Technological Autonomy Research Articles

Technical Progress And Technological Dependence In Developing Economies

This study aims to analyse the concept of endogenous technical progress and its implications for the development of emerging markets. The discussion focuses on the ability of developing countries to assimilate and adapt external technologies and the importance of building internal research and development capacities. The analysis examines the challenges these countries face in achieving sustainable technological autonomy and the impact of multinational companies on the technological evolution of local industries. The role of state intervention is explored as a crucial factor in overcoming the limitations imposed by international competition and fostering an environment conducive to technological innovation. The study highlights the need for integrated strategies, combining the adoption of external innovations with efforts to strengthen domestic technological capabilities, aiming for independent and sustainable economic growth.

Empowering the digital learner: Exploring the relationship between teacher support, autonomy in technology, and self‐efficacy in Chinese vocational colleges

AbstractIn Chinese vocational colleges, students often avoid classroom challenges and lack persistent academic engagement. This was perceived as a deficiency in self‐efficacy and a need for greater teacher–student engagement. The rapid advancement of information technology in educational contexts indicates that the dynamics among teacher support, technological autonomy, and self‐efficacy will become crucial for learning outcomes. Hence, this study explored the relationship between teacher support and student self‐efficacy, focusing on the mediating role of student autonomy in technology. A questionnaire survey administered to 606 first‐year students was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and Process V3.3. The results showed that teacher support and student self‐efficacy were moderately positively correlated (r = .464, p < .01). However, technological autonomy appeared to be significantly positively correlated with teacher support (r = .368, p < .01) and self‐efficacy (r = .515, p < .01). The results highlight the instrumental role of teacher support in enhancing student self‐efficacy and the important role of technological autonomy as a mediating factor. These findings confirm the need for continuing social support and interactive roles between teachers and students to enhance student self‐efficacy in higher education. Furthermore, technology should be leveraged to foster a conducive learning environment.

An Analysis of Innovative Contributions to the Important Discourse on the Development of New Quality Productivity

The discourse on developing high-quality productivity marks a significant theoretical innovation, which is conducive to the modernization and sinicization of Marxism. It refines our understanding of “new quality productivity,” defining it as an advanced form driven by innovation, embodying “high technology, efficiency, and quality,” with the aim of comprehensively enhancing productivity. It elucidates the necessity of cultivating such forces, asserting that they are crucial for achieving high-quality development, securing a leading position in global technology, and fulfilling the aspirations for a better life. Moreover, it outlines a new implementation route, emphasizing strategies such as fostering technological autonomy, nurturing emerging industries, integrating education and talent in technology, adopting a “build through challenges” approach, adjusting solutions locally, and providing categorized guidance, all of which are based on the ongoing comprehensive reforms.

The social lives of point-of-care tests in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-ethnography.

Point-of-care tests (POCTs) have become technological solutions for many global health challenges. This meta-ethnography examines what has been learned about the 'social lives' of POCTs from in-depth qualitative research, highlighting key social considerations for policymakers, funders, developers and users in the design, development and deployment of POCTs. We screened qualitative research examining POCTs in low- and middle-income countries and selected 13 papers for synthesis. The findings illuminate five value-based logics-technological autonomy, care, scalability, rapidity and certainty-shaping global health innovation ecosystems and their entanglement with health systems. Our meta-ethnography suggests that POCTs never achieve the technological autonomy often anticipated during design and development processes. Instead, they are both embedded in and constitutive of the dynamic relationships that make up health systems in practice. POCTs are often imagined as caring commodities; however, in use, notions of care inscribed in these devices are constantly negotiated and transformed in relation to multiple understandings of care. POCTs promise to standardize care across scale, yet our analysis indicates nonstandard processes, diagnoses and treatment pathways as essential to 'fluid technologies' rather than dangerous aberrations. The rapidity of POCTs is constructed and negotiated within multiple distinct temporal registers, and POCTs operate as temporal objects that can either speed up or slow down experiences of diagnosis and innovation. Finally, while often valued as epistemic tools that can dispel diagnostic uncertainty, these papers demonstrate that POCTs contribute to new forms of uncertainty. Together, these papers point to knowledge practices as multiple, and POCTs as contributing to, rather than reducing, this multiplicity. The values embedded in POCTs are fluid and contested, with important implications for the kind of care these tools can deliver. These findings can contribute to more reflexive approaches to global health innovation, which take into account limitations of established global health logics, and recognize the socio-technical complexity of health systems.

