Production Of Technological Knowledge Research Articles

Conceptualizing a Seamless Model of Technology Transfer: Evidence from Public Research Institutes and Universities in Indonesia

Technology transfer (TT) is essential in transforming and mobilizing technological knowledge from public research institutes (PRIs) and universities into innovations. The concept of TT has become the center of scholarly attention since implementing the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980. In its progression, TT models and practices varied across organizations. The standard adopted model at Indonesian PRIs and universities is the dissemination model. This classic model is problematic yet suitable for technological knowledge production within these organizations. Consequently, TT performance could be better; only a few technologies were successfully commercialized and became innovations. Meanwhile, most research results ended as publications and new intellectual properties. Therefore, a new model needs to enhance the TT processes. This study uses a multiple-case study approach to conceptualize a “seamless” technology transfer model. This model provides a holistic view of processes and components of technology transfer in the dimensions of knowledge creation, diffusion, and absorption, which are intertwined. The model differs from the existing concept that segregates components in each dimension; it allows actors and determinants to be involved (or utilized) in multiple dimensions to cater to a better TT process.

Drug Discovery, Diagnostic, and therapeutic trends on Mpox: A patent landscape

As of early 2022, Mpox has resurged and expanded globally, posing a new threat to global health. In close to 110 countries, 87,000 confirmed cases and 112 deaths have been reported as on April 18, 2023. Considering the current pandemic crisis and future developments, it is imperative to understand and characterize the global patent scenario of Mpox. In biological sciences, patents are often promising indicators of technological knowledge production. This patent landscape analysis is the first to provide a solid intellectual foundation for the ongoing development of diagnostic measures, therapeutic drug agents, and vaccines for Mpox. Our search encompassed several patent databases to identify patents related to Mpox, including PatSeer, Google patents, lens.org, Espacenet, and Patentscope. Patenting trends are discussed, and a Whitespace analysis is carried out in this paper, suggesting the knowledge gaps and promising areas for future research on Mpox. This study could serve as an epicentre for provoking ideas and mitigation strategies.

The Non-linear Relationship between Horizontal Pay Dispersion and Technological Knowledge Production

The Non-linear Relationship between Horizontal Pay Dispersion and Technological Knowledge Production

Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology: a crossing into a new society

This study has the purpose of discussing about science and technology, as prerogatives of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (IF), to emphasize its responsibility in the integrated training of the students, and not to launch itself as a mere strategic arm of the market and capital. For that, it was guided in the bibliographic technique, from exploratory and descriptive objectives, privileging an approach of critical analysis of historical-dialectical matrix. It is divided into three parts: a) the methodological procedures are presented; b) it deals with science and technology as elements that need to be interconnected in the training of the subject at IF; c) it deals with the integrated training at IF. It appears that teaching in Professional and Technological Education requires clarification from those involved in the epistemic challenges of the scientific and technological knowledge production, as well as their role in building a solidary, free, fair, and democratic society, considering the integrated human training.

R&D subsidies and firm innovation: does human capital matter?

ABSTRACT This paper examines the innovation impact of R&D subsidies in Spain. It contributes to the literature on technology policy by challenging the assumption considering this impact as homogenous across firms. The paper presents a conceptual framework in which the human capital composition of a firm’s R&D staff, defined in terms of education and skills, conditions the innovation impact of R&D subsidies. Using panel data for Spain, we find that the shares of Ph.Ds. and researchers within a firm’s R&D staff positively moderate the effect of national R&D subsidies on the production of technological knowledge. This fact shows the strategic value of Ph.Ds. and researchers in exploiting R&D subsidies. We also show that the contribution of Ph.Ds. is limited to the production of technological knowledge. In contrast, the contribution of researchers goes beyond the production of technological knowledge, also enhancing the R&D subsidy impact on the commercialisation of firms’ innovations.

