Important Technology Research Articles

Data Collection and Elaboration of Guidelines for Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Management in Brazilian Private Higher Education Institutions

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has been a significant concern for governments, ecologists, and the Ministry of the Environment. Studies show a growing increase in the generation of WEEE in Brazil and around the world. In a 2024 report by The Global E-Waste Monitor, Brazil was identified as the largest generator of WEEE in South America, ranking second in the Americas, only behind the United States. Given this scenario, sustainability practices and actions are necessary to minimize the incorrect disposal of WEEE. Considering the need to provide innovative tools to support the teaching–learning process, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) invest heavily in technology acquisition and, as a result, are increasingly concerned about equipment disposal when it no longer meets its purchased needs. This study aims to develop guidelines for implementing WEEE management policies to guide the correct disposal of these materials in HEIs. This study made it possible to visualize how important technology is for business continuity and highlight employees’ ecological awareness when disposing of unserviceable electronic equipment. The results of this study made it possible to present comparative data on the generation of WEEE, which served as a basis for drawing up guidelines to support HEIs in improving WEEE management and emphasized the importance of environmental awareness and responsibility.

Theoretical Study of Exciton Properties of Dilute Gainasn Semiconductors

In this research, the electronic band structure, electronic properties and the exciton binding energy of dilute quaternary GaInAsN alloy semiconductors are investigated. This study was aimed to theoretically study the exciton properties of dilute GaInAsN semiconductors. The effects of Nitrogen incorporation in InGaAs alloy was studied within the band anti-crossing model (BAC). The pseudopotential inputs within the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) was employed to make modifications for the nitrogen and indium related alloy disorder effects. The Harrison’s model used to study the bandstructure. In general, the results of our computations are in agreement with recent experimental findings. It is found that the presence of nitrogen in the GaInAsN alloy reduces the fundamental bandgap energy within the band anticrossing (BAC) model in the vicinity of the first Brillouin zone boundary, to . The heavy hole and electron effective masses, reduced mass, energy band gap, high frequency dielectric constant, static dielectric constant, the refractive indices, polarity, covalency, Bohr radius and binding energy are also modified by the nitrogen and indium fractions of the alloy. For all the alloy compositions studied, it was observed that the binding energies of the excitons vary between the values for InAs and GaAs . Also, the corresponding excitons Bohr radii vary between the values for InAs and GaAs . The information derived from the present study predicts that GaInAsN tunable binding energies and electronic properties are of great technological importance for mid-infrared (MIR) optoelectronics.

The safety and efficacy of regional citrate anticoagulation for multiple consecutive therapeutic plasma exchanges with fresh frozen plasma as a replacement solution.

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an important blood purification technology and most patients require multiple consecutive TPEs. Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) could be used for membrane therapeutic plasma exchange (mTPE). However, there is no research on the metabolic complications of the RCA for patients receiving multiple consecutive mTPEs with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) as a replacement solution. We retrospectively included patients who used RCA for multiple consecutive mTPEs with FFP as a replacement solution in Xijing Hospital from 2020 to 2022. We collected blood gas analysis and electrolyte results before and after mTPE treatment and analysed the anticoagulation effectiveness and metabolic complications of the RCA. A total of 33 patients who underwent 131 mTPE sessions were included, and 129 (98.5%) sessions were successfully completed. Severe hypocalcemia (19.1%) and metabolic alkalosis (58.5%) were frequently observed. In single mTPE sessions, there was a significant decrease in ionized calcium levels and significant increases in serum sodium, potassium, pH, bicarbonate, and base excess (BE) levels compared to pretreatment values. When comparing the values after the last treatment to the baseline values in all 33 patients, the serum sodium, pH, bicarbonate, and BE levels increased significantly, while the ionized calcium decreased significantly. The levels of pH, bicarbonate, and BE increased with the number of mTPE sessions, and the cumulative incidence of metabolic alkalosis reached 95.2% after the fifth treatment according to the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RCA is an effective anticoagulation method for patients undergoing mTPE with FFP as a replacement solution. However, the metabolic complications associated with RCA, especially hypocalcemia and metabolic alkalosis, frequently develop in patients who undergo multiple consecutive mTPEs with FFP.

