Technological Procedures Research Articles

Synthesis of 2D Mo1.33CTz i-MXene with ordered vacancies by hydrothermal etching of (Mo2/3Y1/3)2AlC i-MAX phase

Two-dimensional Mo1.33YxCTz i-MXene carbides with ordered vacancies have great potential for applications in various fields of science. However, their synthesis requires the use of complex technological procedures. In this work, Mo1.33YxCTz i-MXene was synthesized by hydrothermal etching method using hydrochloric acid and lithium fluoride for the first time. Based on the structure and morphology, the conversion of i-MAX phase to i-MXene was successfully achieved. Using EDS and XPS analysis, it was shown that reaction temperature, etching time and fluoride concentration are effective tools for controlling the ordered vacancies formed at the yttrium site. In particular, Mo1.33YxCTz compounds with Y contents in the range x = 0–0.24 were obtained. This research opens up new possibilities for the targeted control of i-MXene properties at the atomic scale by simple hydrothermal treatment.

Plantain flour: production processes, technological characteristics, and its potential use in traditional African dishes - a review.

This review describes some processes for converting plantain pulp into flour and semolina and the influences that operating conditions can have on some of the technological characteristics (functional and pasting) of this flour. Some traditional African dishes that can be prepared with plantain flour are also presented. A literature review was conducted using a list of keywords and expressions on platforms such as Google, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. The results show that work carried out to date has mainly focused on a few well known traditional bakery products such as bread, cakes, and biscuits. There has been relatively little research on transforming plantain pulp into flour as part of the preparation of traditional African dishes such as foutou or amala. This work has often been carried out in the laboratory, without any link to local artisanal processes or knowledge of consumer preferences. There is a need to standardize local culinary practices for processing plantain into flour or semolina. The data from this review opens the door for applied research into innovative technological procedures for processing plantain to add value to local dishes adapted to new urban lifestyles, to meet local consumer needs, and to reduce post-harvest losses. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Biomass Resources from Vineyard Residues for the Production of Densified Solid Biofuels in the Republic of Moldova

This paper explores the utilization of biomass resources derived from vineyard residues for producing densified solid biofuels in the Republic of Moldova, with the aim of quantitatively and qualitatively evaluating the residue from vine pruning, focusing on the feasibility of its use as raw material for the production of briquettes and pellets. The methodology includes the analysis of statistical data, as well as experimental investigations conducted at the Scientific Laboratory of Solid Biofuels of the Technical University of Moldova. Waste biomass samples were collected from various vineyards in the different districts of all three regions of the country, focusing on regions with significant plantations. Both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the biomass were assessed, considering the moisture content, calorific value, and ash content. It was found that about 1013 kg/ha of waste biomass is generated from the pruning of technical grape varieties with a net calorific value of 15.6 MJ/kg at a moisture content of 10 wt.% and about 1044 kg/ha with a calorific value of 16.4 MJ/kg from the table ones; both with an average ash content of 3 wt.%. The results indicated that vineyard pruning residues in the Republic of Moldova could provide a substantial biomass source, with an estimated total energy potential of approximately 370 TJ/y (80% located in the Southern region); they also highlighted the need for technological advancements and quality assurance procedures through which to ensure the efficiency and sustainability of biofuel production. The conclusions emphasize the numerous benefits of utilizing viticultural residue, both economically and ecologically, contributing to the sustainable development of the viticulture industry in the Republic of Moldova, as well as environmental protection.

Application of Technological Procedure Automated Guided Vehicles in the Production Hall of a Company Due to Increasing the Automation—Case Study

