Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Research Research Articles

Is contextual knowledge a key component of expertise for teaching with technology? A systematic literature review

The technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework is a prominent framework for describing the knowledge teachers require for teaching in the digital era. Recently, the component of “context” was officially recognized as an additional domain of knowledge. Since then, this domain has started to gradually gain more attention in TPACK research. Yet research on contextual knowledge (XK) appears somewhat sporadic, indicating the need for greater clarity on this construct. As the domain representing the knowledge of educational contexts, the role of experience in educational contexts emerges as a key point for shedding light on this construct. The present systematic literature review aimed to offer an overview of the representations and functions associated with XK through the lens of experience and investigated this domain through comparing the empirical literature focusing on preservice teachers (less experienced) to that focusing on inservice teachers (more experienced). Systematically screening the literature resulted in a final sample of 15 studies conducted among preservice teachers and 23 on inservice teachers. Records were analyzed through qualitative codings and quantitative comparisons of these codes between these two groups of studies. Findings revealed a consistent multifaceted structure of XK across both inservice and preservice teacher studies with a distinctive greater focus on school-level factors in inservice teacher studies. In addition, across groups, studies provided evidence confirming XK as a domain supporting teachers’ practice, that can be developed, and that relates to other pedagogically relevant constructs. These findings are discussed with regards to their implications for researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders.

A Comprehensive Review of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)

This review of 36 studies investigates the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework and instructional practices in various educational contexts. The majority of the reviewed studies focus on pre-service and in-service teachers, highlighting the multifaceted nature of TPACK research. Various demographic factors, technology-related variables, and research methodologies were considered, revealing diverse approaches, characteristics, and trends. A majority of the reviewed studies utilized non-probability sampling techniques, indicating a need for more consistency in sampling procedures to facilitate the comparison and synthesis of findings. The findings suggest that future research should prioritize developing well-defined research questions and data management practices to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the findings. Furthermore, future studies should continue to explore the complex relationships between TPACK and various aspects of instructional practices, as well as the potential impact of TPACK on student learning outcomes. By building on these findings and employing rigorous research methods, future studies can continue to advance our understanding of the role of TPACK in shaping effective instructional practices, ultimately contributing to the improvement of teaching and learning in the digital age. However, the study's focus on articles published in journals hosted by ULAKBIM and conducted in Turkey, as well as the exclusion of non-empirical research, may have limited the generalizability of the findings to other contexts and populations. Additionally, the lack of explicit information on data cleaning procedures and missing data from the studies reviewed might affect the accuracy and reliability of the findings.

Running in circles: A systematic review of reviews on technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)

Extensive research exists on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model and has led to a substantial number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. These publications vary greatly in their focus and provide overviews of specific aspects of TPACK research. This paper aims to consolidate these insights and investigate the following research questions: What do systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses reveal about the current state of the art of TPACK research? What is the methodological quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of TPACK? This study identified 21 systematic reviews and 2 meta-analyses eligible for analysis. Overall, the review of the reviews revealed that many of the recurring theoretical or methodological issues of the TPACK framework remain unresolved. To address these issues, research on TPACK needs to simultaneously account for the complex, situated, and dynamic nature of TPACK and clarify the concept of professional knowledge. The review engenders several directions for future research, including a better operationalization of knowledge, more experimental and longitudinal studies, and a more comprehensive measurement and integration of student learning as a dependent variable in research on TPACK.

The Impact of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) on Learning Outcomes: A Bibliometric Review

<span lang="EN-AU">This study aims to analyze the research landscape regarding Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) which is related to learning outcomes, using the bibliometric analysis method. The data used comes from the Scopus database. After going through the four stages of the process (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion), 41 relevant data were obtained. The results showed that the most publications related to TPACK and learning outcomes occurred in 2022 with a total of 6 publications. Meanwhile, the most cited publication occurred in 2017 with 267 citations. The United States has had a major influence on TPACK research and study outcomes. The research focus is divided into three main parts, namely 1) engineering and curriculum; 2) teaching and student; and 3) technology integration. Several new themes in this field include self-regulation, children learning, self-assessment, teaching strategies, learning activities and educational computing. However, the TPACK keywords which were the most dominant in the three research focuses were not directly connected with the three new theme keywords, namely self-regulation, children learning, and teaching strategies</span><span lang="IN">.</span>