Efektivitas Metode Hafalan dalam Mengajarkan Doa Harian kepada Anak SDN No.179/1 Ladang Peris

This study examines the effectiveness of memorization methods in teaching daily prayers at SDN No. 179/1 Ladang Peris, with a focus on enhancing students' spiritual understanding. The background of this research is driven by the lack of studies that deeply explore the impact of memorization methods on understanding daily prayers, especially in the context of teaching Arabic in elementary schools. The aim of this research is to evaluate how repeating daily prayers can strengthen students' memory and deepen their understanding of the meaning of the prayers they learn. The methodology used is a literature review, analyzing various sources related to teaching daily prayers and the effectiveness of memorization methods. The findings indicate that using a structured and repetitive memorization method can improve students' ability to remember daily prayers, but strengthening the understanding of the meaning of the prayers is also necessary to deepen the students' spiritual experience. The implications of this research show that teaching methods for prayers should consider not only memorization but also deeper understanding to support students' spiritual development, as well as the importance of educational policy support and technology to facilitate more effective learning processes.

Using Technological Advancements - Changing the Banking Sector's Face Value in World Market

This research paper analyses the outcome of the continuous evolvement of banking industry, it is undergoing significant change because of technological advancements that are improving client satisfaction, efficiency, and security while also changing conventional financial practices. The use of cutting-edge technologies like cloud computing, blockchain, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence (AI) has completely changed how banksfunction and engage with their clientele. These developments make it possible for smooth online transactions, individualized financial services, and enhanced decision-making. Moreover, risk management, fraud detection, and regulatory compliance are all improved by the combination of automation and machine learning. Traditional banks are under more and more pressure to compete by utilizing technology to fulfil changing client expectations as fintech and digital banking platforms gain traction. The industry is embracing change to guarantee accessibility, scalability, and resilience through projects like decentralized finance (DeFi), improved mobile banking apps, and biometric security measures. In addition to increasing operational efficiency, the ongoing advancement of technology enables banks to make substantial contributions to global financial inclusion and economic growth. This essay emphasizes how important technology breakthroughs are to promoting creativity, resolving business obstacles, and opening the door to a financial environment that is more effective, safe, and customer focused.

Driving productivity: a comparison of the Indian automobile manufacturers and component suppliers

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the factors influencing productivity within the Indian Automobile industry, specifically examining the component manufacturers and the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Utilising a dynamic panel data model, we assess the effects of lagged R&D stock, trade dynamics, and firm-specific factors on total factor productivity spanning the period 2000–2023. Our findings underscore the significant impact of a firm’s lagged R&D stock, lagged export intensity and the import of embodied and disembodied technology in the industry. While lagged export intensity plays a significant role in improving productivity, with a greater impact on the OEM segment, the influence of technology imports differs across both segments. Specifically, OEMs benefit more from the import of embodied technology or capital equipment, while the component segment from disembodied technology or royalty payments and licensing. We also find that electric vehicle penetration has a significant positive impact on the productivity of the OEM segment alone, indicating that the benefits of the new technology do not have a visible impact on the industry as a whole. These results highlight distinct patterns in technological learning between the two segments, unveiling structural variations within the industry.

Multiband Josephson effect in an atomic scale Pb tunnel junction

Multiband superconductivity plays an important role in many emergent novel superconductors and has attracted great interest over the years. Various related experimental aspects have been intensely researched, but a quantitative understanding on the Cooper-pair transport remains still elusive, despite its fundamental and technological importance. We study a Josephson junction with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM), where both tip and sample are Pb, a prototypical type I two-band superconductor. We map the properties of the junction across a wide range of normal state conductances revealing in-gap features originating from multiple Andreev reflections (MARs) and the Josephson effect. We present the theoretical framework to extract the transmission through the transport channels and describe the Cooper-pair tunneling with quantitative precision through two superconducting bands. This paves the way for the understanding of increasingly complicated superconductors. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Long-range four-body interactions in structured nonlinear photonic waveguides