This paper discusses the possibility of deploying automated guided vehicle (AGV) technology in a company’s production hall. Chronometric measurements of material handling and people handling were performed. The handling processes were divided into five sub-processes, which were analysed in terms of production line operation, distance, and carrying capacity of the automated guided vehicles. Based on the measurements, we found that it was necessary to use four vehicles for handling in the foam production hall. The company is applying this automation project to foams, and after successful testing, plans to continue with automation for leather upholstery. To ensure the correct chronometric results, we measured the distances between each workstation on the production floor at the company. Based on an analysis of material handling on the production lines, we evaluated that there is a possibility of applying AGVs on the entire production floor. We analysed the volumes of material transfer and the possibilities of interconnection within the existing material handling in the enterprise. Complications arise when deploying AGVs in the plant because the handling to the production lines is not only provided by the parent company, but also by the component suppliers themselves. Based on this observation, we have identified potential collision points within the operation between automated guided vehicles and other material handling equipment or people. For this reason, we deployed one more AGV on the handling routes to prevent unwanted collisions. This means that a human would be able to perform even more processes than a machine and can circulate 80 times, where a machine under the same conditions would only perform the entire circulation 57 times. There is room here to use humans for other processes and to automate the handling of goods, although it introduces delays that can be eliminated by deploying additional automated guided vehicles. This opens room for further research questions on how these vehicles can be deployed, even in a small space, and how existing material handling can be automated.

The role of psychological safety in promoting software quality in agile teams

Psychological safety continues to pique the interest of scholars in a variety of disciplines of study. Recent research indicates that psychological safety fosters knowledge sharing and norm clarity and complements agile values. Although software quality remains a concern in the software industry, academics have yet to investigate whether and how psychologically safe teams provide superior results. In this study, we explore how psychological safety influences agile teams’ quality-related behaviors aimed at enhancing software quality. To widen the empirical coverage and evaluate the results, we chose a two-phase mixed-methods research design with an exploratory qualitative phase (20 interviews) followed by a quantitative phase (survey study, N = 423). Our findings show that, when psychological safety is established in agile software teams, it induces enablers of a social nature that advance the teams’ ability to pursue software quality. For example, admitting mistakes and taking initiatives equally help teams learn and invest their learning in their future decisions related to software quality. Past mistakes become points of reference for avoiding them in the future. Individuals become more willing to take initiatives aimed at enhancing quality practices and mitigating software quality issues. We contribute to our endeavor to understand the circumstances that promote software quality. Psychological safety requires organizations, their management, agile teams, and individuals to maintain and propagate safety principles. Our results also suggest that technological tools and procedures can be utilized alongside social strategies to promote software quality.

ISSUES OF PROVIDING TRANSPORT SERVICES TO SPARSELY POPULATED AREAS: A CASE STUDY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE NATIONAL PARK ŠUMAVA IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC

This paper deals with public transport services in sparsely populated areas. The definition of the term transport services and possible approaches to its provision is given in the introduction. The term sparsely populated area is subsequently defined. The problems that arise during the organization of transport services in these areas are further defined. These problems lie primarily in the variations in the number of people in the thousands in the area in the off-tourist season and in the summer tourist season. This affects the organization of transport and the organization of transport services. This paper proposes the technological procedure and measures for improving transport services in sparsely populated areas outside and during the summer tourist season. The proposals are applied in a selected sparsely populated area in the territory of the National Park Šumava and the Šumava Protected Landscape Area in the Czech Republic.

Developing a technology for modeling radar portraits of complex-shape objects for intelligent recognition systems

The object of this study is the modeling of radar portraits (RPs) for intelligent recognition systems based on the use of faceted 3D models. In order to solve the problems of target identification in homing systems of high-precision missile weapons, a technology is needed that could make it possible to efficiently and quickly generate RPs of military objects of complex shape in the required quantity. The research results are based on a combination of separate component technologies, in particular: the devised technology of using faceted 3D models – their construction and further processing with invisible surfaces excluded from it for an arbitrary viewing angle. The basic part of the work is the development of an algorithm and technological procedures for the formation of a spatial tracing grid for the current observation angle. A feature of the proposed technology is the application of a facet selection algorithm using an array of tracing facets and the application of the Huygens-Fresnel principle to recognize objects of complex shape. The RP database of military objects of complex shape was built. The results of modeling faceted RP’s, in particular the armored boat "Gyurza-M", are given. The results of the experimental study showed the ability to recognize the type of military object of complex shape at the level of 80‒90 %, which makes the use of this technology appropriate for recognizing military objects of complex shape. The achieved high-speed and quality characteristics of RP generation of military objects of a complex shape makes it possible to assume that the main prospective field of practical application is the identification and visual interpretation of targets in homing systems of high-precision missile weapons