Study on the identification of key core technology “strangled” problem of the new generation information technology industry

PurposeKey core technology is the most important weapon of the country, and breaking through the “strangled” problem is one of the real problems that China’s emerging industries and enterprises must solve. Accurately identifying the “strangled” problem will help China accelerate the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and win the battle against key core technologies.Design/methodology/approachCombined with the characteristics of key core technologies, the key core technology evaluation system was constructed from four dimensions: technology innovation, technology radiation, technology economy and technology safety. We adopt the entropy TOPSIS method to evaluate the patents, and the patents with the top 5% scores are identified as key core technology patents. Then, this study identifies key core technology “strangled” problems in three dimensions: technology value advantage, competitive advantage and quantitative advantage.FindingsTaking the patent data of the global new generation information technology industry from 2011 to 2023 as a sample, 178 moderately “strangled” technologies and 49 severely “strangled” technologies are selected. The study results are consistent with the current situation of the new generation information technology industry’s development, and verify the feasibility and reliability of the key core technology “strangled” problem identification model.Originality/valueThis study uses patent data to identify key core technologies and “Strangled” in the new generation information technology industry. It can provide a reference for relevant national departments and agencies, as well as universities and enterprises.

Talent Incentive Policy of Chinese High-tech Enterprises from the Perspective of Industrial Informatization Intervention

Priority development of education is the fundamental guarantee for the construction of high-level talent highlands. Technological self-reliance and self-improvement are strategic support for the construction of high-level talent highlands, and talent innovation guidance is the intrinsic driving force for the construction of high-level talent highlands. The construction of a high-level talent highland in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area requires the integration of innovative elements that connect the “education chain, technology chain, and talent chain”. It is necessary to build a three-dimensional integrated spatial architecture of “education technology talent”. We need to build a community that integrates “education highland, technology highland, and talent highland”. Accelerating the construction of high-level talent highlands in the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area requires the construction of a highland for scientific and technological innovation talents, a highland for technical and skilled talents, and a highland for scientific and technological finance talents. Based on this, this article selected 399 listed high-tech enterprises in the Greater Bay Area as the research objects, and conducted multiple regression on the relevant data of sample enterprises from the perspective of property rights heterogeneity from 2018 to 2021 to reveal which open innovation model can effectively solve specific situational problems faced by enterprises. The multi role matching mechanism can effectively improve the performance of new product development and its market competitive advantage of enterprises, as well as how the nature of property rights affects the relationship between open innovation strategies and new product development performance of enterprises. The research results show that, firstly, open innovation between enterprises is beneficial for the precise improvement of product development performance by high-level talents in enterprises. Secondly, open innovation in industry, academia, and research is beneficial for improving talent performance in enterprises, but its effect is weaker than that of open innovation between enterprises. Enterprises focus more on the open innovation model between enterprises.

The Impact of Shareholder and Director Networks on Corporate Technological Innovation: A Multilayer Networks Analysis

We adopt a multilayer networks approach to assess how network structural embeddedness affects corporate technological innovation. Our findings indicate an annual increase in both single-layer and multilayer networks, although adoption of the latter by Chinese listed companies is comparatively low. We found that structural embeddedness of multilayer networks positively impacts corporate technological innovation. By reducing uncertainty within the internal environment, these networks bolster technological innovation. Moreover, such embeddedness notably spurs innovation in non-state-owned companies and those with greater internal transparency and robust external oversight. Our analysis reveals an intermediate effect where structural embeddedness in multilayer networks influences innovation. Our work provides new insights into enhancing innovation capacity via network embeddedness and supplies empirical data on utilizing network resources for innovation. We also offer actionable guidance and policy advice for managers, investors, and policymakers, especially relevant amidst economic transformation and pursuit of technological self-reliance of China.

