Protection Technology Research Articles

The role of AI-enabled health systems in the Jordanian context: the case ofdigital contact tracing apps.

Digital health or digital healthcare, is a broad, multidisciplinary concept that includes concepts from an intersection between technology and healthcare. Digital health applies digital transformation to the healthcare field, incorporating software, hardware and services. The usefulness of digital health technologies such as digital contact tracing apps (CTAs) depends deeply on the acceptance to use them. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to explore the usage of CTAs by integrating the protection motivation theory (PMT) and technology acceptance model (TAM) in the Jordanian context. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was employed to test empirically the integrated research model against data collected from 420 respondents, leading to the identification of the important determinants for the usage of CTAs. The results reveal that perceived severity and perceived vulnerability have a significant positive impact on the perceived need for CTAs, which, in turn, affects the individuals' intention to use CTAs. It also reveals that perceived trust in government, perceived privacy and perceived usefulness have a significant positive impact on individuals' intention to use CTAs, which, in turn, affects the usage of CTAs. In contrast, perceived ease of use did not find any significant relationship, and hence hypothesis H7 was not supported. Lastly, social media awareness has a significant positive impact on perceived usefulness and ease of use. This study is considered among the first studies in the Jordanian context that integrate the PMT and TAM to gain a better understanding of the critical determinants for the acceptance and usage of CTAs in the context of pandemics.

Damage Mechanism of Deep Coalbed Methane Reservoir and Novel Anti-Waterblocking Protection Technology

Coalbed Methane (CBM) accounts for about 5% of China’s domestic gas supply, which has been regarded as one of the most promising energies for alleviating the energy supply–demand imbalance. Deep CBM reservoirs have the characteristics of low permeability, low porosity, and low water saturation, which easily experience reservoir damage during the drilling process, further affecting the gas productivity. Based on the analysis of coal mineral composition, pore structure distribution, and the surface micromorphology change in coal surface before and after hydration, a possible mechanism for CBM formation damage was revealed. It was found that the damage caused by drilling fluid intrusion can be divided into three stages: stripping, migration, and plugging. Based on the water-sensitive, acid-sensitive, and stress-sensitive evaluation tests, a novel anti-waterblocking agent with both wettability alteration and surface tension reduction was developed; then a reservoir protection drilling fluid for deep coal formation in Daning-Jixian block was constructed; then the reservoir protection performance of drilling fluid was evaluated. The results show that as the concentration of the anti-waterblocking agent FSS increases from 0% to 1%, the surface tension of the water phase is significantly reduced from 72.15 mN/m to 26.58 mN/m, while the maximum contact angle of water on the surface reaches 117°. This enhancement in wettability leads to an improvement in the permeability recovery rate from 56.6% to 80.0%, indicating a substantial reduction in waterblocking effects and better fluid mobility within the reservoir. These findings highlight the efficacy of FSS in mitigating formation damage and optimizing gas production in coalbed methane reservoirs. The drilling fluid has good wettability alteration, inhibition, and sealing performance, which is of great significance for protecting gas well productivity.

Facile synthesis and microwave absorption capabilities of hierarchical porous BN@C composites

With the rapid advancement of electronic information technology, the issue of electromagnetic radiation has become increasingly severe. It is urgent to develop high efficiency microwave absorber with excellent microwave absorbing performance. The construction of complex and diversified hierarchical porous structure is regarded as a promising way to enhance electromagnetic wave absorption. In this study, leveraging the porous architecture of melamine foam, a BN@C composite material featuring a hierarchical pore structure comprising larger and smaller pores, both residing in the micrometer regime, was synthesized via a high-temperature-assisted sol-gel method, using polyvinyl alcohol as the carbon precursor and boron nitride (BN) as the filler. By optimizing the molar ratio of raw materials, BN@C composites exhibiting superior microwave absorption performance were successfully obtained. When the matching thickness was set at 2.5mm and 1.5mm, respectively, the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) reached -29.12dB, and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) was 5.44GHz, demonstrating a broad application prospect in the realm of microwave absorption. This research not only provides novel insights into enhancing the microwave absorption capabilities of carbon-based materials but also lays a material foundation for the development of electromagnetic radiation protection and stealth technologies.

