprises, thus lacking depth in its findings.Practical implicationsThis study establishes a connection between TOE theory and the construction industry through an extensive literature review, identifying relevant factors and providing a reference for future research.Originality/valueThe study's results would enrich the research on digital transformation in the construction industry and provide a reference for the digital transformation of construction enterprises.

Examining the Influence of Artificial Intelligence Implementation in HRM Practices Using T-O-E Model

Given the swift progress of artificial intelligence in contemporary economies, HR managers are also adopting artificial intelligence tools to perform many HR tasks, from human resource planning to employee quitting. This research employs the TOE (Technology–Organization–Environment) model and incorporates the trust factor to propose a methodology for investigating artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in HRM. A structured questionnaire was used to survey 615 ITeS companies. Data analysis was performed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. The findings of this research indicate that factors such as cost-effectiveness, relative advantage, organization size, top management support, HR readiness, competitive pressure, vendor support, and the trust of HR managers are considered to have a positive impact on AI adoption in managing human resources. The utilization of AI in HRM has been cumbersome by conflicting results stemming from security and privacy concerns and the complexity of the technology involved. It is also found that factors such as reliability and credibility have a positive effect on the trust of HR managers. This article aims to provide valuable insights to senior executives, HR managers, experts, researchers, AI designers, developers, and marketers by strengthening their understanding of the impact of AI in managing human resources.

SEM-neural network analysis for mobile commerce adoption in Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises

PurposeUnderstanding the adoption of m-commerce in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is critical for their sustainable development. This study aims to investigate the adoption of m-commerce in Vietnamese SMEs, leading to the identification of the critical determinants and their relative importance for m-commerce adoption.Design/methodology/approachAn integrated model is developed by combining the diffusion of innovation theory and the technology–organization–environment framework. Such a model is then tested and validated using structural equation modeling and artificial neural networks in analyzing the survey data.FindingsThe study indicates that perceived security is the most critical determinant for m-commerce adoption. It further shows that customer pressure, perceived compatibility, organizational innovativeness, perceived benefits, managers’ IT knowledge, government support and organizational readiness all play a critical role in the adoption of m-commerce in Vietnamese SMEs.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can lead to the formulation of better strategies and policies for promoting the adoption of m-commerce in Vietnamese SMEs. Such findings are also of practical significance for the diffusion of m-commerce in SMEs in other developing countries.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to explore the adoption of m-commerce in Vietnamese SMEs using a hybrid approach. The application of this approach can lead to better understanding of the relative importance of the critical determinants for the adoption of m-commerce in Vietnamese SMEs.

Adopting Artificial Intelligence Technology for Network Operations in Digital Transformation

This study aims to define factors that affect Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology introduction to network operations and analyze the relative importance of such factors. Based on this analysis of critical factors, a rational decision-making framework is suggested to promote network operations with AI technology. As affecting factors were derived based on related previous studies, the study model was designed to consist of 22 attribute factors under 6 key factors: relative advantage, compatibility, top management support, organizational readiness, competitive pressure, and cooperative relation. The questionnaire was designed and analyzed using the Delphi method and Analytics Hierarchy Process (AHP) method based on the Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) framework. To collect data, a survey was conducted among 30 experts in network operations and AI. The importance of attribute factors was in the order of ‘goals and strategies’, ‘commitment of resources’, ‘leadership competency’, ‘financial readiness’, and ‘technology readiness’. As the importance of factors was analyzed comparatively between the demander group and provider group, organizational factors were important in the demander group. In contrast, technological factors were important in the provider group. In conclusion, there was a difference in perspectives between demanders and providers regarding adopting AI technology to network operations.

THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TOURISM MARKETING STRATEGIES AND THE ROLE OF DIGITALIZATION

Natia Surmanidze E-mail: n.surmanidze@ug.edu.ge PhD in Economics, The University of Georgia Tbilisi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2116-6571 Sopiko Tevdoradze E-mail: Sofo.tevdoradze@giu.edu.ge PhD in Business Administration Georgian International University (GIU) Tbilisi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-051X0000-0002-1668-051X Zurab Mushkudiani E-mail: Zurab.mushkudiani@giu.edu.ge PhD in Business Administration Georgian International University (GIU) Tbilisi, Georgia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0987-3564 Abstract: This research explores how the global COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented obstacles for the tourist business, which have led to rapid changes in its landscape. Specifically, it looks at how tourism organizations have adopted technology and changed their marketing methods. The study examines the complex links between technology adoption, organizational dynamics, and external environmental factors using the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) paradigm as a conceptual lens. The research posits and empirically tests four hypotheses: (1) the pandemic significantly influences a shift from classical to digital marketing strategies, (2) organizational dynamics play a crucial role in the successful integration of digitization efforts, (3) external environmental factors, particularly the pandemic, shape the urgency and nature of digitization strategies, and (4) effective analysis of various indicators, feedback mechanisms, and sales metrics significantly contributes to the success of digital marketing strategies. In order to obtain valuable insights, the study uses statistical techniques such as logistic regression, multiple regression analysis, correlation evaluation, Chi-Square tests, and logistic regression that were carefully designed and distributed to eighteen tourism companies affiliated with Georgia's national tourism agency. Results highlight the paradigm shift towards digital marketing brought about by the pandemic, the critical role played by organizational dynamics, the impact of external environmental factors, and the critical importance of data-driven analysis in augmenting the effectiveness of digital marketing in the tourism industry. In order to help stakeholders in the tourism industry navigate the possibilities and difficulties provided by the post-pandemic digitally altered landscape, this research adds a nuanced understanding of the complex dynamics surrounding technology adoption, digital strategies, and organizational responses. Keywords: Tourism digitization; COVID-19 impact; Digital marketing strategies; Organizational dynamics; Technology-Organization-Environment framework. JEL classification: L83, Q55, O33

The Influence of Technological Factors on Adoption E-Commerce in SME: The Role of Trust

ABSTRACT Electronic commerce (e-commerce) plays an essential role in developing and growing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, prior studies found inconsistent results, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more research to gain insight into this research field. Thus, this study aims to identify the impact of technological factors in the adoption of e-commerce based on the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, Diffusion of Innovation theory (DOI) theory, and the role of Trust (TR) in the relationship between technological factors and e-commerce adoption. A survey of 378 Iraqi SMEs was validated and tested using PLS-SEM. The findings of the study indicate that Relative Advantage (RA), Compatibility (COM), Social Media Networks (SMNs), and E-Payment Systems (EPs) significantly influence e-commerce adoption. Trust also plays a moderation effect with relative advantage, social media networks, and e-payment systems. This study contributes to identifying the technological factors affecting ensuring a correct path for adopting e-commerce in Iraqi SMEs and filling the gap by contributing to the e-commerce literature.

Influential factors in the adoption of clinical decision support systems in hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies

PurposeAdoption of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) is a crucial step towards the digital transition of the healthcare sector. This review aims to determine and synthesise the influential factors in CDSS adoption in inpatient healthcare settings in order to grasp an understanding of the phenomenon and identify future research gaps.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature search of five databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus) was conducted between January 2010 and June 2023. The search strategy was a combination of the following keywords and their synonyms: clinical decision support, hospital or secondary care and influential factors. The quality of studies was evaluated against a 40-point rating scale.FindingsThirteen papers were systematically reviewed and synthesised and deductively classified into three main constructs of the Technology–Organisation–Environment theory. Scarcity of papers investigating CDSS adoption and its challenges, especially in developing countries, was evident.Practical implicationsThis study offers a summative account of challenges in the CDSS procurement process. Strategies to help adopters proactively address the challenges are: (1) Hospital leaders need a clear digital strategy aligned with stakeholders' consensus; (2) Developing modular IT solutions and conducting situational analysis to achieve IT goals; and (3) Government policies, accreditation standards and procurement guidelines play a crucial role in navigating the complex CDSS market.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first review to address the adoption and procurement of CDSS. Previous literature only addressed challenges and facilitators within the implementation and post-implementation stages. This study focuses on the firm-level adoption phase of CDSS technology with a theory refining lens.