CORRELATION BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION, R&D, INNOVATION AND PATENTS IN THE FUNCTIONAL FOOD SCENARIO

Patent filing is considered an index of a country's industrial development, it contributes to the strengthening of research, innovation and production of technological knowledge, that is, patents are considered relevant indicators to assess the country's ability to transform scientific knowledge into products or technological innovations. Thus, the study aimed to investigate whether scientific advancement, R&D and innovation in research institutions or companies are linked to the evolution of the quantity of patent filings in the area of functional food production. The methodology had a descriptive and quantitative nature, in relation to the study variables, they were obtained as follows: a) Patent variable was obtained from Espacenet; b) Scientific articles obtained from the Web of Science (WOS) database; c) The data on the variables (Innovation Index) were obtained by accessing the countryeconomy.com website; d) The variables (Manufactured Value Added, R&D, High Technology Exports) obtained from The World Bank DATA database. The data collection of the variables began in January/2021 and ended on March 22, 2021. To identify the correlation of these variables, Spearman's correlation coefficient was used, and for a better interpretation of the data and answers, the research hypotheses were analyzed from the scatter plot using the logarithmic transformation of the patent variable. The results and discussion showed a weak correlation ρ = 0.3038 between scientific production (articles) x patent filing aimed at the production of functional foods; positive correlation and a moderate degree (ρ = 0.6413) regarding investments in research and development x patent filing and a positive and weak correlation (ρ = 0.2903) regarding the innovation index x quantitative patents. In the final considerations, it is essential that governments provide the right and necessary incentives to foster the development and dissemination of ideas by the private sector whose objective is to promote a political, economic and institutional environment that encourages companies to invest in science, technology, R&D, intellectual property and innovation.

Contorting transformations: Uneven impacts of the U.S.–Mexico automotive industrial complex

Contrary to the triumphalist rhetoric that describes the automotive industry as a lever for both regional development in North America and industrial upgrading in Mexico, this article argues that the formation of the Mexico–U.S. automotive complex has instead been consolidated on the basis of longstanding processes of uneven regional development. To make this argument, the paper examines how global economic restructuring, trade policies, domestic economic development processes, transnational firm decision making and the maintenance of the geopolitical border have reproduced extreme wage differences between the United States and Mexico, resulting in the creation of a regional automotive sector that is both highly integrated and highly unequal. In this scenario, both nations are home to profoundly different industrial landscapes: the U.S. hosts the highest value-added links of the production chain, monopolizing processes of innovation and scientific and technological knowledge production, while in contrast, Mexico manufactures the most labour intense and lowest value-added links of the automotive production chain. From this perspective, the Mexican economy can be essentially understood as an export manufacturing platform which derives its ‘competitiveness’ from the aggressive industry maintenance of low wages.

Global landscape of patents related to human coronaviruses.

At present, the COVID-19 pandemic is running rampant, having caused 2.18 million deaths. Characterizing the global patent landscape of coronaviruses is essential not only for informing research and policy, given the current pandemic crisis, but also for anticipating important future developments. While patents are a promising indicator of technological knowledge production widely used in innovation research, they are often an underused resource in biological sciences. In this study, we present a patent landscape for the seven coronaviruses known to infect humans. The information included in this paper provides a strong intellectual groundwork for the ongoing development of therapeutic agents and vaccines along with a deeper discussion of intellectual property rights under epidemic conditions. The results show that there has been a rapid increase in human coronavirus patents, especially COVID-19 patents. China and the United States play an outstanding role in global cooperation and patent application. The leading role of academic institutions and government is increasingly apparent. Notable technological issues related to human coronaviruses include pharmacochemical treatment, diagnosis of viral infection, viral-vector vaccines, and traditional Chinese medicine. Furthermore, a critical challenge lies in balancing commercial competition, enterprise profit, knowledge sharing, and public interest.

Operationalizing the knowledge space: theory, methods and insights for Smart Specialisation

ABSTRACT Focusing explicitly on the regional dimensions of technological change, this paper examines the technological evolution of Irish NUTS-3 regions. Employing an index of average relatedness, it is shown that over an extended 25-year period (1981–2005) that the production of technological knowledge exhibits a strong path dependency whereby regions are technologically predisposed to diversify into those areas of the knowledge space that are proximate to their current specialization. Implications for the Smart Specialisation thesis are then discussed.

Toward a Better Understanding on Technological Resilience for Sustaining Industrial Development

Environmental change and unexpected crises are major threats to industrial development. Industries must build technological resilience to reduce the impact of shocks. Resilience has become a crucial concept for addressing vulnerabilities and developing flexible methods of adapting to crises. This study examined the concept of technological resilience, particularly at the industry level, as well as the factors that may influence technological resilience. Moreover, the relative capability of industries to maintain their production of technological knowledge during disruptive events was examined by analyzing the growth and crises of patenting. This methodology yielded novel insights into technological resilience with multidimensional perspectives. Collaboration reinforces technological resilience by reducing crisis probability and intensity. In addition, high-quality and diversified technological knowledge enhances technological resilience by reducing the probability, intensity, or duration of crises.