Ablation behavior of medium entropy carbide ceramics with different molar ratios of (Hf, Zr, Ti)C in oxyacetylene flame

(Hf1/3Zr1/3Ti1/3)C and (Hf1/2Zr1/3Ti1/6)C middle-entropy carbide ceramics were successfully prepared using polymer-derived ceramic method. The study examines the microstructural evolution, phase composition changes, and ablation behavior of these two ceramic materials when subjected to an oxyacetylene flame at varying heat fluxes. The experimental results indicate that at a heat flux of 5 MW/m2, the mass and linear ablation rates of (Hf1/3Zr1/3Ti1/3)C ceramic are -0.837 mg/s and 1.857 μm/s, respectively. In contrast, (Hf1/2Zr1/3Ti1/6)C ceramic exhibits significantly superior ablation resistance, with rates of -0.315 mg/s and -0.745 μm/s. This underscores the critical role of compositional adjustments in enhancing the ablation performance of the ceramic. During ablation, (Hf1/2Zr1/3Ti1/6)C forms an optimal amount of (Hf, Zr)TiO4 healing phase, which contributes to the development of a stable oxide film consisting of an m-(Hf, Zr, Ti)O2 oxide skeleton and a (Hf, Zr)TiO4 liquid phase. This structure effectively resists high-velocity airflow erosion and oxygen penetration. Additionally, the formation of a carbonaceous oxide interlayer strengthens the bond between the oxide layer and the carbide matrix, further improving the material's ablation resistance. The study highlights the significant influence of compositional ratio control on the ablation behavior and mechanisms of carbide ceramics, providing a robust foundation for their application in high-temperature thermal protection technologies.

F-doped Cu-Fe Oxide nanosheets for effective electrocatalytic reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia

The electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to ammonia (NH3) (NO3RR) is a promising technology for both ammonia production and environmental protection. However, this reduction reaction involves multi-step electron and proton transfer steps, limiting the high-rate ammonia synthesis, so the efficient electrocatalysts for NO3RR are critical to alleviate this process. Herein, F-doped Cu-Fe oxide nanosheets were prepared on copper foam (F-Cu/Fe-Cu-600) and further applied as the electrocatalyst for NO3RR. This F-Cu/Fe-Cu-600 material exhibited excellent NO3RR activity at a low nitrate concentration, including an ammonia yield rate of 465 μmol h-1 cm-2 and a remarkable selectivity with a Faraday efficiency for ammonia up to 91 %. Electrochemical evaluation and kinetic studies revealed that the Cu-Fe synergistic effect improved the adsorption of NO3- and NO2- hydrogenation steps during NO3RR. Moreover, the doped F atoms modified the morphology of Cu Foam, which could promote electron transfer. Therefore, the oxides and hetero-atom in this work achieved a high activity and selectivity in NO3RR, providing insightful guidance to engineer electrocatalysts for nitrate reduction and ammonia production.

Risk Management as Element of Economic Security in Companies Working with Digital Technologies

The article shows the essence of economic security and identifies its key elements, the general classification of threats to economic security is provided. Special attention is paid to information security as a key component of economic security in IT companies. The authors study the notion of digital infrastructure in the company and highlight key threats to information security and ways of its provision. The researchers focus on necessity to use complex and systemic approaches to providing information security. Principle methods of providing information security were analyzed, including legal, technical and organizational. At the same time advanced technologies of information protection were mentioned, such as blockchain, big data, artificial intellect, computer learning, and neuron nets.

Deep Learning-Based Information Security

Abstract. With the rapid development of network technology, information security is facing increasingly complex challenges. Deep learning technology, due to its strong capabilities in data processing and pattern recognition, has become a key technology to improve the detection efficiency and accuracy in the field of information security. This paper delves into the application of deep learning in various aspects such as malware detection, network intrusion identification, User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA), privacy protection technology, model explainability, and network security vulnerability detection, and proposes deep learning-based information security methods. Through experimental validation, our methods have outperformed traditional machine learning models in multiple evaluation metrics, providing new solutions for the field of information security. In the future, we will continue to explore new applications of deep learning in the field of information security to cope with the ever-changing network security threats.

Deep Fuzzy Control-Based Network Blockchain Privacy Data Protection

Data protection is becoming more and more popular as a result of the ongoing growth of technologies like the Internet of Things and cloud computing. To better support this development, an increasing number of academics are delving further into the topic. The field of privacy protection technologies in the big data environment has steadily gained attention as data security measures have been expanded. Besides that, there are additional difficulties in safeguarding the privacy of various parties when it comes to data protection because data is frequently maintained by multiple parties. In this paper, we propose a network block chain privacy data protection scheme using depth fuzzy control. We achieve confidentiality of protected data by utilizing blockchain technology and deep fuzzy control algorithms. The deep fuzzy control method can be used in the aforementioned scheme to safeguard trading information while also enabling the interchange of protection data. Ultimately, the experiment is conducted in the context of cloud storage, and the findings validate the efficacy of the program.