Assessment of quality indicators in construction

Introduction. Ensuring proper quality of construction is one of the pressing challenges of our time. Consumers expect cheap products from developers in the form of commercial or residential real estate that meet all the required quality indicators. Most accidents in monolithic construction occur due to non-compliance with technological procedures at low temperatures. The purpose of the study is to develop a framework for assessing the quality of concrete work at subzero temperatures (during winter work) based on the results of studies of technological parameters of winter concreting, their impact on the quality and safety of erected monolithic structures of industrial and civil buildings (structures).Materials and methods. The study used the method of approximating distributions of random variables, expert estimates, the theory of multiple principles, and mathematical statistics. The experiments were carried out in the laboratories of the Don State Technical University, as well as in the conditions of actual concrete work on a construction site in winter. The work uses a correlation-regression analysis of the dependence of the organizational and technological causes of inconsistencies (factors) and quality indicators of concrete work production. Statistical information on structural damage and collapse of buildings during their operation was processed. To make organizational and technological decisions to improve the quality of concrete work, it is proposed to take the influence of defects on the load-bearing capacity of buildings as an indicator of the quality level.Results. Using practical and expert methods, the most significant reasons (factors) for the occurrence of inconsistencies in the level of quality of concrete work production have been established. Factors have been identified that have the greatest influence on the change in the load-bearing capacity and reliability of buildings and structures being erected when performing the main types of construction and installation work. The nomenclature of technological quality indicators during winter production of concrete work, their influence on quality substantiated, and methods for assessing the quality of winter concreting technology are developed. Quantitative indicators of the quality of construction of monolithic reinforced concrete structures were obtained.Discussion and conclusions. The practical value of the work lies in the development of a methodological tool for creating a regulatory framework for operational construction control of the production of monolithic and prefabricated monolithic construction and installation works under conditions of exposure to low temperatures, as well as for acceptance control of compliance of completed construction projects with quality requirements. Proposals are given for establishing regulatory tolerances, ways to improve the manufacturability of the equipment used, a new method for designing winter concreting technology, and a quality control method focused on ensuring structural safety have been developed. By developing the research, it is further possible to develop methods for calculating technology parameters taking into account technological variability, as well as establish new indicators to regulate the required level of quality and safety of buildings being built.

Technological features of cultural ecosystem services assessment

The benefits that city residents receive from green spaces related to maintaining their health are a group of cultural ecosystem services (CES). To avoid subjectivity in the assessment of CES, there is a methodology based on determining the effectiveness of green spaces in providing them. Currently, there is no technological scheme for assessing the CES available to urban planners. Accordingly, the purpose of the paper is to highlight the technological features of the CES assessment. Methodologically, the work consists in creating a geodatabase (DB) on the state of green spaces and anthropogenic pressure on them. All the calculation indicators proposed in the methodology should be included in the database as attributes, and their calculation should be performed as working scenarios documented in the form of automated calculation models, etc. The technology is based on QGIS/SAGA spatial analysis tools (QGIS version 3.32.1-Lima), which contains the necessary basic geoprocessing algorithms and modules for calculating the CES. The technology for estimating CES is presented in the Model_CES. The functioning of the Model_CES depends on the amount and quality of input data. As input data, the database includes information on: urban green spaces; vegetation; landscapes; areas with multi-age urban development; local areas of urban population concentration; survey statistics, etc. Attribute information is the basis for the correct operation of the Model_CES algorithms, in particular, the calculation of parameters by which it is proposed to assess the volume of CES. Adequate to the parameters, a file database in the GeoPackage format was formed in accordance with the standards of the Open Geospatial Consortium - Model_CES, which contains the input data sets: tabular: "survey_all"; vector: "Vegetation", "BGI", "local_district", "hollow", "age_consruct". Technological procedures and algorithm for calculating CES volumes and risks of their loss in Model_CES form calculation blocks: 1. a block for determining the potential of green spaces in providing CES; 2. a block for determining the effectiveness of the green space in providing CES - the real supply of CES; 3. a block for calculating the volume of ecosystem services and the risks of their loss; 4. a block for calculating the score of alternative availability of the green space. As a result, the proposed algorithm produces the output geodataset "BGI_CES". After the implementation of the technology, this dataset contains attribute information about each green space, in particular, their ability to provide cultural ecosystem services, efficiency in providing CES, the volume of CES and the risks of their loss. Thus, the paper solves the scientific task of creating an assessment technology that meets the following requirements: it is suitable for processing information that is spatially distributed; it is focused on the availability of uncertain and often limited data; it is available for use by specialists of design and other institutions that may be limited in data. The presented technology can be used in urban planning practice as a tool for improving the quality of urban green spaces, their sustainable development and providing citizens with the maximum amount of CES.