TPACK and Teachers’ Self-Efficacy: A Systematic Review

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) studies have surged over the past few years, however, there is a lack of studies that have comprehensively reviewed and synthesized data on teachers’ TPACK self-efficacy. The present review aimed to provide data on research methods, study samples, subject domains, and evaluation approaches used in the TPACK studies to date. The review also aimed to analyze teachers’ TPACK self-efficacy, self-efficacy beliefs, computer self-efficacy, and technology support concerning professional development. Five best bets (most searched databases) were selected on the Electronic Business Source Complete (EBSCO) host platform. An abstract level screening was conducted for 136 peer-reviewed articles, and 75 articles were selected for the detailed screening. The analyses were focused on year-wide appearance of TPACK studies, research methods, study samples, subject domains, and evaluation approaches used. The growth and development of TPACK self-efficacy was examined using the narrative approach. Results indicated that professional development interventions were effective in improving teachers’ TPACK self-efficacy. Also, TPACK-based argumentation practices helped participants strengthen their perceptions toward the integration of technology in classrooms. The implications of the findings for teacher preparation programs and other professional development activities were presented.

THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE (TPACK) ON LEARNING OUTCOMES: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW

This study aims to analyze the research landscape regarding Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) which is related to learning outcomes, using the bibliometric analysis method. The data used comes from the Scopus database. After going through the four stages of the process (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion), 41 relevant data were obtained. The results showed that the most publications related to TPACK and learning outcomes occurred in 2022 with a total of 6 publications. Meanwhile, the most cited publication occurred in 2017 with 267 citations. The United States has had a major influence on TPACK research and study outcomes. The research focus is divided into three main parts, namely 1) engineering and curriculum; 2) teaching and student; and 3) technology integration. Several new themes in this field include self-regulation, children learning, self-assessment, teaching strategies, learning activities and educational computing. However, the TPACK keywords which were the most dominant in the three research focuses were not directly connected with the three new theme keywords, namely self-regulation, children learning, and teaching strategies. By understanding the trends and research focus related to TPACK and learning outcomes, researchers and education practitioners can obtain useful guidance for developing innovative and effective teaching strategies, as well as designing curricula that match students' learning needs.
 
 Keywords: bibliometric, learning outcomes, TPACK

Overview of the TPACK Model in Digital Learning: A Bibliometric Analysis

This bibliometric analysis provides an overview of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model of digital learning. The TPACK Model refers to integrating three types of knowledge: technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge, to effectively integrate technology in learning and teaching. Using a comprehensive search strategy, it identified 123 relevant articles from the Scopus database in fiscal years 2013 – 2022. The results reveal that articles and journals focused on learning and technology dominate in terms of citations. Furthermore, Scopus database publishing journals are dominated by Q1 rankings. Meanwhile, the UK became the country with the most significant articles. The results of the VOSviewer visualization revealed that seven clusters showed that digital learning requires technology, various good tools, and the development of educator proficiency levels. This study provide insights into TPACK research trends and patterns, which may inform future research direction and practice in a digital learning environment. Teachers can apply TPACK to digital learning well; it is crucial to be equipped with digital competencies first before he becomes professional educator through preservice training because TPACK is closely related to technological knowledge and pedagogy that will make teachers skilled and creative in applying learning with the help of digital technology.

Preservice teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge development: A bibliometric review

Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) has become an emerging topic in teacher education research. This review aims to analyze the global trends of the research on preservice teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) development. The bibliometric approach examines preservice teachers’ TPACK by identifying the most cited publications, journals, authors, funding agencies, and keywords used in the eligible studies (N = 114). The results show that preservice teachers’ TPACK research began in 2007 and the scientific community’s interest in this subject has been irregular. This study presents a global perspective on preservice teachers’ TPACK and provides researchers with future directions.

