Technology In Industrial Sectors Research Articles

Features of the development of the industrial complex of Russia: Industrial policy and structural and technological changes

Subject. The article explores prospects for the use of artificial intelligence technologies in industrial sectors. Objectives. The aim is to analyze problems of territorial development of industry in the context of the digital economy formation. Methods. The study draws on methods of econometric, correlation-regression, comparative, and logical analysis. Results. We considered specific aspects of the industrial policy implementation for 2010–2020. The paper demonstrates significant correlation between the level of digitalization of the economy and the growth of labor productivity. Conclusions. Industrial development in Russian regions to a large extent depends on the introduction of digital technologies and artificial intelligence technologies.

The Influence of Digital Economy on Enterprise Financialization

Digital economy is essentially the application of modern information technology to various economic activities, which is mainly reflected in extensive application of Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing and other digital technologies in industrial sectors. Especially after the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, digital economy has shown its amazing volume and development prospect, and more and more enterprises have begun to attach importance to digital transformation. With listed companies at Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2019 as research samples, this paper presents research on the influence of digital economy to enterprise financialization. It is concluded that digital economy significantly promotes enterprise financialization.

Achieving Low Latency Communications in Smart Industrial Networks with Programmable Data Planes.

Industrial networks are introducing Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in their manufacturing processes in order to enhance existing methods and obtain smarter, greener and more effective processes. Global predictions forecast a massive widespread of IoT technology in industrial sectors in the near future. However, these innovations face several challenges, such as achieving short response times in case of time-critical applications. Concepts like in-network computing or edge computing can provide adequate communication quality for these industrial environments, and data plane programming has been proved as a useful mechanism for their implementation. Specifically, P4 language is used for the definition of the behavior of programmable switches and network elements. This paper presents a solution for industrial IoT (IIoT) network communications to reduce response times using in-network computing through data plane programming and P4. Our solution processes Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) packets sent by a sensor in the data plane and generates an alarm in case of exceeding a threshold in the measured value. The implementation has been tested in an experimental facility, using a Netronome SmartNIC as a P4 programmable network device. Response times are reduced by 74% while processing, and delay introduced by the P4 network processing is insignificant.

State of the art of using model solutions at leading metrological institutes of the world

The article discusses the application of modern digital software technologies in leading national metrological institutes (NMI). Practical examples of the use of calculation systems for solving individual tasks of measuring systems and addressing everyday scientific problems are given. Based on the NIST final report on the destruction of the World Trade Center towers in New York on September 11, 2001, the practical use of modern computer simulation packages is shown. Model solutions of individual components (building structure, aircraft model, factor of mechanical and gravitational effects, temperature environment) made it possible to reconstruct and explain the processes of their destruction. The experience of using software packages for engineering analysis in PTB is presented by the example of calculating gas pressure in order to determine the Boltzmann constant. In addition, the finite element method is the main method used in the EURAMET and EMPIR projects. The above studies suggest a number of calculations to solve problems arising in the leading metrological organizations of the world. The aim of the work is to analyze and justify the principles of using computer modeling in the construction and improvement of elements of the national measurement standards. The relevance of the topic of work is determined by the Concept for the Development of the Digital Economy and Society of Ukraine for 2018–2020 and the Plan of Measures for its Implementation (the Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 67-r dated January 17, 2018) approved by the Government of Ukraine. The main goal of the Concept is to implement an action plan to remove barriers to the di-gital transformation of Ukraine in the most promising areas. The Concept for the Development of the Digital Economy of Ukraine is in the use of digital technologies in industrial sectors in order to provide their effectiveness, competitiveness and stable development, growth in the production of high-tech products and the well-being of the population.

