Technological Innovation Risk Research Articles

Cost-sharing incentive for collaborative innovation between main manufacturer-core supplier based on risk factorsCost-sharing incentive for collaborative innovation between main manufacturer-core supplier based on risk factors

This paper considers the “main manufacturer-supplier” model in collaborative cooperation among firms which requires the leader to invest significant resources and bear huge risks. However, few scholars simultaneously consider innovation risks and incentive issues under the model. We construct a Stackelberg game incentive model with different cost-sharing ratios under the risk of technological innovation. We characterize the equilibrium of the model and highlight the key role played by the main manufacturer and supplier. The results are as follows: (a) Main manufacturer can implement the cost-sharing incentive strategy under certain conditions, which is, its profit coefficient is greater than 0.75 times that of supplier and the cost-sharing ratio’s expected coefficient is greater than the minimum threshold. (b) The optimal cost-sharing ratio is directly proportional to the profit coefficient of the main manufacturer, inversely proportional to that of the supplier, and shows an inverted U-shape function with the probability of successful technological innovation. (c)This strategy can motivate suppliers to invest more resources, reduce the investment of the main manufacturer, simultaneously increase the profits of the main manufacturer and supplier in the certain ranges of innovation success probability and profit coefficients, with significant incentive effects.

Automating adult social care in the UK: Extracting value from a crisis

The UK appears fixed in perpetual care crisis propelled by austerity-driven funding cuts and the country’s intensifying care labour shortage. Austerity in the UK has generated an operating environment that has accelerated privatisation and incentivized and necessitated private innovation. In this writing, we examine how the infrastructure and delivery of social care in the UK is being radically reimagined through technology. Promising to deliver critical efficiencies and cost savings, new automating technologies are being tested and introduced to reorder how and where care is managed and delivered. Drawing on a series of interviews conducted with local authorities in the UK and the executives of private companies, our task is not to assess the efficacy of new technologies; rather we examine how these public-private partnerships raise difficult questions: Who will deliver caring futures in the UK? Who is absorbing the fiscal risk of technological innovation? Who is profiting? And what are the limits of technology as a response to our care crisis?

Technological Innovation Cooperation in Mega Construction Projects: A Conceptual Framework

Due to the dynamic and complex nature of mega construction projects (MCPs), mega construction project risks (MCPRs) have significantly increased in recent years. Technological innovation cooperation (TIC) is accepted as an approach to solve these issues. However, considering the new technological innovation challenges, technological innovation risks (TIRs) have been identified as a limitation of TIC. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework to explain TIC for MCPs. It is based on a review of the literature, engineering practice, and logical reasoning. The conceptual framework describes the interaction between MCPRs and TIC. It points out that MCPRs drive technological innovation, and technological innovation objectives guide the TIC. TIC has a negative effect on solving TIRs, and TIRs positively affect MCPRs. Cooperation performance will mediate the relationship between TIC and MCPRs. The conceptual framework may provide a theoretical basis to guide future empirical studies that validate the relationship between MCPRs and TIC and puts forward reasonable suggestions for MCPs.

Sustaining business as usual or enabling transformation? A discourse analysis of climate change mitigation policy in Swedish municipalities

AbstractThis article explores how discourses may influence the potential for success in mitigating climate change in Swedish municipalities. We identify dominant discourses in climate change mitigation policy in three Swedish municipalities using argumentative discourse analysis, based on policy documents and interviews as empirical material. Political leadership and adequate organizational preconditions are necessary for working with climate change mitigation in municipalities, but the role of discourse is also significant. Policy discourse constructs preconditions for certain scenarios while rendering others less likely. Previous studies have shown that the ecological modernization (EM) discourse tends to be dominant, something which this study confirms and investigates further. We find that the dominant discourse is strong EM, which largely considers it possible to decouple economic growth and environmental problems through renewable energy and technology. A focus on collaboration between stakeholders is central and a global climate justice perspective is present to some extent. Potential solutions that are not related to the market or technological innovation risk being rendered invisible when this discourse is dominant, but the inclusion of a diversity of actors and an increased focus on climate justice could potentially minimize this risk. Finally, emerging discourses around transformation and circular economy have potential to enable the forging of new paths. This depends, however, on how these concepts are framed and how they are used.

