Technology Mapping Research Articles

Multi-Level Sum of Product (SOP) Network Power Optimization Based on Switching Graph

The article presents the methodology of optimization of technology mapping of a multi-output function implemented in the form of sum of product (SOP) networks. The optimization is based on the concept of reducing the switching activity of combinational circuits. The aim of reducing network switching is to limit the consumption of dynamic power. Since dynamic power is one of the components of the total power consumed by digital systems, this leads to an optimization focused on the energy efficiency of digital systems. The basis of the proposed method is the technology mapping using a modified output graph describing the result of minimizing the multi-output function. The modified output graph, in terms of parameters associated with dynamic power, is defined as a switching graph. It was assumed that the key parameter associated with dynamic power is the switching activity of individual nodes of the logic network. The article presents elements of switching graph optimization which lead to the improvement of parameters associated with the dynamic power of the circuit. The essence of the proposed optimization methods is the appropriate movement of products and connections occurring in the logic network. Reducing the number of logic network vertices is also extremely important. The effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by the results of experiments performed on selected benchmarks. A significant reduction in the total value of switching activity was obtained for the optimized structures.

Energy Aware Technology Mapping of Genetic Logic Circuits.

Energy and its dissipation are fundamental to all living systems, including cells. Insufficient abundance of energy carriers─as caused by the additional burden of artificial genetic circuits─shifts a cell's priority to survival, also impairing the functionality of the genetic circuit. Moreover, recent works have shown the importance of energy expenditure in information transmission. Despite living organisms being non-equilibrium systems, non-equilibrium models capable of accounting for energy dissipation and non-equilibrium response curves are not yet employed in genetic design automation (GDA) software. To this end, we introduce Energy Aware Technology Mapping, the automated design of genetic logic circuits with respect to energy efficiency and functionality. The basis for this is an energy aware non-equilibrium steady state model of gene expression, capturing characteristics like energy dissipation─which we link to the entropy production rate─and transcriptional bursting, relevant to eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. Our evaluation shows that a genetic logic circuit's functional performance and energy efficiency are disjoint optimization goals. For our benchmark, energy efficiency improves by 37.2% on average when comparing to functionally optimized variants. We discover a linear increase in energy expenditure and overall protein expression with the circuit size, where Energy Aware Technology Mapping allows for designing genetic logic circuits with the energetic costs of circuits that are one to two gates smaller. Structural variants improve this further, while results show the Pareto dominance among structures of a single Boolean function. By incorporating energy demand into the design, Energy Aware Technology Mapping enables energy efficiency by design. This extends current GDA tools and complements approaches coping with burden in vivo.

An analysis of the clinical significance of the TKI-resistant gene ZNF687 for hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Novel treatments such as monotherapy and combined immunotherapy significantly extend overall survival (OS) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, but HCC is susceptible to treatment resistance during long-term therapy. The resistance mechanism to targeted drugs in HCC remains ambiguous, making research on HCC drug resistance targets crucial for the development of precision medicine. To investigate the transcriptional features, biological functions and potential clinical value of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant gene ZNF687 in HCC. The TKI-resistant genes of HCC were identified using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) in vitro screening. Then, the dependence of HCC cell lines on ZNF687 was investigated in silico. We collected global mRNA datasets of HCC tissue, integrated the mRNA expression characteristics of ZNF687 in HCC and explored the impact of ZNF687 on HCC patient prognoses using the Kaplan-Meier method (in silico). The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analyses were then conducted, and a connectivity map and molecular docking technology were applied to find the underlying agent opposing ZNF687. In vitro, the guide RNA corresponding to ZNF687 was weakly detected in HCC cells, and ZNF687 deficiency was found to inhibit growth in HCC cell lines. ZNF687 mRNA was overexpressed and had a high discriminatory ability for HCC in 2,975 HCC samples, contrasting with 2,340 non-HCC samples. Moreover, an excessive ZNF687 transcript level was related to a worse overall survival (OS) prognosis. Histone modification, spliceosome, transcription coregulator activity, and nucleocytoplasmic transport were the most significant pathways for ZNF687 differential-related gene enrichment. Chaetocin was found to be a candidate compound and presented a strong affinity to ZNF687. ZNF687 represents a TKI-resistant and growth-dependent gene for HCC, the overexpression of which indicates poor OS for HCC patients. Additionally, ZNF687 is expected to be a druggable target for overcoming TKI resistance, and chaetocin may be a candidate therapeutic compound for ZNF687.