Conduction paths of backbones for thermal enhancement of nanocomposite phase change materials

Thermal energy storage (TES) based on phase change materials (PCMs) has become a research hot spot due to its high energy storage density and maintained operating temperature during the phase change. However, as PCM has a poor thermal conductivity that can be as low as 0.2~0.5 W/m·K, the charging/discharging processes of PCM modules are significantly restrained, which severely affects the application of the TES technology in industrial sectors. This study concerns the improvement of the effective thermal conductivity of composite PCM formed by adding nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity into different PCMs. A theoretical model is established to reveal the intrinsic mechanism for the promotion of thermal conductivity of composite PCM consisting of nanoparticles. The results show that aggregation and interfacial thermal resistance are the main reasons for the change of the thermal conductivity. By forming effective conduction paths composed of backbones in the composite PCM, the average thermal conductivity can be improved significantly, which can be as high as 10~50 W/m·K with a wide range of volume fraction of the additives.

Reducing global CO2 emissions with the technologies we have

The energy intensities of the various industrial sectors differ considerably across countries. This suggests a potential for emissions reductions through improved accessibility to efficient technologies. This paper estimates an upper-bound CO2 emission mitigation potential that could theoretically be achieved by improved access to efficient technologies in industrial sectors. We develop a linear optimization framework that facilitates the exchange of sectoral production technologies based on the World Input-Output Database (WIOD), assuming perfect substitutability of technologies and homogeneity within economic sectors, while ignoring barriers to technological adoption and price driven adjustments. We consider the full global supply chain network and multiple upstream production inputs in addition to energy demand. In contrast to existing literature our framework allows to consider supply chain effects of technology replacements. We use our model to calculate emission reduction potentials for varying levels of access to technology. If best practice technologies were made available globally, CO2 emissions could theoretically be reduced by more than 10 gigatons (Gt). In fact, even second-tier production technologies would create significant global reduction potentials. We decompose sectoral emission reductions to identify contributions by changes in energy intensity, supply chain effects and changes in carbon intensities. Excluding the latter, we find that considering supply chain effects increases total mitigation potentials by 14%. The largest CO2 emission reduction potentials are found for a small set of developing countries.

Super-sensing technology: industrial applications and future challenges of electrical tomography.

Electrical tomography is a relatively new imaging technique that can image the distribution of the passive electrical properties of an object. Since electrical tomography technology was proposed in the 1980s, the technique has evolved rapidly because of its low cost, easy scale-up and non-invasive features. The technique itself can be sensitive to all passive electrical properties, such as conductivity, permittivity and permeability. Hence, it has a huge potential to be applied in many applications. Owing to its ill-posed nature and low image resolution, electrical tomography attracts more attention in industrial fields than biomedical fields. In the past decades, there have been many research developments and industrial implementations of electrical tomography; nevertheless, the awareness of this technology in industrial sectors is still one of the biggest limitations for technology implementation. In this paper, the authors have summarized several representative applications that use electrical tomography. Some of the current tomography research activities will also be discussed. This article is part of the themed issue 'Supersensing through industrial process tomography'.

The role of environmental management system on introduction of new technologies in the metal and chemical/paper/plastics industries

Pollution prevention with the use of modern cleaner technologies in industrial sectors is the cornerstone of successful environmental policy certified according to the requirements of the international standard ISO 14001. The analyses were performed with the objective of assessing general aspects of technology modernisation as a result of the ISO 14001 certification in industrial enterprises in order to develop a better understanding whether the ISO 14001 certification can accelerate initiatives for the adoption of new and cleaner technologies within the certified firms on one hand, and, on the other hand, to find out to what extent it helped to upgrade their environmental performance. The research was performed within Slovene metal and chemical (including pharmaceuticals, paper and plastics) manufacturing companies with an additional emphasis on firms which are committed to implementing the IPPC directive. In general, certified enterprises consider ISO 14001 as a very useful tool in promoting and adopting new cleaner technologies. ISO 14001 seems to be particularly important to create better conditions for the technology changes in companies which are committed to the IPPC Directive. Companies in chemical and related industries, to a much higher extent, used predominantly modified technologies to diminish their environmental impacts, while companies in metal industries, to a higher extent, used a combination of existing and new technologies after ISO 14001 certification. It seems that better environmental performance is associated with higher productivity in ISO 14001 certified firms.