Current Status and Prospect of Microchannel Research

The application of microchannel in engineering field is becoming more and more extensive, which has attracted extensive attention of researchers at home and abroad. In the field of microelectronics technology, if the heat cannot be dissipated effectively, the working temperature of electronic devices will be seriously affected. Microchannel is an effective means to solve the heat dissipation problem. This paper shows the research status of microchannels by enumerating the research achievements of microchannels at home and abroad. By using the methods of literature review and comparison, four main problems of microchannel research in China are pointed out: the commercial production of microchannel. The problems caused by the application of micro channels to products, the risk of slow technological innovation is decreasing, the potential for future growth and the lack of uniform industry standards. Finally, the future development and research of microchannel are prospected, and some suggestions are put forward to provide reference for the future research and development of microchannel technology in China.

Tripartite Evolutionary Game Analysis of Participants’ Behaviors in Technological Innovation of Mega Construction Projects under Risk Orientation

Technological innovation of mega construction projects (MCPs) plays a crucial role in promoting upgrades to the construction industry. However, MCPs are complex and the transformation ratio of technological innovation achievements is generally low. To achieve the goal of technological innovation of MCPs which requires organizations from multiple fields to participate, it is critical to find the factors that influence cooperation and subsequently reduce the risk of technological innovation. Therefore, taking the risk as the guide of participants’ behaviors, this study constructs an evolutionary game model by tripartite participation: the owners or the representatives of the users who rely on the MCPs with technological innovation (the Users), the construction production enterprises (the CPEs), and the universities and the research institutes (the URIs). We derive the evolutionary stable strategy and apply matlab2020a for simulation analysis. The findings are as follows: (1) The strategy choice of the participant will be influenced by the strategy choices of other participants. (2) Collaborative cooperation for all parties is the evolutionary stable strategy. (3) The sensitivity of the participants to different parameters is different, and they are more sensitive to the perceived loss of technological innovation risk, risk-taking ratio, technological innovation investment, and cost compression coefficient. Based on the research results, the study provides effective suggestions for the Users and the government. The Users can quantify risk loss, refine risk management and establish collaborative cooperation evaluation indexes, and it is necessary for the government to encourage technological innovation of MCPs.

Development of a risk model for different innovator types in textile and apparel industries

Purpose Technological innovation is one of the strongest driving forces in the survival and growth of any organization, including textile and apparel industries. However, technological innovation inherits a wide array of risks due to the uncertainty involved in it. In-depth research reveals the existence of a significant relationship between innovation failures and the approach used to innovate, that is, the organization’s innovator type. However, quantitative evidence supporting this concern is still lacking. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to bridge the existing gap in the literature on effective management of technological innovation risk factors and the innovator type of textile and apparel industries. Design/methodology/approach The risk factors related to technological innovations are identified under different innovator types. Analytic network process (ANP) has been used to evaluate the contribution of risk factors according to the innovator type of the organization. Data was gathered through the literature review and structured and semi structured interviews with textile and apparel industry experts. The contribution of risk factors was determined through priorities, derived according to the ANP using Super Decision software. Findings Contribution of risk factors takes different values according to innovator type. This provides comprehensive knowledge on developing a risk management strategy according to the innovator type of the organization. Furthermore, this provides insight into the fact that a generalized risk management strategy will not be effective and sensible for all innovator types. Originality/value The findings provide a thorough understanding of developing a customized risk management strategy by determining the “most to least” criticality of risks based on the innovator type of the organization. Furthermore, findings can be used to adopt the most appropriate innovator type based on the organization’s key competencies. Moreover, this guides the organization in making the best use of internal resources during risk management. Furthermore, this provides insight into the risk factors that must be addressed prior to embarking on new innovative approaches.

Can Private Enterprises Improve Their Technological Innovation by Joining the Military Business? Evidence from China

Military-civilian integration is an effective way to promote the development of defence engineering, but existing studies have not given a clear answer whether the participation of private enterprises in military business is conducive to promoting technological innovation of enterprises. In this study, A-shared listed companies in China from 2001 to 2018 were sampled, and the influence of their participation in military business on technological innovation was investigated using a multi-period difference-in-difference (DID) method. Results show that: (1) by joining the military business, private enterprises can significantly strengthen their R&D inputs and substantive innovation, thus promoting their technological innovation. (2) The participation of enterprises in military business acts upon substantive innovation outputs and further affects their technological innovation through R&D input intensity. (3) Participation in military business exerts a stronger positive promoting effect on enterprises in regions with a high marketization level than in regions with a low marketization degree. By joining the military business, SMEs are driven to enlarge their R&D inputs, while large enterprises can enhance their innovation outputs. The policy implications of the obtained conclusions indicate that it requires to be strengthened for private enterprises participating in military business to help reduce their technological innovation risks and improve the construction level of defence engineering projects.

