Technology Budget Research Articles

Public spending on Energy innovations and CO2 impacts: Evidence from selected OECD countries

The relationship between public spending on Energy innovations (R&D of renewable and non-renewable energy, and energy efficiency) and CO2 intensity at constant purchasing power are investigated in this study. A Panel-NARDL model was used for the first time in 10 OECD countries (1990–2020) to evaluate the asymmetric relationship between energy innovative variables and CO2 impacts in the long and short run. In other words, this study aims to monitor how changes in public spending on R&D for renewable and non-renewable influence CO2 emissions. The results show that while an increase in the public budget for R&D of renewable energy will decrease the CO2 intensity in the long run, a positive relationship exists between these variables in the short run. Likewise, the result demonstrates that a cut in public spending on Fossil fuel R&D leads to an increase in the short horizon and a decrease in the long-run CO2 emissions per unit of GDP. The finding implies the substantial impact of R&D in both renewable and non-renewable energy on reducing CO2 emissions over time. In addition, CO2 emissions per unit of GDP respond positively to R&D public spending on energy efficiency. An increase in public expenditure on R&D of energy efficiency can induce economic activity and enhance CO2 emissions. All in all, the 30 years’ analysis of data from the selected OECD countries substantiates the right strategy of reducing the CO2 emissions of these countries by applying the public budget to promote R&D in energy sectors. This study results in contrast with those studies that found no relationship between R&D on renewable energy and CO2 impacts. Significance Statement This paper evaluated the asymmetric impacts of public spending on R&D of renewable energy and fossil fuel, and energy efficiency on CO2 intensity at constant purchasing power. Although a growing body of research has analyzed the impact of R&D on CO2 emission, research on the asymmetric effects of R&D public expenditure in energy sectors on CO2 emission is still narrow. Moreover, by employing Panel Nonlinear ARDL, we delve into the spillover impacts of selected OECD public budget on R&D over the short and long horizons. In addition, we estimate the impacts of both Renewable and non-renewable R&D budgets which help us to explore and compare the effectiveness of budget allocation on R&D with the strategy of reducing CO2 emission. Finally, this study found how the R&D and technology budget surging and declining in energy sectors would influence CO2 emission per unit of GDP.

Making gene editing accessible in resource limited environments: recommendations to guide a first-time user.

The designer nuclease, CRISPR-Cas9 system has advanced the field of genome engineering owing to its programmability and ease of use. The application of these molecular scissors for genome engineering earned the developing researchers the Nobel prize in Chemistry in the year 2020. At present, the potential of this technology to improve global challenges continues to grow exponentially. CRISPR-Cas9 shows promise in the recent advances made in the Global North such as the FDA-approved gene therapy for the treatment of sickle cell anaemia and β-thalassemia and the gene editing of porcine kidney for xenotransplantation into humans affected by end-stage kidney failure. Limited resources, low government investment with an allocation of 1% of gross domestic production to research and development including a shortage of skilled professionals and lack of knowledge may preclude the use of this revolutionary technology in the Global South where the countries involved have reduced science and technology budgets. Focusing on the practical application of genome engineering, successful genetic manipulation is not easily accomplishable and is influenced by the chromatin landscape of the target locus, guide RNA selection, the experimental design including the profiling of the gene edited cells, which impacts the overall outcome achieved. Our assessment primarily delves into economical approaches of performing efficient genome engineering to support the first-time user restricted by limited resources with the aim of democratizing the use of the technology across low- and middle-income countries. Here we provide a comprehensive overview on existing experimental techniques, the significance for target locus analysis and current pitfalls such as the underrepresentation of global genetic diversity. Several perspectives of genome engineering approaches are outlined, which can be adopted in a resource limited setting to enable a higher success rate of genome editing-based innovations in low- and middle-income countries.