Preparation of ester-modified nano-SiO2/silicate coatings and its application in the impermeability of concrete

Surface treatment protective technology is a cost-effective approach to prevent harmful ions from infiltrating concrete, avoiding the deterioration of performance and increasing longevity. Here, a novel coupling agent with ester group (MA-KH-550) is synthesized from γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH-550) and methyl acrylate (MA) to modify nano-SiO2 particles. Subsequently, the ester-modified nano-SiO2 can be successfully dispersed in alkaline composite silicate solutions to fabricate nano-SiO2/silicate coatings, improving the impermeability of concrete. The incorporation of nano-SiO2 particles can fill microscopic pores in cementitious materials, which improves the compactness of the concrete. Furthermore, nano-SiO2 particles can also accelerate secondary hydration of cement and synergistically generate more calcium silicate hydrate gel with silicates to further boost the compactness of the concrete. High-compactness coatings reduce the penetration of the medium, thereby enhancing the impermeability performance of the concrete. When the nano-SiO2 particle content is 1.0 wt%, the optimal performance of concrete is achieved. Compared with the original C30 concrete, the C30 concrete treated with the nano-SiO2/composite silicate (nano-SiO2/CSC) shows a 31.1 % decrease in chloride ion resistance, a 35.5 % reduction in carbonization resistance, a loss rate of 1.08 % for anti-freezing quality. This work charts a new course for designing and developing high-performance composite silicate coatings for concrete.

Effect of CuSO4 content and pH on the mechanical properties and antibacterial ability of copper-plated cement-based material

Microbial induced concrete corrosion (MICC) is the main deterioration mode of concrete corrosion in concrete wastewater transportation system. Protective coating is one of the commonly used microbial corrosion protection technologies for concrete. In this study, the effects of CuSO4 concentration and pH value of electroless plating solution on the preparation of copper-plated hardened cement paste (HCP) were investigated, and the antibacterial properties of HCP surface were optimized by electroless copper plating. The main components of the coating were copper and its oxide particles. When HCP was plated at the CuSO4 concentration of 10 g/L, the copper coating with high mass gain (0.3 %) and Vickers hardness (212.0 HV) was obtained. In addition, cubic copper structure constituted a compact copper coating HCP. The plating solution with pH of 9 was helpful to obtain the best quality gain and Vickers hardness of the coating. The microscopic morphology analysis showed that the coating had a relatively dense structure. Besides, antibacterial test indicated that copper-plated HCP had a significant improvement in antibacterial performance.

Optimization of crop tissue culture technology and its impact on biomolecular characteristics

Modern agriculture relies on crop tissue culture technology for fast propagation, genetic improvement, and protection of plant species. Conventional media like Murashige and Skoog (MS) usually lack optimal conditions for embryogenesis, necessitating the development of improved media tailored to specific crop requirements. In this article, we introduce an Efficient Grid Identified-Deep Feedforward Neurons (EGI-DFFN) to identify the ideal nutrient and vitamin levels of the crop plants for improving crop tissue culture aimed to improve crop plant growth in a lab setting by predicting callogenesis rate (CGR), embryogenesis rate (EGR), and somatic embryo number (SEN), shoot regeneration rate (SRR), rooting rate (RR).Different concentrations of ionic macronutrients, bio-molecular, and vitamins of the crop plant are the input to the predictive model, which is collected through the laboratory Callus Induction Experiment (CIE). Z-score normalization is used to preprocessing the CIE data to ensure consistent scales across different input features and improve model training performance. DFFN used discriminates to predict complex relationships and interactions between CGR, EGR, SEN, SRR, and RR with EGI tuning. The EGI-DFFN model has significantly improved crop tissue culture growth by accurately predicting the CGR, EGR, SEN, SRR, and RR respectively. The EGI-DFFN model enhances understanding of how ionic macronutrients and vitamins impact plant growth. It identifies optimal concentrations of the biomolecular to enhance somatic embryo formation and plantlet development, providing insights for optimizing crop tissue culture conditions for optimal growth outcomes.