Multiphoton dynamics beyond linear optical materials are of significant fundamental and technological importance in quantum information processing. However, it remains largely unexplored in nonlinear waveguide QED. In this work, we theoretically propose a structured nonlinear waveguide in the presence of staggered photon-photon interactions, which supports two branches of gaped bands for doublons (i.e., spatially bound-photon-pair states). In contrast to linear waveguide QED systems, we identify two important contributions to its dynamical evolution, i.e., single-photon bound states (SPBSs) and doublon bound states (DBSs). Most remarkably, the nonlinear waveguide can mediate the long-range four-body interactions between two emitter pairs, even in the presence of disturbance from SPBSs. By appropriately designing system's parameters, we can achieve high-fidelity four-body Rabi oscillations mediated only by virtual doublons in DBSs. Our findings pave the way for applying structured nonlinear waveguide QED in multi-body quantum information processing and quantum simulations among remote sites. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Challenges in the Implementation of Technology in effective Hospital Management System: A quantitative study

To provide excellent care to patients and to maintain seamless functioning of healthcare facilities it is crucial to have effective hospital management system. Hospital management system presently is incorporating analytical approach to optimize work flow, for enhancement of resource utilization, and for providing comprehensive insurance assistance to patients. The technologies are highly crucial for workflow optimization, allocation of resources, scheduling of patients, and management of finances. There are various challenges faced by hospital management system like integration of data from diversified sources like billing system, administrative database, EHRs, and data accuracy and consistency. Safeguarding of data security is highly important that need strong security and adhering to rules and regulation as per the “Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.” The importance of Information Technology is reducing rising costs of healthcare and improving quality of services. There is a need to address such challenges and identify the best way of technology implementation. A sample of 249 was collected from different departments in Hospital. The factors that identify the Challenges in the Implementation of Technology in effective Hospital Management System are High Initial Costs, Resistance to Change, Training and Skill Development, and Regulatory and Compliance Challenges.

Development of a Comprehensive Pollen and Spore Catalog Using Advanced Laboratory Techniques: A Case Study of Contemporary Dried and Fresh Flower Specimens from Bangladesh

This study focuses on the preparation of dry and fresh flower samples for pollen and spore observation using advanced laboratory techniques, identification of morphological characteristics, and the development of a pollen catalog that provides valuable insights into ecology and pollen morphology for different taxa. This research contributes to the field of palynology, an essential discipline in stratigraphy and biostratigraphy, by creating a detailed pollen catalog that enhances our understanding of paleoenvironmental conditions, depositional history, and potential hydrocarbon presence. Twenty-six fresh and dried flower samples from Chattogram, Cox’s Bazar, and Dhaka Districts have been analyzed using acetolysis techniques. Pollen morphologies were examined at 400x and 1000x magnifications through transmitted and fluorescence light microscopy, and high-resolution imaging of one species was further enhanced with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Pollen morphology documented for twenty-five species across twelve families, including Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Campanulaceae, Melastomataceae, Malvaceae, Verbenaceae, Oleaceae, and Heliotropiaceae as well as one spore from the Lygodiaceae family. The resulting catalog provides valuable ecological insights by highlighting morphological features and taxonomic classifications. It is an essential resource for researchers and professionals involved in Holocene pollen studies. This work contributes to the understanding of palynology and underscores the importance of advanced analytical technologies in reconstructing the prehistoric environment of Bangladesh. The data gathered is crucial for comprehending the ecological evolution of the world's largest delta.

Polarization entanglement enabled by orthogonally stacked van der Waals NbOCl2 crystals

Polarization entanglement holds significant importance for photonic quantum technologies. Recently emerging subwavelength nonlinear quantum light sources, e.g., GaP and LiNbO3 thin films, benefiting from the relaxed phase-matching constraints and volume confinement, have shown intriguing properties, such as high-dimensional hyperentanglement and robust entanglement anti-degradation. Van der Waals (vdW) NbOCl2 crystal, with strong optical nonlinearities, has emerged as a potential candidate for ultrathin quantum light sources. However, polarization entanglement is inaccessible in the NbOCl2 crystal due to its unfavorable nonlinear susceptibility tensor. Here, by leveraging the twist-stacking degree of freedom inherently in vdW systems, we showcase the preparation of polarization entanglement and quantum Bell states.