From funds to footprints: Unravelling the asymmetric association between nuclear energy technology and environmental quality

Innovation and investment in research and development (R&D) for renewable energy are critical in improving environmental quality and creating a more sustainable energy landscape. This research delves into the asymmetric correlation between nuclear energy technology budget and environmental quality in the top 10 economies with the largest nuclear energy R&D budgets (Germany, South Korea, Japan, the UK, France, Russia, China, USA, India, and Canada). Earlier investigations have used panel data methodologies that submit usual outcomes related to the link between these variables, although some countries did not show a similar relationship independently. Moreover, previous studies analyzed the overall impact, while our investigation focuses on examining the asymmetric impact on an individual country level. On the other hand, we apply the Quantile-on-Quantile tool to probe the time-series dependence in every country, bestowing worldwide yet country-specific evidence for the variables' interconnection. The findings suggest that budgets related to nuclear energy technology positively impact environmental quality by reducing ecological footprint in most economies, especially at the specific distribution of data points. In addition, this research highlights that the degree of asymmetry between the variables deviates across economies, heightening the importance of carefully implementing policies related to nuclear energy technology and environmental quality.

Data Envelopment Analysis-Based Approach to Improving of the Budget Allocation System for Decarbonization Targets

Energy innovation plays an important role in the transition to a zero-carbon economy. Governments in IEA member countries are investing in the R&D, demonstration, and deployment of new energy technologies as part of their energy and climate policies. However, government subsidies for energy innovation are not always efficient in achieving climate policy goals. This paper proposes a two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis model with shared inputs to determine the optimal allocation of public funds for the energy innovation process. The innovation process is divided into two stages: the R&D stage and the commercialization stage. The inputs to the model (budget expenditures for energy innovations) are distributed between the first and second stages. As intermediate products, we use the number of patents in clean energy and hydrocarbon energy. The outputs of the model are the changes in carbon intensity and energy efficiency. This model can be used to assess the effectiveness of government spending on energy innovation. The results show that some IEA member countries should allocate a large part of the fossil fuel technology budget (more than 70%) to the research and development phase. The proposed model can support decision making at the international level to increase the effectiveness of public policies in achieving decarbonization and energy efficiency goals.

The risk paradox: Exploring asymmetric nexus between climate policy uncertainty and renewable energy technology budgets.

The ups and downs of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) cast a captivating shadow over the budgets allocated to renewable energy (RE) technologies, where strategic choices and risk assessment will determine the course of our green environmental revolution. The main intention of this investigation is to scrutinize the effect of CPU on the RE technology budgets (RETBs) in the top 10 countries with the highest RE research and development budgets (the USA, China, South Korea, India, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Australia, and Italy). Although former researchers have typically employed panel data tools to contemplate the connection between CPU and RE technology, they repeatedly ignored variations in this connection throughout different economies. In contrast, our research adopts a unique approach, "quantile-on-quantile," to check this association at the country-to-country level. This approach offers a comprehensive worldwide perspective while procuring tailor-made perceptions for individual economies. The outcomes suggest that CPU significantly decreases RETBs across several data quantiles in our sample nations. In addition, the outcomes underscore that the connections between our variables differ among nations. These outcomes highlight the significance of policymakers implementing thorough appraisals and skillfully governing plans relevant to CPU and RETBs.

Bio‐innovation for environmental sustainability: Asymmetric nexus between bioenergy technology budgets and ecological footprint

AbstractAs the world grapples with sustainable energy and environmental preservation challenges, budgeting for bio‐resilience emerges as a pivotal step toward environmental sustainability. Our investigation delves into the influence of bioenergy technology budgets on the ecological footprint (ECF) in the top 10 nations that invest in bioenergy research and development (USA, China, Brazil, Germany, Japan, Canada, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands). Prior research depended on panel data methods to explore the bioenergy technology‐environment nexus, disregarding the specific traits of individual countries. Contrarily, the existing research applies the quantile‐on‐quantile tool to improve the precision of our analysis by delivering a holistic worldwide viewpoint and customized perceptions for every economy. The findings indicate that dedicating budgets to bioenergy technology improves environmental quality by reducing ECF across several quantiles within our sample nations. Moreover, the outcomes uncover unique patterns in these relationships across multiple countries. These results stress the significance of policymakers conducting exhaustive assessments and implementing productive tactics to address bioenergy technology funding and ECF changes.

Global chessboard: Analyzing how geopolitical risk shapes renewable energy technology investments.