Dark pottery from the early Iron Age in southern Veneto, Italy: The provenance issue under the adoption of specific technological procedures

One of the earliest known settlements of Pre-Roman Padua, Veneto Region (north-eastern Italy) was located in the very centre of the present-day city. The archaeological excavations revealed structures related to craft activities (metallurgical and pottery workshops) and residential areas datable from the late 9th to the 1st century BCE. A large pyrotechnic structure formed by an earthen block densely filled and covered by broken ceramic vessels was found, bringing to light the earliest foundry of the Pre-Roman Padua known to date. Many potsherds found in the site correspond to a regional ceramic class that included coarse and fine wares mainly composed of very dark ceramic bodies. A multi-analytical study based on macroscopic and petrographic descriptions as well as mineralogical, geochemical and microstructural analyses, was carried out in order to state the technological choices adopted for producing these dark vessels and the provenance of the raw materials. A poorly manufacturing was adopted to produce the common pottery, resulting coarse wares uneven textured, while the fine wares were produced by adopting the purification of the base clays and/or the tempering of the clay pastes. Common geo-resources were used, consisting in illitic-chloritic clays rich in quartz and feldspars, the firing regime conditions covered a range of maximum temperatures (normally under 850 °C) and the temper was constituted by silicate (chiefly quartzite, rhyolite and trachyte rock fragments) and/or carbonate (calcite and/or dolomite) inclusions, that were added after having been grounded and/or sieved. The specific mineral and lithic markers of provenance identified in the sherds confirmed the correspondence of this pottery with a local production. However, the specific technological choices that were carried out must be taking into consideration, since the purification removed the larger grains originally present in the base clays and the tempering influenced the chemical composition of the sherds. The different degree of purification of the base clays and the differential tempering procedures that were accomplished point out the adoption of very specific recipes to produce the fine wares, suggesting the correspondence of this local ceramic class with diverse sub-productions and the high level of specialization achieved by the potters in southern Veneto during the Early Iron Age.

Compatibility study of mirtazapine with several excipients used in pharmaceutical dosage forms employing thermal and non-thermal methods

AbstractMirtazapine is an atypical antidepressant used in the management of insomnia, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety or panic disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder and migraines. It is used worldwide in pharmaceutical formulations alongside various excipients in its hemihydrate form. The objective of the study was the compatibility evaluation between MRTHH and ten pharmaceutical excipients. The presence of incompatibilities between the API and the selected excipients was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy performed on all pure samples and prepared mixtures at room temperature (23 ± 2 °C), as well as a complete thermal stress evaluation (TG—thermogravimetric/DTG—derivative thermogravimetric/DSC—differential scanning calorimetry). The results showed particularities for all analyzed mixtures, α-lactose monohydrate, starch, sorbitol, magnesium stearate, calcium lactate and magnesium citrate proving to be safe to use together with mirtazapine in binary mixtures at temperatures below 130 °C, while for polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 and aerosol precautions need to be considered at temperatures over 100 °C. The association of mirtazapine with D-mannitol or stearic acid proved to raise concerns even at room temperature, indicating possible interactions that may alter the chemical integrity of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and with it, its therapeutic effect. These findings should be taken into consideration during the selection of the technological procedures used in the manufacturing process of dosage forms that include mirtazapine alongside with any of these excipients so that unwanted chemical interactions could be avoided.