A Review of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Research Frontier and Music Disciplinary Path

Since the advent of the theoretical framework of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), this field has gradually become a research forefront and hotspot in China and abroad, demonstrating an evident trend of disciplinary development. In recent years, the research on TPACK has attracted increased attention with the increase in the importance of teacher competence and interest in the application of technology to education. Firstly, this study organises the theoretical basis of TPACK by explaining the concept and introducing the main models of related research. Second, it analyses the international trends in mainstream research, especially the research hotspots and cases in the field of music. Finally, this study summarises the advantages and disadvantages of relevant research in China on the basis of the current research situation in China and discusses potential development directions in the future.

Trend of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) for Pre-service Science Teacher: A Historical Review

Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) is critical for effective technology-enhanced education and has been increasing for several years. This research aims to provide a historical overview of TPACK-related studies for pre-service teachers, particularly those in the science department. The databases held 143 papers from 2012 to 2022, which were reviewed in four steps: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion, yielding 44 noteworthy articles on TPACK research. The meta-analysis design was utilized in the study, with the parameters of the study's purpose, method/design, sample, data collection, and location. According to the data, most studies measure pre-service teachers' TPACK using a variety of techniques and samples. And recently, the quantitative method has grabbed the lead. TPACK studies have grown in quantity over time, with the emphasis on measuring and enhancing pre-service teachers' TPACK. Despite the fact that the trend is increasing, the Indonesian context is still rare, and this study suggests that additional research into the TPACK environment in Indonesia is essential.

Equitable access to TPACK research: Tensions about using social media to disseminate scholarship

Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) was established in the literature in 2005 as a valuable framework for researchers and educators to conceptualize technology integration. The rapid adoption of TPACK has produced an abundance of scholarship that applies to the TPACK framework. Research has also served to advance the framework itself. Despite the flurry of activity surrounding TPACK, not all practitioners and researchers are able to access the TPACK literature. The authors of this study wondered if traditional dissemination practices may be creating an access gap for researchers and practitioners. Using an explanatory sequential mixed methods survey design, the authors investigated the perceptions of a diverse sample of 88 participants to characterize how they view access to and dissemination of TPACK research. Since social media has become a common approach to professional learning, the dissemination of research-based strategies for technology integration is limited when social media is not encouraged or when it is discouraged. Yet, a diverse group of higher education professionals stated they rarely share research on social media because it is a practice promotion and tenure hardly rewards. The findings also indicate the participants exhibited a tension between their beliefs about research access and dissemination and their dissemination practices. The authors believe this may be what Kuhn has identified as an essential tension, a precursor to a paradigm shift in how researchers disseminate their scholarship. This study has implications for future practice, policy, and research regarding the ethical and equitable practices for the dissemination of scholarship.

Research trend on TPACK through bibliometric analysis (2015-2019)

<span>This paper aims to analyze the scientific trend of research on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) through bibliometric study and explore how the contribution of Indonesian researchers in the Scopus database from 2015 to 2019. The sample was composed of 2075 documents in total. The results revealed that scientific publication on TPACK has been increasing. United States contributed the most documents on TPACK as well as Singapore’s institutions dominated in this area. Meanwhile, Indonesia put its two representative’s institutions: Universitas Sebelas Maret and Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, among the big ten institutions in the world. All Indonesian documents produced by teacher-producing universities and public universities. United States and Taiwan have also contributed to the most productive authors of TPACK. Then, the visualization of research trend on TPACK resulted in four major clusters: i) TPACK as a system; ii) TPACK in relating to its scale; iii) TPACK in connecting with quantitative parameters; and iv) TPACK under beliefs, intention, and technology acceptance. The research findings could aid related researchers to recognize the trend of TPACK research and recommend directions for further research.</span>

CURRENT TRENDS IN TPACK RESEARCH IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF LITERATURE FROM 2017 TO 2021

In this 21st century, traditional ways of teaching and learning have been changed with the evolution of technology. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) is one of the conceptual models developed by researchers to facilitate teachers’ professional development. It is believed that TPACK should be developed and mastered by teachers to achieve effective implementation of technology in teaching and learning. This systematic literature review aims to investigate current trends in TPACK research in English language education literature published between 2017 to 2021. The keywords “Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge”, “TPACK”, “English language”, “ESL”, “EFL” and “English teachers” with some modifications using “AND” and “OR” were used to obtain relevant articles from Scopus and ProQuest databases. The study inclusion process was done following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020’s framework. There were 14 articles yielded and included in this systematic literature review. The results show that TPACK studies in English language education were carried out worldwide. Moreover, half of the reviewed studies used pre-service English language teachers as the participants while others used in-service or both of them. Meanwhile, some studies used English language learners as the participants. In addition, there are a variety of methods including quantitative, qualitative and mixed method employed by the researchers of reviewed studies. We also identified 5 key emerging themes of the reviewed studies including measurement of TPACK level (64%), the relationship between TPACK and other variables (29%), strategy to develop TPACK (29%), implementation of TPACK (14%) and development of TPACK instrument (21%). This paper implies researchers in the English language education field, especially in Malaysia. Further studies on TPACK need to be conducted due to the limited current research in Malaysia.