The allocation of budgets for renewable energy (RE) technology is significantly influenced by geopolitical risks (GPRs), reflecting the intricate interplay among global political dynamics, social media narratives, and the strategic investment decisions essential for advancing sustainable energy solutions. Against the backdrop of increasing worldwide initiatives to transition to RE sources, it is crucial to understand how GPR affects funding allocations, informing policy decisions, and fostering international collaboration to pursue sustainable energy solutions. Existing work probes the nonlinear effect of GPR on RE technology budgets (RTB) within the top 10 economies characterized by substantial research and development investments in RE (China, USA, Germany, Japan, France, South Korea, India, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Italy). Past research largely focused on panel data techniques to delve the interconnection between GPR and RE technology, overlooking the distinctive characteristics of individual economies. Contrarily, existing investigation implements the "Quantile-on-Quantile" tool to explore this association on an economy-particular basis, enhancing the precision of our analysis and offering both a comprehensive global perspective and nuanced perceptions for entire countries. The findings manifest a significant reduction in funding for RE technology associated with GPR across various quantile levels in the chosen economies. The disparities in results spotlight the necessity for policymakers to perform thorough assessments and carry out competent strategies to address the variations in GPR and RTB.

Asymmetric nexus between nuclear energy technology budgets and carbon emissions in European economies: Evidence from quantile-on-quantile estimation

Our research seeks to assess the influence of nuclear energy technology on carbon emissions in the top 10 European economies comprising the topmost nuclear energy R&D budget (France, Germany, Russia, the Netherlands, the UK, Finland, Spain, Sweden, Italy, and Switzerland). Unlike prior investigations predominantly relying on panel data methodologies without considering the distinctive characteristics of each economy, our study employs the advanced 'Quantile-on-Quantile' approach. This novel methodology enables us to investigate the interactions between variables within each unique nation, thereby improving the precision of our analysis. As a result, the study provides a thorough global perspective, revealing nuanced findings pertinent to each economy's specific attributes. Our outcomes demonSstrate a positive interconnection between nuclear energy technology and carbon emissions across various quantiles in our analyzed nations. Additionally, the study highlights diverse patterns in these associations within individual economies. These findings emphasize the significance of policymakers performing comprehensive measurements and devising effective strategies to monitor fluctuations in nuclear energy technology and carbon emissions.

The role of environmental technologies, institutional quality, and globalization on environmental sustainability in European Union countries: new evidence from advanced panel data estimations

Factors such as investments in environmentally clean technologies, globalization, and institutional quality significantly increase environmental quality. The study aims to provide light on how environmental technologies, institutional quality, globalization, and economic growth affect a sustainable environment. In addition, this study evaluates the European Union’s carbon zero target by 2050 and the results of achieving carbon neutrality by 2030, which was put on the agenda at the UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP-26). For this purpose, ten countries (Germany, Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Sweden, and Switzerland) that invest in the highest environmental technology in the European Union were selected in the study. The data range of the study is from 1990 to 2019. Also, the validity of the load capacity curve (LCC) hypothesis was investigated in these countries. The CCEMG and DCCE estimators were used to estimate long-run coefficients. When the panel was assessed as a whole, the LCC hypothesis was determined to be valid by both estimators. According to country-based results, it has been determined that the LCC hypothesis is valid only for Spain. The study also includes the following observations. (i) Environmental technologies increase LCF for Austria, improving environmental quality. (ii) Globalization reduces LCF for Austria. (iii) Institutional quality variable decreases LCF for Austria and increases LCF for Germany and France. These findings suggest that to attain a sustainable environment in the future, policymakers should raise research and development budgets for environmental technology, enhance the standards of institutions, and take globalization into account.Graphical abstract

Technological Innovation and Greener Energy Technology Adoption: Do Socioeconomic Conditions Make a Difference

Industrialized countries and environmental protection agencies urge greener energy technology adoption and improvement in technological innovation. In this regard, the primary factor of greener energy adoption could be the budget allocated for renewable energy R&D, technological innovation, and socioeconomic conditions. The prime objective of this study is to explore the role of R&D for renewable energy adoption while considering economic and social factors. The present study analyzed quarterly data for Australia covering the period of 1994Q1–2019Q4. Furthermore, in this article, we employ the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm, ARDL bound testing, and a dynamic ARDL approach for a comprehensive empirical analysis. Empirical estimates reveal that R&D budgets for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and science and technology significantly promote greener energy adoption in the short term. However, the impact of the R&D budget on energy efficiency is positive in the long term. Technological innovation and economic growth are positively associated with green energy generation. From a policy perspective, an increase in budget allocation for R&D in renewables, energy efficiency, and technological innovation might act as a policy factor to bring environmental and economic sustainability.