Cottonseed proteins from meals with high yield for plasticizer-free biofilms with good mechanical properties

We report a green, non-destructive, and highly effective extraction, dissolution, film casting and solidification technology for cottonseed proteins from cottonseed meals. Although cottonseed meals are protein-rich, with about 40 % of proteins, they are cheap with a price 20 % to 50 % lower than soybean meals due to their poor performance as feed and bioplastics and due to the limited efforts from the academia and industries. Our green and protective protein extraction technology provided an extraction yield of 89 % and purity of 92 % with minimal destruction to the protein backbones, better than those reported previously. Our green dissolution/casting technology provided proteins with maximized unfolding and entanglement. When cottonseed proteins were solidified to form bioplastics, our technology also enabled substantial recovery of cystine crosslinkages between protein molecules to maximize the properties of the final products. Using our technologies, cottonseed protein films from cottonseed meals have toughness higher than what have been reported in literature without adding plasticizers or reinforcement materials, therefore better property stability or shelf life. Our technology is also cost-effective and can potentially add values to the cotton industry.

Research on detection and protection technology of DC residual current

Abstract To realize that the residual current device can accurately and quickly detect the fault when the fluctuating DC residual current occurs in the system and improve the system’s safety, a DC residual current detection and protection method based on VMD was proposed. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) was used to optimize the penalty factor and the number of decomposition layers of VMD. The minimum envelope entropy of the residual current signal is used as the fitness function to obtain the optimal combination. The criterion of fault occurrence is established based on the optimal modal component mutation characteristic of the residual current decomposed by VMD. Experiments show that this method can identify faults quickly and effectively when pulsating DC residual current is generated in the system.

Cyber Security of Smart-Grid Frequency Control: A Review and Vulnerability Assessment Framework

Smart grid involves application of information and communication technology (ICT) for monitoring, protection, operation and control of interconnected power systems under various scenarios. Smart grid control (SGC) is an important aspect that is constantly subjected to various vulnerabilities, threats and attacks under central and distributed control architectures. Cybersecurity of SGC, especially, load frequency control (LFC), is an important issue that is addressed in this article. The state-of-the-art in cybersecurity and attacks on SGC and intensive literature review is discussed with a comprehensive list of references on LFC. The authors present a part of their own work carried out on a systematic vulnerability assessment (VA) framework that can be used to identify weak points in the LFC system. The proposed methodology is explained for VA of the standard 39-bus New England test system and the 96-bus reliability test system (RTS) to illustrate the concept of cybersecurity and VA of smart grid LFC.

Enhanced physical, optical and radiation shielding properties of tungsten modified potassium boro-tellurite glass systems: Theoretical approach

Boro-tellurite glasses in the (70-x) B2O3–5TeO2–10Bi2O3–10SrCO3–5K2CO3-xWO3 system, with varying WO3 content (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mol %), were synthesized using the melt quenching technique. The effectiveness of radiation protection was assessed using the Phy-X/PSD tool across a broad energy spectrum ranging from 15 keV to 15 MeV. The results indicated that the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) values increased proportionally with the concentration of WO₃ in the glass samples. At approximately 0.015 MeV, the MAC reached its maximum for all glass compositions, ranging from 45.822 g cm−2 for BW1 to 51.258 g cm−2 for BW5. However, beyond 15 keV, a notable decrease in MAC values was observed, primarily attributed to the dominance of photoelectric interactions at lower energy levels. Furthermore, the effective atomic number (Zeff) ranged from 64.08 to 65.44, with a peak observed at 15 keV. Beyond this energy, the Zeff values for all the produced glass samples showed a marked decrease as the energy of gamma photons increased, mirroring the trend observed in the MAC values. Conversely, the half-value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) exhibited a consistent reduction. A comparative analysis of the MFP of the glass samples with other shielding materials demonstrated that the BW5 glass exhibited superior performance at 1.50 MeV. These findings highlight the potential of the BW5 glass sample for radiation shielding applications, which has the highest WO₃ content and density, positioning it as a promising material for future radiation protection technologies.