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods.

Aeromaterials represent a class of increasingly attractive materials for various applications. Among them, aero-ZnS has been produced by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on sacrificial ZnO templates consisting of networks of microtetrapods and has been proposed for microfluidic applications. In this paper, a cost-effective technological approach is proposed for the fabrication of aero-ZnS by using physical vapor transport with Sn2S3 crystals and networks of ZnO microtetrapods as precursors. The morphology of the produced material is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while its crystalline and optical qualities are assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. We demonstrate possibilities for controlling the composition and the crystallographic phase content of the prepared aerogels by the duration of the technological procedure. A scheme of deep energy levels and electronic transitions in the ZnS skeleton of the aeromaterial was deduced from the PL analysis, suggesting that the produced aerogel is a potential candidate for photocatalytic and sensor applications.

2015 개정 실과 교육과정 기반 실과 교과서의 발명교육 단원에 반영된 메이커 역량 분석

The purpose of this study was to analyze the maker competencies reflected in the invention and problem solving units of the practical arts textbook developed based on the 2015 revised practical arts curriculum, to investigate the possibility of cultivating maker competencies through invention education of practical arts, and to identify maker competencies in the invention and problem solving units. To achieve this purpose, 6 maker competency groups and 23 core competencies reflected in the invention education units of the 6th grade practical arts textbook were analyzed according to the achievement standards related to invention and problem solving in the 2015 revised practical arts curriculum. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, problem finding, integrated thinking, and making practice competency groups were most reflected with reflection rates of 100%, 75.0%, and 69.0% in the practical textbook invention education units based on the 2015 revised practical arts curriculum, respectively. And the making mind competency group was reflected the most at a rate of 29.2%. Collaboration and human-centered competency groups were identified as the least reflected competency groups at 8.3% and 4.2%, respectively. Second, compared to the [5,6 grade group - practical arts - 5th area - 3th achievement standard] unit, which is a theoretical study to understand the meaning and importance of invention and invention techniques, [5,6 grade group - practical arts - 5th area - 4th achievement standard] is a practical learning unit based on technological problem-solving procedures. It was found that the integrated thinking competency group was reflected more. In addition, the [5,6 grade group - practical arts - 5th area - 4th achievement standard] unit mostly reflected all making practice competency groups except for understanding competency in electricity and programming. In particular, the problem finding competency group was found to be reflected in all units of the achievement standard. Third, it was found that integrated thinking, making mind, problem discovery, and making practice competency groups could be developed relatively more through learning in the invention education unit of the practical arts textbook based on the 2015 revised practical arts curriculum. On the other hand, if the maker competency group and core competencies that had a very low reflection rate or were not reflected at all are added and supplemented with the cultivation plan proposed in this study, it is believed that more maker competencies can be developed through invention education in practical arts. The results of this study are expected to contribute to cultivating students' maker competencies by promoting effective reflection of maker competencies in the design and development stages of invention education units based on the 2022 revised practical arts curriculum.

Нейросетевой анализ влияния внешних факторов на микроэлементный профиль и биомассу микрозелени Brássica júncea L.