Investigating the role of digitalisation in building collapse: stakeholders' perspective from unexplored approach

PurposeStudies showed that construction digitalisation could prevent or mitigate accidents rate on sites. Digitalisation applications may prevent or mitigate building project collapse (BPC) but with some encumbrances, especially in developing countries. There is a paucity of research on digital technologies application to prevent or mitigate BPC in Nigeria. Thus, the research aims to explore the perceived barriers that may hinder digital technologies from preventing or mitigating building collapse and recommend measures to improve technology applications during development.Design/methodology/approachThe study is exploratory because of the unexplored approach. The researchers collected data from knowledgeable participants in digitalisation and building collapse in Nigeria. The research employed a phenomenology approach and analysed collected data via a thematic approach. The study achieved saturation at the 29th interviewee.FindingsFindings show that lax construction digitalisation implementation, absence of regulatory framework, lax policy, unsafe fieldworkers' behaviours, absence of basic infrastructure, government attitude, hesitation to implement and high technology budget, especially in developing countries, are threats to curbing building collapse menace via digitalisation. The study identified technologies relevant to preventing or mitigating building collapse. Also, it proffered measures to prevent or mitigate building collapse via improved digital technology applications during development.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the construction digitalisation literature, especially in developing countries, and investigates the perceived barriers that may hinder digital technologies usage in preventing or mitigating building collapse in Nigeria.

Business Model Innovation for Red Hat to Increase Revenue in Indonesia Banking Industry: The Case of Bank Berdaya Bersama

The advancement of digital technology and the change in user behavior rise a new challenge for the banking industry in Indonesia, users are now more sensitive to a good customer experience, and less loyal. Another challenge for banking is a disruption from fintech. To face these challenges, banks have started programs to transform themself to meet the current demands. This transformation program thus increases their technology along with banks’ technology budget allocation. Red Hat as a technology provider based on open source needs to compete with many players in Indonesia’s IT industry. Using Bank Berdaya Bersama as a point in case, this study is prepared to build an innovative business model for Red Hat in increasing revenue and facing competition in Indonesia’s banking industry.

Financial Risk, Renewable Energy Technology Budgets, and Environmental Sustainability: Is Going Green Possible?

Since the industrial revolution, countries have been facing the issue of climate change and environmental degradation. It is widely believed that the investment in research and development of renewable energy can play a pivotal role in fighting against climate change. However, the financial risk also increases, which can influence renewable energy technology R&D budgets and environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, the current literature is silent on the linkage between financial risk, renewable energy technology budgets, and environmental quality. Against this backdrop, this article attempts to explore the dynamic linkage between financial risk, renewable energy technology budgets, and ecological footprint under the Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. For this purpose, yearly data from 1984 to 2018 is employed using the advanced panel data estimation methods that address the slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence issues. The results indicate that improvement in the financial risk index significantly decreases footprints, and renewable energy technology budgets also promote environmental sustainability. Economic globalization poses a significant negative effect on the ecological footprint, while energy consumption adds to the footprint. Moreover, the findings validated the EKC hypothesis in OECD countries. In addition, a unidirectional causality is detected from financial risk to renewable technology energy budgets, while bidirectional causality exists between financial risk and ecological footprint, and between financial risk, and economic growth. Based on the empirical findings, policy suggestions are presented to promote environmental sustainability.

Effects of economic complexity, economic growth, and renewable energy technology budgets on ecological footprint: the role of democratic accountability.