Research Trends in Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): A Systematic Literature Review from 2010 to 2021

<p style="text-align: justify;">In recent years, integrating technology into education continues to attract more attention along with the rapid growth of information and communication technology. In the literature, teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) plays an essential role in successfully integrating technology into teaching and learning contexts. This study aims to provide a comprehensive view of prior literature and some possible directions for researchers and educators for further TPACK studies. A total of 106 papers were chosen from the Springer database and synthesized. Frequency of annual publications, number of documents with and without TPACK in the title, research methods, number of authors, major contributed countries, most cited papers, and most productive journals in TPACK research were reviewed. The results showed that TPACK has continued to receive attention from researchers in the past decade. Among the reviewed publications, each of the 53 documents included the term TPACK in the title and abstract. To date, qualitative methods were more frequently adopted in TPACK research than quantitative, mixed, and non-empirical methods. Most papers published in TPACK research have two authors. When ranked by country, the US has the highest contribution compared to other countries in this field, followed by Turkey, Australia, Singapore, and Taiwan. The authors with the most cited papers were Min-Hsien Lee and Chin-Chung Tsai with 210 citations. Based on the number of articles published in TPACK, <em>The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher</em> and <em>TechTrends</em> seemed to be the most contributing journal in this field.</p>

Current trends in TPACK research in science education: a systematic review of literature from 2011 to 2017

This paper reviews the research published from 2011 to 2017 that focuses on the characteristics and emerging topics on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in Science education. A systematic search of the relevant research was undertaken of electronic databases including ERIC and Scopus using several key terms. Focussing on peer-reviewed journal articles, the screening process began with a perusal of the title and abstract, followed by the analysis of the purpose, method, findings, discussion and conclusion. The results showed that most of the research used pre-service teachers as the participants (56%). One-third used in-service teachers (31%) or both of them (13%). Furthermore, our results showed that the majority of studies use general science context (69%). Fewer studies focussed on specific subject domains, including biology (13%), Chemistry (19%), and Physics (6%). Based on the analysis of the current research, we found five key emerging trends, including the identification of teachers’ TPACK (100%), the relationship between TPACK and other components of technology integration (19%), strategies to developing preservice teachers TPACK (50%), how teacher implement TPACK (44%), and developing an instrument for TPACK (19%). Based on the analysis, we suggest some topics that need further investigation.

TPACKEA Model for Teaching and Students’ Learning

The framework, Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Ethics and Accomplishment (TPACKEA) provides an extension to a modified TPACK framework by adding ‘Ethics’ and ‘Accomplishment’. The reason is that further theoretical formulations and deployments need to be carried out on Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) if TPACK research is to harmonize and constructively strengthen the field of blended/full online learning in higher education. It is a qualitative study that employed in-depth interviews for data collection. The data collection procedure of this study employed a judgmental sampling of twenty (20) lecturers who used Sakai/MOODLE Learning Management System (LMS) for teaching. It was observed that the extension of the modified TPACK framework to include ‘Ethics’ and ‘Accomplishment’ needs was in practical terms suitable and necessary for effective teaching and learning in higher education. It has been recommended that universities provide education on academic ethics and appropriate behaviours, sponsor lecturers in their academic careers and create an enabling environment for teaching and learning so that lecturers will get to the state of accomplishment in a blended learning milieu.