Study of atomic diffusion behavior in diffusion welding of NiTi alloy - based on molecular dynamics

NiTi alloy with nearly equiatomic ratios of Ni and Ti, has a unique shape memory effect and biocompatibility. Atomic diffusion is a determinant factor for the diffusion welding of NiTi alloys joining. In general, the atomic diffusion may be mediated by the temperature, time and pressure and so on. Despite the importance of technology, Ni and Ti atoms’ diffusion mechanism, however, still remains un-elucidated. Few works have investigated the movement rules of atoms from the atomic scale. Molecular dynamics simulations of diffusion welding were performed for 200-800ps to investigate the diffusion process of the NiTi alloy composite plate at temperatures of 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300K. The results show that the holding temperature had the greatest effect on diffusion, with pressure having the least effect. The diffusion coefficients of NiTi, Ni, and Ti were calculated at temperatures of 1000, 1100, 1200, and 1300K, respectively. The diffusion degree of Ni atoms was higher than that of Ti atoms. The diffusion coefficients of Ni and Ti atoms satisfied the Arrhenius equation, and the diffusion activation energy of Ni atoms was lower than that of Ti atoms. Furthermore, this study demonstrates at the atomic scale that the growth of the diffusion layer at high temperatures follows the parabolic growth kinetics law.

Does technological progress mode affect just energy transition? A seemingly unrelated regression analysis based on Chinese provincial panel data

Just energy transition (JET) refers to the process of shifting from fossil-fuel-based energy systems to more sustainable and renewable energy sources in a manner that is inclusive and socially fair. Technological progress is a key driver of the energy transition. Selecting an appropriate technological progress mode (TPM) to drive JET that harmonizes environmental conservation with employment stability is crucial for economies to achieve sustainable development. Based on seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) analysis, this research uses provincial panel data of China from 2001 to 2020 to examine the effects and underlying mechanisms of various TPMs on JET. We first construct a translog cost function incorporating four TPMs, including technology import, technology transformation, cooperative research and development (R&D), and independent R&D. The study then systematically estimates and contrasts the factor bias and utilization tendencies associated with these TPMs. The findings indicate that (1) technology import does not directly facilitate JET as it leads to neutral technological progress; (2) technology transformation and cooperative R&D, associated with energy-biased technological progress, exhibit a tendency toward energy use and labor saving, which hinders JET; (3) independent R&D, linked with labor-biased technological progress, demonstrates a labor-using and energy-saving orientation, which supports JET; (4) the adverse effects of technology transformation and cooperative R&D on JET can be mitigated through enhanced environmental regulation, increased environmental taxation, and the provision of low-carbon subsidies. We offer policy recommendations for the Chinese government in promoting TPMs that foster JET while also providing insights and experiences that are beneficial to economies at various development stages in their pursuit of JET.

Shared Cybersecurity Responsibilities in the Banking Sector (A Case Studies Online Banks and Their Customers in Data Security Protection)

In order to protect data security, the study examined the relationship between online banks and their clients. Using a mixed-methods approach it was possible to identify a commitment to cybersecurity responsibilities and a common understanding between banking sector and their customers. The results showed that customers felt that banks' cybersecurity measures were effective and they had a strong sense of personal responsibility to follow security precautions when using online banking. The study also underlined how important cutting-edge technologies are to strengthening cybersecurity defenses. To improve cybersecurity procedures and cyber threats in the banking industry recommendations include investing in cybersecurity talent, collaborating with partners, integrating cutting-edge technologies, conducting frequent security assessments and improving customer communication.

Sustainable personnel management in the hospitality industry: Enhancing organizational performance through employee engagement and commitment

Purpose: This study investigates the relationships between sustainable personnel management practices, employee engagement, organizational commitment, and organizational performance in the hospitality industry, focusing on hotels and restaurants. Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys of 500 hospitality employees with qualitative interviews of 20 HR managers and sustainability officers. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the quantitative data, while thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data. Results: The study identifies key drivers of sustainability in personnel management, including employee training and involvement in green initiatives. Implementing sustainable personnel management practices is associated with improved employee engagement, organizational commitment, and organizational performance. The research also highlights challenges and opportunities in implementing sustainable practices in the hospitality industry. Theoretical contribution: This study extends the existing literature by demonstrating the mediating roles of employee engagement and organizational commitment in the relationship between sustainable personnel management and organizational performance in the hospitality context. Practical implications: The research provides a step-by-step implementation guide and timeline for hospitality managers to integrate sustainable practices into their personnel management systems. It also highlights the importance of technology in supporting sustainable HR practices and overcoming implementation challenges such as resource constraints and lack of awareness. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth; SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities; SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