Growing organic microgreens indoors requires a unified technological procedure with various external elicitors. The quality of seedlings depends on their ability to accumulate essential microelements. This research assessed the nutrient profile of mustard microgreens using the method of fractal calculation with repeating numerical series.
 The experiment involved mustard (Brássica júncea L.) of the Nika variety grown in a closed box for 15 days under aggregation with an intensive 16-h photocycle (440 µmoL m2/s). The plants were inoculated with the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. A solution of fulvic acids (100 mg/L) served as a stabilizing organic additive and was introduced into the coconut substrate. The physical treatment included weak static electromagnetic field with magnetic induction (20 mT). The elemental analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry on an ICPE-9000 device (Shimadzu, Japan).
 According to the calculated indices of the microelement biocomposition, the best result belonged to the sample treated with fulvic acids and weak electromagnetic field (IndBcomL = 0.27). The resulting biomass of dry powder for elemental analysis was 10.2 g, which was twice as high as the values obtained in the control sample, not subjected to any external influences (5.2 g). All the variants with mycorrhization produced no positive effect on the total pool of microelements during vegetation. 
 The increase in biomass averaged as low as 20%. Zinc increased by 33.3% while aluminum and iron decreased by 59.5 and 18.0%, respectively.
 The neural network analysis of the microelements in mustard microgreens proved effective as a mathematical model for biochemical diagnostics of biomass quality. The method could be used to optimize the biotechnological process for other indoor crops as it makes it possible to partially substitute mineral fertilizers with organic and bacterial complex.

A ADAPTAÇÃO DE INSTRUMENTOS TECNOLÓGICOS E O PROCEDIMENTO AVALIATIVO NA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA

The present study has as its theme “the adaptation of technological instruments and evaluative procedure in inclusive education”, in view of numerous concerns about the infi nitive verb evaluate.The objective of this article is to recognize and apply diff erent methodologies that increase inclusion policies to enable the learning of students with autism in regular schools. It is considered that in the evaluation it is fundamental to recognize the dissimilarity of the abilities of each student, using in this procedure inclusive approaches with adaptive investments to ensure a fair and meaningful learning. The fundamentals of the approach have a qualitative character, where the main procedures used were data collection, interviews, reports and observations, in the approach of monitoring and evolution involving the student of 1st year of high school: Maria Isadora Gonçalo de Melo, accompanied by the teacher of the AEE (Specialized Educational Service) Bruna Freitas Ricarte de Melo holder of the state school Plácido Aderaldo Castelo in the municipality of Caririaçu state of Ceará. . The results showed that the student with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder), present diffi culties and slowness in learning, in the specifi c case of the student under study, also has low vision, where the challenges increase. However, it is important to rely on didactic resources and understand that the teaching methodology is vast and fl exible, thus increasing the quality of teaching. Other technological resources that deserve to be highlighted: AT (Assistive Technology), ICTs (Information and Communication Technology), Platform 123 autism among others, which undoubtedly provides quality in teaching, autonomy and independence in development within the limitations of the learner.

Subject-related communicative language competence: Exploring future information technology specialists' learning and teaching

The need for IT professionals with fluency in foreign languages becomes increasingly critical as the Kazakhstani government implements steps to foster IT innovation. However, there are structural, geographical and professional imbalances in the interaction of supply and demand for IT professionals who can speak a foreign language in the modern labour market which is the main problem that is currently hindering the growth of the IT sector in Kazakhstan. The aim of this study was to assess the development of subject communicative language competencies (a) in linguistic or grammatical ability and (b) in discourse ability in first-year students for the proposed author's innovative learning technique in the educational process as well as the appropriate technological and systematic procedures. A mixed-research method was used in this study. The study involved 365 learners in the "Informatics" direction at the International University of Information Technologies in Almaty, Kazakhstan during the school year 2021-2022. According to the findings, the experiment participants did not develop subject-related communicative language competencies. The results show that the degree of capability formation is not satisfactory. 52.8% is the basic level, 41.6% is the production point and only 5.8% is the high level. Positive dynamics shaping learners' subject-related language communication competencies were identified as a result of the implementation of innovative techniques. This paper contributes to the research on teaching IT students in developing countries and highlights the most important factors that contribute to improve the level of subject-related communicative language competencies of IT students.

Study of the environmental impact of the process of recycling fibrous waste

The paper considers the formation of composites based on mixtures of powders of highly dispersed polyethylene, polystyrene, natural silk and wool, cellulose, which have good physical and mechanical properties and are suitable for using materials with desired properties. The paper also provides information about composites, the principles of creating polymer composite materials. The main technological methods for obtaining composite materials and methods for molding products based on them are given. It contains data on the features of the structure and properties of the obtained polymer composites: particulate-filled, fiberreinforced, polymer mixtures. The study's findings also show that the creation of new technological procedures will enable the optimization of waste's resource potential, the reduction of waste sent for disposal to lessen waste's detrimental effects on the environment, and the expansion of the range of materials available for use in household, technical, and special applications. The parameters of the greatest technologies currently in use are suggested, together with technological, technical, and administrative solutions for waste processing.