Competition, Gender Equality, and Doping in Sports in the Red Queen Effect Perspective

The nature of sports is characterized by a strong competitive component that generates inequalities among athletes at different levels, specifically in relation to gender, technology, and doping. These inequalities can be represented according to the Red Queen effect perspective, which has been previously hypothesized in other competitive environments (evolutionary biology and economics, for instance). The Red Queen effect considers each competitive environment to require a constant effort to maintain a position of competitive advantage in order reach the best result possible. Therefore, the aim of the current paper is to provide an innovative perspective for the understanding of competition in sports, identifying factors (i.e., physical appearance for gender equality, socioeconomic status of a sport team for technology, and antidoping rules for doping) influencing athletes’ possibilities to win a competition. Concerning gender differences, the disparity between genders reflects a lower coverage in sports news, and media are more likely to focus on female athletes’ physical appearance than their performance in sports. Therefore, women struggle more with increasing their visibility and in affirming their status as an athlete. On the other hand, the introduction of science and technological innovations in sports has generated economic interests in sport competitions, which reached superior performance levels compared to the past. Teams that cannot afford financial burdens of technological innovation risk being left out from sport competitions. Finally, doping creates a Red Queen environment since antidoping rules catch a small portion of athletes using performance enhancement drugs.

Research on technology innovation risk evaluation of high-tech enterprises based on fuzzy evaluation

While high-tech enterprises have achieved high returns through technological innovation, they also face high risks. This study builds a technology innovation risk evaluation system for high-tech enterprises from eight dimensions: technology risk, cap

Quantification of Risks on Technological Innovation using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

Innovation has become the key determinant of any organization in “Staying Relevant”, irrespective of the product or service produced. Innovation comprises different concepts based on the application through the product and service Life-Cycle. Technological Innovation has become the governing factor out of all which ensures the successfulness of the Innovation. But Innovation involves great amount of risks which even leads to an organization into a catastrophic situation in the absence of an appropriate Risk Management Strategy. In developing a Risk Management Strategy it is imperative to have a precise knowledge on the impact of Risks related to Technological Innovation, which can be represented by weightages. This paper presents Risks related to Technological Innovation based on the Literature and attempt to establish a relationship among the risks which forms a Hierarchical structure related to Fuzzy – Analytic Hierarchy process (F-AHP). Information unveiled in the literature and the ideas shared by Industry Expertise were the basis for pairwise comparisons. Consistency of the Pairwise comparison has endorsed using the Consistency Ratio. Consistent pair wise matrices were converted into Fuzzy matrices which have been carried out Fuzzy-AHP in obtaining the weightages related to Technological Innovation Risks. The weightages derived, provide a clearer insight on contribution of different risks on Technological Innovation failures and hence giving heads-up on the risks which need prior attention. Furthermore this illuminates the effectiveness of the Risk Management Strategy by providing facts to decide on which risks need to be Ignored, Mitigated, Addressed or Transferred. Thus, precise application of the findings of this research will absolutely help in developing a copy proof Risk Management Strategy which would ultimately offers many opportunities to a business that cannot be realized otherwise.

学術集会テーマ『経済社会の技術革新と危機管理』の趣旨について

学術集会テーマ『経済社会の技術革新と危機管理』の趣旨について

A decision support system for identification of technology innovation risk based on sequential CBR

To identify risks in the increasingly complex market is an important issue for the development of technology innovation enterprises. But it is contended that there is still a lack of effective methods to support the dynamic characteristics and knowledge reuse of the problem. In front of a variety of risk sources, utilisation of IT is necessary, and we introduce case-based reasoning (CBR) technique to identify new risks from cases in the past. However, extant CBR method has limitations on problems with dynamic characteristics. This paper provides insights into the dynamic nature of technology innovation risk identification, and designs a decision support system for identification of technology innovation risk, which contributes a novel extension of CBR to sequential CBR. In our framework, cases are represented as sequences of risk events, and similarity between cases is measured based on weighted event sequence pattern mining. The effectiveness of this work is finally illustrated with a case.