The Role of Internet of Things and Fog Computing in Smart Cities

Smart cities represent the next evolution of urban centers, integrating advanced technologies to create better living environments. These cities will feature billions of connected devices, such as sensors and actuators, generating vast amounts of data. This data typically flows to cloud servers for processing. However, traditional Big Data analytics and cloud computing have proven inefficient in some scenarios, as not all data is pertinent enough for cloud-level processing. Transmitting all data from IoT and edge devices to the cloud consumes excessive storage and network resources. Fog computing emerges as a solution by decentralizing some data processing, analytics, and storage to the network's edge, closer to the data source. This approach alleviates the load on central servers and reduces latency, ensuring timely responses. Fog computing leverages edge computing to handle immediate data processing needs, making the overall system more efficient. This paper will cover the fundamental concepts of smart cities, IoT, and fog computing. It will present the important technologies and architectural frameworks that underpin these systems. Furthermore, several case studies will illustrate the practical applications and benefits of integrating fog computing with cloud computing and IoT in smart cities. These examples will demonstrate how such integrations lead to more efficient, responsive, and sustainable urban environments.

Verified Views: How Blockchain-enabled Digital Identity Verification Can Combat Fake Accounts and Disinformation on Social Media

The study was conducted to unravel the ways through which digital identity verification offered in form of blockchain technology can help combat fake accounts and disinformation across social media platforms. The researchers relied on the survey research and elicited quantitative data from respondents. The purposive sampling technique was utilised to select respondents and online link to questionnaires shared with them to complete the survey. Findings of the study showed that users have realised the importance of blockchain technology and have accepted its capacity to ensure security across online spaces. Furthermore, the researchers found that watermarking, content hashing, smart contracts, distributed ledger technology, blockchain-based content management systems, public key cryptography consensus mechanism and data encryption are some of the essential strategies and protocols utilised by media organisations to bolster information reliability. Blockchain technology was also found to be essential in curtailing the spread of disinformation and also enhancing confidence in digital content. The researcher concluded that blockchain technology holds the capacity to improve the integrity of digital identities in contemporary digitised world. Among others, the researchers recommended that media organisations and other stakeholders embark on sensitisation to enlighten the public about the strength of blockchain technology.

A Comparative Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks for American Sign Language Recognition

Abstract. Sign language recognition is an important technology that makes it possible for ordinary people to be able to communicate with deaf people, fostering inclusivity and accessibility. The came out of deep learning technology has completely changed the field by enabling the automatic extraction and learning of hierarchical features from raw data, leading to significant improvements in recognition accuracy. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of different Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures for recognizing American Sign Language (ASL) signs. Utilizing the sign language dataset, which contains 24 classes of ASL letters represented by 28x28 grayscale images, the author evaluated the performance of a Basic CNN, a Modified Residual Network (ResNet)-50, and a LeNet-5 model. This study emphasizes the impact of architectural choices on recognition accuracy and computational efficiency. Results indicate that while ResNet-50 demonstrates superior accuracy, fluctuating significantly during initial training, the Basic CNN and LeNet-5 models offer greater stability with slightly lower accuracy. This work concludes that despite the initial challenges, deep learning models, particularly ResNet-50, show promise for ASL recognition, highlighting the need for diverse and enriched datasets to improve model reliability in real-world scenarios.

Research and Analysis on the Application of Radio Frequency Identification Technology in the Internet of Things and Future Development

Research and Analysis on the Application of Radio Frequency Identification Technology in the Internet of Things and Future Development

Rotation-based heat transfer enhancement for shell-and-tube latent thermal energy storage systems: From mechanisms to applications

Latent thermal energy storage (LTES) is an important energy storage technology to mitigate the discrepancy between energy source and energy supply, and it has great application prospects in many areas, such as solar energy utilization, geothermal energy utilization and electricity storage. However, LTES systems suffer from the low thermal conductivity of most phase-change materials (PCMs), threatening their large-scale commercial applications. To tackle this challenge, heat transfer enhancement for LTES systems is critically important and has been widely investigated worldwide. Convectional heat transfer enhancement techniques, including fins, nanoparticles and multiple PCMs, can significantly improve the charging and discharging rates of an LTES system. Recently, rotation-based methods have emerged to provide new routes for the heat transfer enhancement of LTES systems, and many achievements have been obtained by researchers around the world. This study conducted a short review of the mechanisms and applications of three rotation-based heat transfer enhancement methods, aiming to provide deep insights into these novel heat transfer enhancement methods and propel their future development and applications.