Layout optimization of pore microstructure in fluid-saturated porous media using Galerkin decoupling technology and independent continuous mapping method (GDT-ICM)

A layout optimal design method combining Galerkin decoupling technology and independent continuous mapping method (GDT-ICM) is proposed to rearrange the layout of pore microstructure. Firstly, the Galerkin decoupling technology (GDT) is employed to solve the Brinkman equation for fluid flow in fluid-saturated porous media, which integrates the Stokes equation and Darcy's law. Within this framework a self-programmable element balance equation is developed. Secondly, a permeability interpolation function is defined for each element, incorporating the permeability of the fluid and pore microstructure. This function distinguishes strictly between the fluid domain and the pore domain. Pore microstructures with arbitrary shape including permeability information are established in an Euler mesh by introducing the Carman-Kozeny equation, shape functions, the Joukowski mapping and filter functions (the modified arctan mapping function and the ‘inpolygon’ function) based on the ICM method. Thirdly, a layout optimization model aiming at minimizing energy dissipation is established to accomplish the optimal distribution of pore microstructures. A sensitivity analysis is calculated with respect to design variables and the optimal model is solved by a genetic algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and feasible in 2D-space. The maximum velocity within the fluid field is reduced by 45%, and the issue of localized high pressure occurring around the pore is solved. This paper provides guidance for solving the Brinkman coupled equation and the layout optimization of the microstructure in porous media.

Energy Aware Technology Mapping of Genetic Logic Circuits.

Energy and its dissipation are fundamental to all living systems, including cells. Insufficient abundance of energy carriers -as caused by the additional burden of artificial genetic circuits- shifts a cell's priority to survival, also impairing the functionality of the genetic circuit. Moreover, recent works have shown the importance of energy expenditure in information transmission. Despite living organisms being non-equilibrium systems, non-equilibrium models capable of accounting for energy dissipation and non-equilibrium response curves are not yet employed in genetic design automation (GDA) software. To this end, we introduce Energy Aware Technology Mapping, the automated design of genetic logic circuits with respect to energy efficiency and functionality. The basis for this is an energy aware non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) model of gene expression, capturing characteristics like energy dissipation -which we link to the entropy production rate- and transcriptional bursting, relevant to eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. Our evaluation shows that a genetic logic circuit's functional performance and energy efficiency are disjoint optimization goals. For our benchmark, energy efficiency improves by 37.2% on average when comparing to functionally optimized variants. We discover a linear increase in energy expenditure and overall protein expression with the circuit size, where Energy Aware Technology Mapping allows for designing genetic logic circuits with the energy efficiency of circuits that are one to two gates smaller. Structural variants improve this further, while results show the Pareto dominance among structures of a single Boolean function. By incorporating energy demand into the design, Energy Aware Technology Mapping enables energy efficiency by design. This extends current GDA tools and complements approaches coping with burden in vivo.

AiMap+: Guiding Technology Mapping for ASICs via Learning Delay Prediction

AiMap+: Guiding Technology Mapping for ASICs via Learning Delay Prediction

Mapping the Landscape of VFX and AI: A PRISMA-guided Systematic Review

Objective: This systematic literature review aims to comprehensively synthesize existing evidence on Visual Effects (VFX) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The primary objective is to map the landscape of VFX and AI, examining the historical development of VFX techniques and practices in the context of AI advancements. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a thorough search of five electronic databases—IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Taylor & Francis Online, ACM Digital Library, and ScienceDirect—was conducted to identify articles published up to April 18, 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed English-language journal articles. Independent reviewers screened articles for eligibility, resolving discrepancies through consensus. Data extraction and synthesis were performed systematically. Results: A total of 41 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. These studies covered a wide range of topics related to VFX and AI, with various study designs. The findings are presented in a narrative synthesis. Discussion: The review indicates that AI development in VFX is comprehensive, covering topics such as image processing, inpainting, video processing, 3D modelling, rendering, deepfake technology, style transfer, tracking, animation, simulation, rigging, texture compression, and depth map enhancement. These advancements highlight the transformative role of AI in enhancing creative expression, production efficiency, and the quality of visual effects. Conclusion: This systematic literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on AI and VFX. The integration of AI into VFX is profoundly transforming the industry, enhancing creative expression, production efficiency, and the quality of visual effects. Continued advancements in AI technologies promise to further revolutionize VFX practices, offering new possibilities and efficiencies for future productions.