A decision support system for identification of technology innovation risk based on sequential CBR

A decision support system for identification of technology innovation risk based on sequential CBR

Computational model of enterprise cooperative technology innovation risk based on nerve network

Collaborative innovation has become the principal innovation method because of the puniness of the innovation strength of the enterprises. Due to the objective reality nature of the risk of enterprise collaborative technology innovation, it is necessary to take measures to prevent and indemnify the loss which the risk may bring. Because there is the complex nonlinear function mechanism between risk factors, the cooperative mode and control mechanism of enterprise collaborative innovation can be studied by nonlinear method. First, this paper analyzed the seeking method of enterprise collaborative innovation risk, and then the concept of controlling risk regulation gradient of the cooperating technological innovation under network environment was explained. And a complete controlling risk model of the cooperating technological innovation has been put forward, which is based on the wavelet and nerve network. Finally, the discussion about the conclusion of the research was given.

A Hybrid Approach to Explore the Risk Dependency Structure among Agribusiness Firms

Although the risk management of agricultural firms is important, studies on the extreme risk dependence among agribusiness firms are minimal due to the diversity and complexity of the risks faced by agricultural firms. In this study, we developed a hybrid approach to analyse and uncover the potential risk dependence among agricultural firms. We examined thirty-two agricultural companies to study their dependence structure for risk losses. Three primary findings emerged. First, risk dependence is strong with an average value of 0.96. Second, the dependence structure is hierarchical and includes two network communities. Third, some key agricultural firms were identified in the dependence structure. These key firms are critical for the transmission of negative impacts across agricultural firms. Correspondingly, we suggest measures and strategies (such as improving the level of technological innovation and joint risk resistance capability) to reduce the impact of risk dependence.

About the Purpose of the Theme “Risk and Crisis Management in Technological Innovation in Economic System”

About the Purpose of the Theme “Risk and Crisis Management in Technological Innovation in Economic System”

A matter-element method for risk identification of technology innovation

With the rapid development of IT, technology innovation has attracted increasing attentions from governments, enterprises and researchers. It is notable that the failure rate of technology innovation is high and the risk cannot be ignored. Risk identification is a critical step of risk management and to identify risk accurately and effectively is important for technology innovation organizations. However, the extant risk identification approaches cannot be directly applied, due to the characteristics of technology innovation risk such as uncertainty and fuzziness. In this paper we introduce matter-element model, which is developed from extension theory, and can be employed to support the characteristics of technology innovation risk. On the basis of the traditional meta-model, this paper attempts to improve the schema, through constructing indicator system of technology innovation risk. We present a method of determining the weights of indicators based on minimum deviation, which integrates the AHP weight and entropy weight. Through the calculating process and sensitivity analysis, the risk factors of technology innovation with different features can be identified, and technology innovation organizations can formulate and perform targeted strategies toward different risk factors. Finally, based on an instance, we discuss the effectiveness of our method and draw the conclusions.

Management Problems of Investment in Technological Innovation, Using Artificial Neural Network

A research purpose is to modify the model of artificial neural network (ANN) to undertakings carrying on investments in technological innovation, and to identify the risk management efficiency factors. ANN model involves three basic stages. The first stage is to set up investment projects in the technological innovation risk factors. The second stage is carried out in the preparation of the training data. In the third stage, is modified for investment projects in technological innovation efficiency in the management of an ANN model. As well as was done the identification of the essential elements of the effectiveness of risk management factors affecting investment in technological innovation. All of these risk factors have a significant impact on the emergence of technology, installation and modification process, but it is especially important to properly identify the same risk factors with various weights, which may be different for each company.

Risk identification, evaluation and response of low-carbon technological innovation under the global value chain: A case of the Chinese manufacturing industry

This paper analyzes the risk of low-carbon technological innovation in emerging economies under globalization, by integrating the method of global value chain (GVC) and technological innovation linear progress into a new analytical framework. Based on the proposed framework, this research is conducted from three perspectives — research and development risk, manufacturing risk and marketing risk. Subsequently, on the basis of the constructed risk evaluation index system, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a comprehensive evaluation method based on triangular fuzzy numbers, this paper evaluates the risk of low-carbon technological innovation under the GVC in the Chinese manufacturing industry. The results show that the global low-carbon manufacturing risk ranged between low and moderate, while the global low-carbon research and development risk, and the global marketing risk ranged between moderate and high. In accordance with these results, this paper puts forward a decision making process of risk response modes and the corresponding risk response strategies for Chinese manufacturers.