Institutional Knowledge Spillovers

The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship identifies entrepreneurs as the drivers of economic growth, positing the production of technological knowledge as the source of entrepreneurial op...

The Production of Academic Technological Knowledge: an Exploration at the Research Group Level

Public research institutions have a key role in a knowledge-based society as they lead scientific research and generate patentable technology directly applicable to industrial productive processes. In this paper, we address the latter role. Several well-known papers have dealt with the production of university patents at the level of universities and laboratories; however, despite the relevance of research groups in national research systems, their capacity as producers of patents has been neglected. In this paper, we fill this gap by testing the effect of previous collaborations and the scientific background of the group on the production of knowledge, measured by the number of patents. In the framework of a knowledge production function, we estimate several empirical count models with a sample of 1120 research groups affiliated to the three major public research institutions in Spain. Our findings suggest that the production of patents at the research group level is positively and significantly correlated with the variables capturing private collaboration and scientific background. The results also point to significant differences in the production of technological knowledge across institutions and areas of research.

The technological resilience of US cities

We study the resilience of cities by analysing the relative capacity to sustain their production of technological knowledge in the face of adverse events. Using patent applications in 366 Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the USA from 1975 to 2002, we analyse the vulnerability and response of cities to technological crises, defined as periods of sustained negative growth in patenting activity. We find that the frequency, intensity and duration of technological crises vary considerably across American cities. Econometric analysis suggests that cities with knowledge bases that are diverse, flexible and proximate to technologies in which they do not currently possess comparative advantage tend to avoid technological crises, have limited downturns in patent production and recover faster from crisis events.

Panorama de propriedade intelectual, transferência de tecnologia e inovação da química brasileira e a comparação com os países do BRIC

Based on Science, Technology & Innovation (ST&I) indicators, Brazil is a competitive and interesting country from the point of view of technological foreign investment. However, it is still incipient with regard to national investments, production of technological knowledge, inbound mobility of scientists and technology transfer to the productive sector. Among many other factors, global patent production is considered as an important indicator of innovation. Likewise, the balance between revenue and expenses obtained through royalties and licensing fees of technologies is also critical in mapping the diffusion and absorption of knowledge. The understanding of intellectual property and its strategic management brings a significant advantage to the economic and technological development of nations, especially in the field of chemistry, which greatly contributes to biotechnology, new materials and microelectronics - three fundamental areas for innovation in developed countries. Therefore, this article aims to map out competencies in chemistry in Brazil and evaluate science, technology and innovation indicators in the country, comparing this dynamic to the one of other BRIC members (Russia, India and China). Chemistry is the fourth biggest field of interest in Brazil based on the number of researchers registered at the governmental platform for researchers, Plataforma Lattes/CNPq, and is preceded by education, medicine and agronomy. The majority of research groups are registered in the area of materials, followed by macromolecules and polymers, pharmaceutical products and basic materials chemistry. These groups represent approximately 77% of research groups analyzed, therefore, indicating a tendency in the country. The analyses of patents in different sub-areas of chemistry reveal that non-residents file most deposits in the country, a probable reflection of the low internal intellectual property culture. Pharmaceutics and Fine Chemistry are prominent areas in the country, in line with the global trend. Among BRIC countries, China has the highest number of patents and of requests for protection in international offices. On the other hand, Brazil has the lowest number of chemical patents published at USPTO, EPO and JPO. An analysis of the transfer of technology data indicates an increase in this activity in various sub-areas of chemistry in the country. Despite the great efforts made by the country to consolidate its national innovation system, more needs to be done to put Brazil in a competitive position. In a globalized world dominated by large players, Brazil needs a lot of progress on ownership and generation of chemistry technologies to strengthen its national sovereignty. It is essential to strengthen chemical research at all levels, from elementary school to university, as an inexhaustible source of knowledge and technology that, when properly protected, may generate real public achievement and social return.