Timing-Driven Technology Mapping Approximation Based on Reinforcement Learning

Timing-Driven Technology Mapping Approximation Based on Reinforcement Learning

Network-Architecture-Aware Multiplexer Decomposition for Technology Mapping

Network-Architecture-Aware Multiplexer Decomposition for Technology Mapping

Transdermal delivery of bisphosphonates using dissolving and hydrogel-forming microarray patches: Potential for enhanced treatment of osteoporosis

As of 2023, more than 200 million people worldwide are living with osteoporosis. Oral bisphosphonates (BPs) are the primary treatment but can cause gastrointestinal (GI) side effects, reducing patient compliance. Microarray (MAP) technology has the potential to overcome GI irritation by facilitating the transdermal delivery of BPs. This study examines the delivery of alendronic acid (ALN) and risedronate sodium (RDN) using dissolving and hydrogel-forming MAPs for osteoporosis treatment. In vivo testing on osteoporotic female Sprague Dawley rats demonstrated the efficacy of MAPs, showing significant improvements in mean serum and bone alkaline phosphatase levels, bone volume, and porosity compared to untreated bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) controls. Specifically, MAP treatment increased mean bone volume to 55.04 ± 2.25 % versus 47.16 ± 1.71 % in OVX controls and reduced porosity to 44.30 ± 2.97 % versus 52.84 ± 1.70 % in the distal epiphysis of the femur. In the distal metaphysis, bone volume increased to 43.32 ± 3.24 % in MAP-treated rats compared to 24.31 ± 3.21 % in OVX controls, while porosity decreased to 55.39 ± 5.81 % versus 75.69 ± 3.21 % in OVX controls. This proof-of-concept study indicates that MAP technology has the potential to be a novel, patient-friendly alternative for weekly osteoporosis management.

Chromosome-level genome assembly and annotation of the Spinibarbus caldwelli

Spinibarbus caldwelli is an important freshwater economic fish in China. Owing to uncontrolled fishing, wild resources of S. caldwelli have decreased rapidly and may be on the verge of extinction. In this study, utilizing single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology and chromatin interaction mapping (Hi-C) technologies, we assembled the first chromosome-scale genome for S. caldwelli about 1.77 Gb in size, with a contig N50 length of 11.83 Mb and scaffold N50 length of 33.91 Mb. In total 1.72 Gb (97.01%) of the contig sequences were anchored onto fifty chromosomes with the longest scaffold being 56.20 Mb. Furthermore, proximately 49.41% of the genome was composed of repetitive elements. In total, 49,377 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 47,724 (96.65%) genes have been functionally annotated. The high-quality chromosome-level reference genome and annotation are vital for supporting basic genetic studies and will be contribute to genetic structure, functional elucidation, evolutionary inquiry, and germplasm conservation for S. caldwelli.

A lightweight security defense algorithm for multimodal attack blocking in industrial control networks based on momentum enhanced feature graphs

AbstractAs the infrastructure of modern industry, the safe and stable operation of lightweight industrial control network is crucial for industrial production. Multi‐mode attack is a kind of highly customized and low resource consumption network attack method, which can target the specific vulnerabilities and configuration weaknesses of lightweight industrial control network. In order to improve the defense capability of industrial control network against multimodal attacks, a lightweight security defense algorithm based on momentum‐enhanced feature graph is proposed. The lightweight industrial control network operation mode is determined by abstract relationship, and the ontology structure of industrial control network multi‐mode attack is established; with reference to the ontology structure, the multi‐mode attack map of industrial control network is defined; the normal behavior and lightweight attack behavior are divided, and the convolutional network is used to enhance the characteristics of lightweight attack; and the momentum‐enhanced feature map technology is used to correspond to the enhancement process, and to block and defend against the multi‐mode attack of industrial control network. The results show that the studied algorithm can realize accurate prediction of attack behaviors with different attack behaviors as test objects, and ensure accurate blocking of all kinds of attack behaviors with better security defense effect.