The economic structure of countries can influence economic growth, energy demand, and environmental footprints. However, the literature on economic complexity and ecological footprint (EFP) nexus is scarce. Besides, democracy is an important factor that may affect environmental policies and environmental sustainability. Hence, this paper investigates the effect of democracy, economic complexity, and renewable energy technology budgets on the EFP in G7 countries controlling income and financial development from 1985 to 2017. The findings from Westerlund (J Appl Econ 23:193-233, 2008) and other cointegration methods depict cointegration among variables. The long-run estimates from the continuously updated fully modified method unfold that economic complexity contributes to reducing the EFP. However, greater democratic accountability boosts the EFP figures rather than reducing them. On the flipside, renewable energy technology budgets and financial development are evidenced to mitigate EFP. Moreover, the study unveils a U-shaped linkage between economic growth and EFP, which indicates that an increase in income level will boost EFP. Further, the study found causality from economic complexity, democracy, and renewable energy budgets to EFP. Based on these findings, it is pertinent for the G7 countries to increase the manufacturing of sophisticated and complex products. In addition, enhancing renewable energy technology budgets is essential to ensure environmental well-being.

Effects of funding on the collaboration and citation in environmental papers and the relationship with nation’s science and technology budgets

Input, output, impact, and processes are central indicators of the science, technology, and innovation production. The input is usually associated to investments made in science and technology, and it varies among different countries and scientific fields. Thus, the input can influence other impact indicators. Here, we evaluated the effect of the input data (i.e., number of funding) on process (i.e., collaboration) and output (i.e., number of citation) indicators of ecological research. Moreover, we detailed the effect of the number of funding on the collaboration and number of citations by each country (based on the nationality of authors). We found that most of published papers had some degrees of financial support, and that the production of papers with funding increased over the years. Funding had a positive effect on the collaboration and citation of papers; however, we observed that: in countries with higher investments in Science and Technology, the number of funding impacts positively and directly on the number of authors (collaboration) and in countries with low levels of investments in Science and Technology, the number of funding impacts positively and directly on the number of citations. Our models presented a low predictive power, but similar to other informetric studies. Our results indicated that impact indicators evaluated have an integrated structure, and the effects at one level can affect other levels. Nonetheless, the impact of the number of funding on informetric data can vary among countries; therefore, these results are important to the development of national policies and future informetric studies.

HAK ATAS KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL, HAK MEREK, RAHASIA DAGANG, DAN PELANGGARAN HAK MEREK DAN RAHASIA DAGANG SERTA HAK PATENT (LITERATUR REVIEW ARTIKEL

Indonesia as a developing country that is rich in natural, artistic and cultural resources has a variety of traditional knowledge that requires legal recognition and protection that is able to maintain the ownership of traditional knowledge as the nation's internationally recognized work. Regulations in the case of intellectual property rights, particularly the patent law, aim to provide legal protection for the invention of intellectual works to the inventors and provide economic benefits for the results of their inventions. However, the patent law which adopts IPR in developed countries in its implementation, has not been able to provide recognition and protection to traditional knowledge optimally. This is due to differences in the concept of intellectual property rights that are exclusive, and individuals with traditional knowledge that have traditional, communal and open characteristics. The lack of public understanding of IPRs as well as inadequate mastery of technology and minimal budget are also obstacles to traditional patenting of knowledge. Pemerintah RI mengundangkan UU No.21 Tahun 1961 tentang merek perusahaan dan merek perniagaan ( UU merek 1961 ) untuk menggantikan UU merek kolonial Belanda. UU merek 1961 merupakan undang-undang indonesia pertama di bidang HAKI. Berdasarkan pasal 24, UU No.21 Tahun 1961 , yang berbunyi “ Undang-undang ini dapat disebut undang-undang merek 1961 dan mulai berlaku satu bulan setelah undang-undang ini diundangkan “. Undang-undang tersebut mulai berlaku tanggal 11 November 1961. Penetapan UU merek 1961 dimaksudkan untuk melindungi masyarakat dari barang-barang tiruan/bajakan.