Progress in Corrosion and Protection Research in Offshore Petroleum Engineering

This paper summarizes the latest research progress on the corrosion of concrete structures in marine engineering and its protection technology. The article firstly emphasizes the influence of seawater on the performance of concrete engineering, and then discusses the application of composite corrosion inhibitors in the marine environment. The composite corrosion inhibitor significantly reduces the corrosion rate by simultaneously inhibiting the anodic and cathodic reactions and forming a protective hydrophobic film on the metal surface. The article describes in detail the classification of corrosion inhibitors, including adsorption or film-forming inhibitors with polar hydrophobic groups such as N, S, and -OH, as well as migratory corrosion inhibitors (MCIs) that diffuse through the pores of the concrete to the surface of the reinforcement bar to form a protective film. The article also discusses the performance evaluation criteria of corrosion inhibitors, including the electrochemical performance of saltwater impregnation, the performance of dry-wet cold-heat cycles, and the performance of resistance to Cl- penetration, etc., and lists the relevant national standards and test methods. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature at home and abroad in recent years, the article points out that composite corrosion inhibitors show great potential in improving the durability of marine concrete structures, but the long-term stability and compatibility with different concrete types still need to be further studied. Future research should focus on developing more efficient and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors and expanding their application in marine engineering to meet the increasingly severe challenges of marine corrosion. At the same time, a comprehensive evaluation of the longevity, economy and environmental friendliness of corrosion inhibitors is also an important direction for future research.

Investigating Electromagnetic Interference Induced Risks for Autonomous Driving

Abstract. The results of immunity tests on components of self-driving automobiles to radiated high power electromagnetic (HPEM) pulses are presented in this work. It is of particular interest to investigate such automobiles' resilience towards deliberate attacks with electromagnetic interference (EMI). Different types of HPEM capabilities at the Bundeswehr Research Institute for Protective Technologies and CBRN Protection (WIS) in Munster are applied for this investigation. Two types of automotive components have been tested, a two-axis acceleration sensor and an electronic power steering unit. Statistics of errors from the devices under test (DUTs), as well as a characterization of the applied pulses are presented. A correlation can be drawn between the pulse repetition rate or the amplitude of the applied pulses and the severity of the effect on the DUTs.

Antimicrobial surface coating in the emergency department as protective technology for infection control (ASEPTIC): a pilot randomized controlled trial

Study objectiveWe examined the effectiveness of an antimicrobial surface coating for continual disinfection of high touch-frequency surfaces in the emergency department (ED).MethodsFollowing a preliminary observation identifying stretcher rails as the surface with highest touch-frequency in the ED, we conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial involving 96 stretcher rails. The stretchers were randomized to receive an antimicrobial surface coating or placebo coating. Routine cleaning of stretchers subsequently continued as per hospital protocol in both arms. Sampling for total aerobic, gram-positive halophilic, gram-negative and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was performed pre- and post-treatment at 24 h, 7 days and 180 days. Individuals who applied the coating and outcome assessors were blinded to the allocated arms. The primary outcome is contamination of antimicrobial versus placebo rails measured as colony forming units per cm2(CFU/cm2).ResultsBaseline total aerobic bacteria was comparable between placebo and intervention arms (0.84 versus 1.32 CFU/cm2, P = 0.235). Total aerobic bacteria contamination was significantly lower on antimicrobial versus placebo rails at 24 h (0.61 versus 1.01 CFU/cm2, median difference 0.40 CFU/cm2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01 to 1.01 CFU/cm2). There was a non-statistically significant tendency for contamination to be lower on antimicrobial versus placebo rails at 7 days (1.15 versus 1.50 CFU/cm2, median difference 0.35 CFU/cm2, 95% CI -0.64 to 1.28 CFU/cm2), but higher at 180 days (2.06 versus 1.84 CFU/cm2, median difference − 0.22 CFU/cm2, 95% CI -1.19 to 0.78 CFU/cm2).ConclusionThis is the first double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial to evaluate an antimicrobial surface coating on high touch-frequency surfaces in the emergency department. Total aerobic bacteria found on antimicrobial-coated patient transport stretcher rails was significantly lower than placebo rails at 24 h.

Research on Privacy Protection and Security Technology of New Media Big Data Platforms

Research on Privacy Protection and Security Technology of New Media Big Data Platforms

Demographic challenges in the context of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of maternity and childhood protection

The article examines current demographic trends in Russia in comparison with population changes based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat) and the UN Population Division. The specifi cs of the age structure of the population of Russia, formed by a number of demographic waves, are such that changes in the number of births and the size of age groups occur in waves; this trend will continue in the coming decades. The state policy of the Russian Federation in the fi eld of family support, aimed at increasing the total fertility rate from 1.3 to 1.6 by 2030 and to 1.8 by 2036, should provide for the introduction of new health-preserving and reproductive health protection technologies, the development of childhood infrastructure, antenatal clinics and perinatal centers for high-quality and aff ordable medical care for mothers and children.