Creating tools for inquiry-based mathematics learning from technological pedagogical content knowledge perspectives: Collaborative design approach

This study employed the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework to guide the collaborative design process between preservice and practicing teachers. The teams designed technological pedagogical mathematics tools (TPMTs) for inquiry-based learning based on the syllabi for secondary mathematics. The content of the chat messages of preservice and practicing teachers was coded with different dimensions of TPACK to unpack the process of how the teams arrived at critical design decisions. The TPMTs were further evaluated by 30 practicing mathematics teachers, with respect to three criteria: (1) technology tools and curriculum goals, (2) technology tools and teaching activities, and (3) the fit between pedagogy and technology. The content analysis revealed that the collaborative design process involved three clear stages, demarcated by the different versions of the TMPTs: replacement, enhancement, and transformation. Practicing teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge played a crucial role in the design of pedagogically sound tools, and for refining the initial TPACK of preservice teachers. The subsequent evaluations supported the positive pedagogical values of the TPMTs. Overall, this study contributes to TPACK research with a case where the collaborative design process with distributed expert knowledge can be synthesised to create pedagogically sound technological tools for mathematics.

Teachers’ pedagogical reasoning and reframing of practice in digital contexts

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of teachers’ reframing of practice in digital contexts by analysing teachers’ pedagogical reasoning processes as they explore ways of using information and communication technologies (ICT) to create added pedagogical value.Design/methodology/approachA design-based research (DBR) approach is employed, in which the on-site researcher collaborates with eight teachers of English as a foreign language in four Swedish schools over a period of two years. Multiple data sources are included for thematic coding and analysis. The technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework is used as a conceptual construct in the analysis.FindingsThe findings show that teachers’ pedagogical reasoning is a complex and multidimensional process and is closely integrated with teachers’ reframing of practice. Common characteristics in the teachers’ reframing of practice are identified. The results highlight the reciprocal relationship between developments in teachers’ pedagogical reasoning and TPACK development and the need for a distinction between general and specific, theoretical and practical TPACK.Research limitations/implicationsAn increased focus on TPACK research on teachers’ pedagogical reasoning is required. DBR is a relevant approach for this.Practical implicationsThe pedagogical uses of ICT identified as adding value could benefit teachers in other contexts.Originality/valueRich data from multiple design contexts are collected and analysed over time through DBR. The paper contributes new knowledge about the process of pedagogical reasoning and its relation to teachers’ reframing of practice. The paper also contributes to TPACK theory development.

Prompting teachers’ reflection of their professional knowledge. A proof-of-concept study of the Graphic Assessment of TPACK Instrument

Many educational technology proponents support the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) model as a way to conceptualize teaching with technology, but recent TPACK research shows a need for empirical studies regarding the development of this knowledge. This proof-of-concept study applies mixed-methods to investigate the meta-cognitive awareness produced by teachers who participate in the Graphic Assessment of TPACK Instrument (GATI). This process involves creating graphical representations (circles of differing sizes and the degree of their overlap) that represent what teachers understand to be their current and aspired TPACK. This study documented teachers’ explanations during a think-aloud procedure as they created their GATI figures. The in-depth data from two German teachers who participated in the process captured the details of their experience and demonstrated the potential of the GATI to support teachers in reflecting about their professional knowledge and in determining their own professional development activities. These findings will be informative to future pilot studies involving the larger design of the GATI process, to better understand the role of teachers’ meta-conceptual awareness, and to better ascertain how the GATI might be used to support professional development on a larger scale.

Advancing teacher technology education using open-ended learning environments as research and training platforms

A primary concern of teacher technology education is for pre-service teachers to develop a sophisticated mental model of the affordances of technology that facilitates both teaching and learning with technology. One of the main obstacles to developing the requisite technological pedagogical content knowledge is the inherent challenge faced by teachers in monitoring and controlling certain aspects of their own learning while navigating the web and designing a lesson plan. This paper reviews preliminary findings obtained in our research with nBrowser, an intelligent web browser designed to support pre-service teachers’ self-regulated learning and acquisition of technological pedagogical content knowledge. Case examples of data mining techniques are presented that allow the discovery of knowledge regarding pre-service teachers’ information-seeking and acquisition behaviours and how to support them. The first case illustrates the use of simulated learner experiments, while the second involves the creation of a model to detect learner behaviours. We discuss the implications in terms of design guidelines recommendations for nBrowser as well as the broader impacts for future research on technological pedagogical content knowledge research and development.