Directions for the development of information resource management in military libraries of higher education institutions in Poland on the example of the Library of the War Studies University and the Library of the Military University of Technology

The article addresses the directions of management development in military libraries of higher education institutions in Poland. These changes are noticeable in such areas as information technology, interpersonal communication, spatial architecture, and library budget. The article also presents two most important and largest libraries in the Polish Armed Forces, namely the Library of the War Studies University and the Library of the Military University of Technology. It provides a brief historical outline of the mother universities of these libraries and the beginnings of their activities. Then, the essential modern solutions implemented there and have directly contributed to their development, are analyzed.

Asymmetric nexus between economic policy uncertainty, renewable energy technology budgets, and environmental sustainability: Evidence from the United States

Renewable energy is vital to achieve environmental sustainability, improve public health and address global climate change. However, the transition to renewable energy is impossible without massive public renewable energy research and development budgets (RRDD) along with sustained state and federal policies. RRDD in the US showed significant fluctuations over the last three decades and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) was also highly volatile. Based on this backdrop, this study examined the asymmetric impact of RRDD and EPU on CO2 emissions in the US, accounting for structural breaks in data, and controlling for economic growth and FDI. Keeping in view the overwhelming reliance on linear methods in previous studies, both symmetric and asymmetric ARDL approaches are employed for cointegration and long-run results on quarterly data over the period 1985 to 2017. The outcomes from symmetric and asymmetric cointegration tests unfolded only asymmetric cointegration among variables. The long-run findings unveil that a positive change in EPU mitigates emissions but a dominant reduction in CO2 emissions comes from a negative change in EPU. Therefore, it is highly desirable to reduce EPU to achieve a considerable long-term reduction in CO2 emissions. Surprisingly, positive and negative changes in RRDD do not affect CO2 emissions. Hence, the study could not find any significant reduction in CO2 emissions associated with RRDD, implying that renewable energy technology budgets are not sufficient enough to reduce pollutant emissions. The evidence also confirms that the EKC hypothesis is valid in the US considering RRDD, EPU, and FDI in the model. Finally, the study suggests a significant uplift in RRDD and fiscal policies with more subsidies and tax benefits for the growth of renewable energy sector. Also, stability in the environmental policies, regardless of the economic condition, is necessary to achieve long-term environmental benefits.

Business analytics practices and managerial implications based on the evidence from Korea

PurposeDespite a growing interest in business analytics (BA) from the business and academic communities, it is still unknown what truly motivates and hinders the adoption of BA. To have a clear picture of what will lead to the successful implementation of BA, this paper identifies contextual variables (e.g. user characteristics, organizational readiness and technology infrastructure/expertise) that significantly influence the BA adoption decision.Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducted a series of classification, discriminant and logistics regressions analyses to analyze the differences in mail survey responses between adopters and nonadopters of BA and then determine what either motivate or inhibit the BA adoption.FindingsThrough a series of hypothesis testing, we discovered that large firms with a greater number of information technology (IT) staff and budget tended to adopt BA more than their smaller counterparts. Also, we found that BA skeptics, who did not fully recognize BA benefit potentials, were more concerned about BA implementation costs and experienced the greater organization resistance to BA adoption than the others did. Therefore, they were less likely to adopt BA.Originality/valueIn the era of knowledge-based economy, the firm's ability to derive actionable insights from big data can be a game changer. Such ability can be developed and nurtured by utilizing BA which is designed to help business executives and policymakers make well-thought and informed decisions. This paper is one of the first attempts to develop practical guidelines for the successful implementation of BA based on the exploratory study of BA practices among the Korean firms.

Retrospective Mexican model of research managing: challenges and perspectives

In this article, we analyze a general context of the science and technology budget in Mexico and the description of this innovative model which has several challenges and opportunities for the development of the country. In the last decades, Mexican United States (Mexico) had been increased the expenditure in science and technology, however since 2016 due to several factors, this expenditure was modified, and the trend changed. One of the goals of the last administration was to begin the operation of new colaborative reforcement in Research Centers system and beginning of a new model denominates Research Consortiums of Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, for its acronym in Spanish), however, in recent years there have been changes and rearrangements of this system in order to adjust and reorient actions. Furthermore, It is also important to highlight that the current publication of the regulations of the National System of Researchers include incentives to take into account activities in favor of universal access to knowledge and the strengthening of scientific vocations.