Co-Classification 방법을 이용한 태양전지 연구의 학제간 다양성 분석

Technology is developed from the efficient interaction with other technology files while building up its own research field. This study analyzes the structure of solar cell research area and describes its paths of the technology development in terms of interdisciplinary diversity using the Co-Classification method during 1979-2009. As a results, 1,380 studies are determined as the interdisciplinary among the 2,605 studies. It shows that 52.98% of the solar cell researches have interdisciplinary relationships with two or more research fields. In addition, we show that the research area of solar cell technology is composed by Material Science, Multidisciplinary and Energy & Fuel, Physics, Applied, Chemistry, Physical from the Co-Classification matrix and network analysis. It means the complexity of the technological knowledge production increased with the concept of interdisciplinary. The results can be used for the planning of the efficient solar cell technology development.

Technological Trajectories in the Making: Two Case Studies from the Contemporary History of Wind Power

This paper traces the origins of two technological trajectories in the contemporary history of wind power technology: the American Smith-Putnam Wind Turbine and the Danish Gedser Wind Turbine. Describing the two wind turbine projects in terms of their technical design characteristics, the professional background of the individuals involved, the organizational features of the technological knowledge production, and the historical context, the paper builds on the notion of technological trajectories in the making as a means of identifying emerging selection mechanisms for possible engineering problem solutions, scientific methods, material artifacts, and financial assessment techniques. Conceived during the Great Depression and World War II, respectively, both projects promoted the idea that wind power could make a cost-effective contribution to the existing electric utility system. The two projects resulted in distinctive wind turbine innovations that paved the way for two technological trajectories in the contemporary history of wind power. Studying the emergence of technological trajectories, it is argued, requires the historian of technology to attend to well-known features of technological design and its cultural context that in retrospect appear to be significant, but also to tackle the creation of novelty and the inevitability of technological uncertainties about which the logic of trajectories has little to say.

A typology of Collaboration Modes for Scientific and Technological Knowledge Production and Sharing

A typology of Collaboration Modes for Scientific and Technological Knowledge Production and Sharing

Mujeres en la popularización del software libre en Colombia: reflexiones situadas en torno al género y la tecnociencia

El presente ensayo aborda la pregunta por el género como configurador de la subjetividad en el territorio de la producción de conocimiento tecnológico y hace énfasis en las dinámicas constituyentes de la comunidad de software libre en Colombia. Inscribe esta reflexión local, por un lado, en las discusiones sobre el género como categoría analítica en general, y sobre el género y la ciencia y la tecnología en particular. Por otro, se centra en reflexionar sobre las experiencias de vida de algunas de las mujeres que conforman este colectivo y en comprender cómo su papel, aunque minoritario, aporta en la apuesta política del movimiento de software libre por democratizar el conocimiento tecnológico. Esta reflexión es puesta en diálogo con aquellas que sobre el particular se han hecho a escala global.

The organizational evolution of innovative activity in the US semiconductor industry: Technological specialization and diversification

This article analyzes the organizational evolution of innovative activity in the contemporary high-tech industry. It has been argued that by showing illuminating examples and proposing theoretical explanations, the innovation process has been fragmented and distributed among several organizations. In other words, ‘division of innovative labor’ emerges. However, one of the problems of this argument lies in its lack of systematic empirical analysis. Using the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent database, this article analyzes the organization of innovative activity in the US semiconductor industry. It is shown that ‘technological specialization’ has not occurred in this industry as a whole. In addition, it is also shown that there are two distinct modes of development of technology, namely, ‘specialized development of technology’ and ‘diversified development of technology’, in which the share of the latter has been steadily increasing. These results imply that contrary to the earlier conventional arguments, division of labor is not a common phenomenon in the production of technological knowledge.

Review article: social and contractual interactions in the production of technological knowledge

This review article focuses on two recent volumes: Guilhon, B. (Ed.), 2001. Technology and Markets for Knowledge: Knowledge Creation, Diffusion and Exchange within a Growing Economy (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston), pp. xx +206, ISBN 0-7923-7202-6, £87.50. Belussi, F. and Gottardi, G. (Eds.), 2000. Evolutionary Patterns of Local Industrial Systems: Towards a Cognitive Approach to the Industrial District (Ashgate, Aldershot), pp. xv +194, ISBN 1-84014-520-X, £39.50.