Can industry 4.0 work together with lean? An investigation from Malaysian lean manufacturing sector

An examination of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and its impact on lean manufacturing (LM) is not yet detailed, properly evaluated or validated. Notably, there is a lack of recent studies that evaluated I4.0 technology mapping and prioritization in the LM industrial context in Malaysia. The study aims to evaluate how I4.0 technology enablers influence the use of lean tools. Moreover, this study evaluates the correlation between company type and I4.0 implementation maturity, familiarity, and sources exhibiting an inclination to advance skills. The study evaluated 208 respondents belonging to several LM enterprises in Malaysia. Self-administered questionnaires were used and association analysis, based on the independence test, was used to assess the consensus based on the devised hypothesis. The outcomes were obtained using correspondence assessment of the asymptotic significant correlation coefficient (p) in which to draw conclusions using the p determined during hypothesis evaluation, a 0.05 significance level indicates all null hypotheses must be accepted. Moreover, the three elements; I4.0, LMP, and LMSs are significant with 0.897, 0.980, and 0.876 values, respectively. The outcomes indicate a strongly positive correlation between I4.0 and LM system (LMS). This observation is expected to help Malaysian LM practitioners to anticipate the future lean landscape based on the boundless innovation provided by these Technologies as the anticipated outcome is a strong positive correlation between I4.0 and LM systems (LMS). This finding would empower Malaysian LM practitioners to anticipate the future of lean manufacturing, shaped by the boundless innovation potential of I4.0 technologies. By embracing this convergence, companies can unlock a future of enhanced productivity driven by autonomous operations and data-driven decision making. Therefore, using lean in the context of I4.0 is a promising combination for improving future productivity through autonomous operations.

Genetic analysis of yield components in buckwheat using high-throughput sequencing analysis and wild resource populations.

Fagopyrum tataricum, an important medicinal and edible crop, possesses significant agricultural and economic value. However, the development of buckwheat varieties and yields has been hindered by the delayed breeding progress despite the abundant material resources in China. Current research indicates that quantitative trait loci (QTLs) play a crucial role in controlling plant seed type and yield. To address these limitations, this study constructed recombinant inbred lines (RILs) utilizing both cultivated species and wild buckwheat as raw materials. In total, 84,521 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers were identified through Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) technology, and high-resolution and high-density SNP genetic maps were developed, which had significant value for QTL mapping, gene cloning and comparative mapping of buckwheat. In this study, we successfully identified 5 QTLs related to thousand grain weight (TGW), 9 for grain length (GL), and 1 for grain width (GW) by combining seed type and TGW data from 202 RIL populations in four different environments, within which one co-located QTL for TGW were discovered on the first chromosome. Transcriptome analysis during different grain development stages revealed 59 significant expression differences between the two materials, which can serve as candidate genes for further investigation into the regulation of grain weight and yield enhancement. The mapped major loci controlling TGW, GL and GW will be valuable for gene cloning and reveal the mechanism underlying grain development and marker-assisted selection in Tartary buckwheat.

The mapping of social networks and computer technology in the star wars universe in 1977-2023: a historical retrospective

The mapping of social networks and computer technology in the star wars universe in 1977-2023: a historical retrospective

Effectual Use and Implementation of Micro-Lesson Plan Activities Through Mapping of Bloom's Taxonomy and ICT Technologies

Effectual Use and Implementation of Micro-Lesson Plan Activities Through Mapping of Bloom's Taxonomy and ICT Technologies

DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING CHATGPT-4 IN ORGANISING EXCURSIONS