Соціальна відповідальність у сфері енергетики в інтересах розвитку розподіленої генерації та суспільної стабільності

The essence and content of the processes of ensuring social responsibility by entities managing distributed generation, energy business corporations and joint-stock companies and energy regulators are defined and detailed. This made it possible to classify the main types of social responsibility and to formulate the target tasks of energy market participants. A complex of technical and technological procedures and means of coordination of the processes of ensuring the stability of the functioning of the national energy system is proposed for use in order to harmonize the volumes and modes of electricity supply to the network from distributed generation and energy business corporations and joint-stock companies. It includes: smart power system management systems; smart energy management systems; demand forecasting methods; network integration devices; technologies of energy storage and accumulation; remote monitoring and control technologies used by operators; standardization of activities and ensuring mutual compatibility of technologies; development and implementation of contingency plans and emergency scenarios to eliminate violations of energy supply regimes. For public administration entities and regulators in the performance of social responsibility functions and effective control over the activities of economic entities, it is recommended: a) to conduct an analysis of the activities of managers, an assessment of their compliance with the assigned tasks; b) clarify the responsibility of managers; c) approve reporting systems; d) determine rewards and amounts of punishment; e) engage independent experts or audit firms to evaluate activities; g) adapt the existing system of discussion and feedback; h) exercise public pressure and public reaction. The author's work made it possible to develop and propose for use a five-stage Algorithm of management actions for the coordination of the processes of ensuring the stability of the functioning of the national energy system with the rationalization and coordination of the compatibility of volumes and modes of supply to the electricity network from distributed generation enterprises and energy business corporations and joint-stock companies. Within its limits, a number of target tasks are formulated and the deadlines for those responsible for their implementation are determined.

Исследование сценариев устойчивости технологического развития региональных промышленных комплексов

The study reveals the results of consideration of problematic issues reflecting the choice of scenario options for the sustainability of technological development of regional industrial complexes. The methodology of application of modular models under study provided an opportunity to identify the goal orientation and key aspects of the sustainability of technological development at the regional level. Among the specific features of the methodology under consideration, it is advisable to include: a set of parameters of technological development; substantiation of the essential features influencing the formation of a model of technological development of a regional industrial complex based on a scenario-modular approach. The considered features provide an opportunity to specify the fundamental principles of the classical theory of sustainable development in the context of insufficiently researched issues of the regional economy. In the process of methodological application of the methodology under consideration, a scenario-modular approach is justified, aimed at achieving the goals of sustainability of technological development and expressed in the formation of predictive scenarios of technological development based on local modules, various combinations of which allow synthesizing all possible scenarios. The advantages of the scenario-modular approach include: the achievability of standardization of technological development; identification of the integration nature of technological development; designing a predictive option for investing resources in technological development; substantiation of a scenario modular model. The given model makes it possible to: streamline the structure of products; systematize technological processes and management procedures.

Правоприменительная практика по договору технологического присоединения к электрическим сетям

The article analyzes materials of the judicial practice on issues of technological connection to electrical grids. The reviewed examples show that: a) the judicial practice is contradictory, and judgments in certain cases are issued at violation of the principle of technological connection on a once-only basis; b) the laws on technological connection need to be updated in terms of determination of the party responsible for payment for grid operator services if the technological connection procedure started by the initial owner of a connected real estate unit is completed by a new owner. Law improvement proposals are brought forward as a result of the performed study, in particular, it is suggested to include in the Technological Connection Rules a provision to place title holders of real estate units, on the territory of which the applicant’s energy receiver is located, under an obligation to throw no obstacles in the way of a grid operator performing technological connection. It is also suggested to supplement the standard technological connection agreement with a clause imposing the obligation to pay for grid operator services on the real estate owner.