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology becomes more deeply embedded in people's daily lives and work, the importance of ChatGPT (Generative Pretrained Transformer) is growing and its application in the tourism sector is expanding. ChatGPT can be useful in organising new excursions because of its capabilities such as data analysis, interpretation, scenario creation and model evaluation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using ChatGPT-4 in organising new excursions. The study was conducted at the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University and 82 students participated in the study. The study consisted of two stages, at the first stage students answered a questionnaire on the discipline of "Literary excursion", which was studied for 15 weeks, and at the second stage was conducted a study based on comparative analysis, with the assignment of 6 specially prepared questions to determine the effectiveness of using ChatGPT-4. As a result of the study, the need to study the excursion subject for students of educational programmes "Kazakh language and literature" was 72%. ChatGPT-4 became an indispensable tool in drawing up excursion itineraries for students, making their technological map and selecting an excursion object. In addition, with the help of ChatGPT-4 students built routes of new excursions and correctly identified tourist objects and traffic routes, type. Also very qualitatively wrote the text of the excursion in lit erary language and brought it to the level of an interesting script. Thus, using ChatGPT-4 when organising new excursions will help you to get information, save time, make specific decisions and improve quality. The results of this study may be useful in th e future to explore ChatGPT-4 in the potential integration of other technologies such as augmented reality or virtual reality.

Pharmaceutical emerging markets: technological mapping and innovation networks

Pharmaceutical emerging markets: technological mapping and innovation networks

POSTER AS A TOOL FOR DIGITALIZATION OF THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

In the basis of the development of modern business, digital transformations have acquired primary importance. The stability of the business, and in general its ability to function, is determined by the level of digitalization. The integration of basic business development tools is considered through the prism of automation, robotics and digitization. In the field of hotel and restaurant business, digital technologies have become the most effective tool for implementing business tasks and solving problems of the control system, constant monitoring and management. The main trajectory of the automation of hospitality enterprises through the prism of the introduction of cloud technologies into business has become the use of software products. Cloud automation systems, in particular the Poster program, serve as a modern tool for accounting, control and business management. The Poster program (system) was the first cloud-based automation system developed in Ukraine to serve hotel and restaurant businesses. This software product has become a successful modern initiative, which is used with pleasure by twenty thousand hospitality establishments. When the enterprise implements this cloud technology, the approach to the organization and conduct of business has completely changed, the management system has acquired a completely new dimension. Important functions of the module have become such as: cash register for waiters with integrated hall cards; the Kitchen Kit application from Poster with a screen in the kitchen/bar, or with a system of runners; automation of the restaurant delivery service to work with orders from aggregators or personal delivery service; Poster mobile cash register; Poster QR for automatic menu creation in Poster-POS, quick payment, the possibility of tipping the waiter, leaving guest reviews, etc.; the Poster Boss app with the ability to work on a smartphone and more. The convenience of working with the Poster software is manifested in its simplicity and easy accessibility for staff training, since even intuitively, in an hour of work with this cloud technology, you can already work freely. The ability to work with cash register modules for sales and a control panel for owners makes the Poster software product both unique due to its multifunctionality and system, and easy to use. The statistics module automatically summarizes revenue data when the check is closed at the cash register. In the process of selling a finished product or service, ingredients (inventories) are written off from the warehouse according to technological maps developed by the institution. The multifunctionality of the Poster program makes running a hotel and restaurant business more efficient, as convenient as possible in management and acts as a high-quality database for making effective management decisions. The complexity and systematicity of this cloud technology brings the innovative orientation of hospitality enterprises to a new level.

Integrating Technology Roadmaps into the Construction of Learning Indicators

In the era of rapid technological advancement and the ascent of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), addressing the persistent gap between education and employment is crucial to ensure “decent work for all” and enhance human well-being. This study initiates its inquiry from the construction of learning indicators, aiming to facilitate the early exposure of learners to relevant industrial technologies and the acquisition of future-oriented competencies. Firstly, through a review of the literature and an analysis of the current situation, the concept of technology mapping in the industrial sector is employed for technology forecasting. This involves the development of a technology roadmap and the identification of key technologies. Subsequently, the Delphi method is utilized to invite expert scholars to assess the suitability and importance of learning indicators. Data processing is carried out using descriptive statistics, qualitative recommendations, and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov single-sample analysis. Using a smart home system practice curriculum as an example, this study’s final development includes 9 main constructs and 56 sub-constructs, serving as the foundation for curriculum and instructional material development. Upon receiving relevant instruction, students can swiftly integrate into related industries.