Optimization of Urban Science and Technology Innovation Performance Assessment Model - Based on VAR Methodology Perspective

Abstract Conventional science and technology performance assessment methods and indicators can no longer meet the current needs of urban science and technology innovation performance assessment, and innovative research is urgently needed. In this study, the four elements of innovation input, innovation process, innovation output, and innovation guarantee are taken as the first-level indicators of the urban science and technology innovation performance assessment index system. The G1 entropy value correction method is used to assign weights to the urban science and technology innovation performance assessment index system to reduce subjective arbitrariness. Finally, the specific situation of innovation elements and innovation performance in S city was selected, and the influence relationship between innovation elements and innovation performance assessment was analyzed using a vector autoregressive model. The results show that the method of assessing the city’s science and technology innovation performance based on the VAR model is simple and easy to operate, the confidence coefficient of the assessment model is more than 0.7, and the mean value of the validity CVR is 0.703. The assessment results have a high degree of credibility and validity and effectively promote the region’s scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement.

Designing Information Technology Governance in Trading Companies Using COBIT 2019 Framework

Mooi Brand Salatiga, a company in the clothing retail sector, has implemented various information systems (IS) to enhance its business processes. These systems include social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook, a Sales Information System for cashiers, and a website. However, Mooi Brand Salatiga often encounters several challenges with the use of these IS, including the lack of system integration, an overreliance on current technology, and an inability to develop independent information systems. COBIT 2019, a systematic and comprehensive framework, offers potential solutions to support companies in efficiently managing and monitoring their information technology. This study leads to the development of an improved pattern for information technology management at Mooi Brand Salatiga, addressing these challenges and paving the way for enhanced operational efficiency and technological autonomy.

Cultivation of human centered artificial intelligence: culturally adaptive thinking in education (CATE) for AI.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become ubiquitous in human society, and yet vast segments of the global population have no, little, or counterproductive information about AI. It is necessary to teach AI topics on a mass scale. While there is a rush to implement academic initiatives, scant attention has been paid to the unique challenges of teaching AI curricula to a global and culturally diverse audience with varying expectations of privacy, technological autonomy, risk preference, and knowledge sharing. Our study fills this void by focusing on AI elements in a new framework titled Culturally Adaptive Thinking in Education for AI (CATE-AI) to enable teaching AI concepts to culturally diverse learners. Failure to contextualize and sensitize AI education to culture and other categorical human-thought clusters, can lead to several undesirable effects including confusion, AI-phobia, cultural biases to AI, increased resistance toward AI technologies and AI education. We discuss and integrate human behavior theories, AI applications research, educational frameworks, and human centered AI principles to articulate CATE-AI. In the first part of this paper, we present the development a significantly enhanced version of CATE. In the second part, we explore textual data from AI related news articles to generate insights that lay the foundation for CATE-AI, and support our findings. The CATE-AI framework can help learners study artificial intelligence topics more effectively by serving as a basis for adapting and contextualizing AI to their sociocultural needs.

China’s Central Role in the Globalization and Slowbalization Trends

Abstract China has played a central role in the previous phase of hiper-globalization but also in the ongoing phase of slowbalization, characterized by the decreasing size of global value chains which started after the global financial crisis in 2008. More recently, US-China strategic competition is contributing to the slowbalization process, especially in the technology space. Against such backdrop, China is reducing its dependence on the outside world, betting on technological self-reliance and working hard to build its own ecosystem. However, such trend does not mean isolation; on the contrary, China actively shapes its unique form of globalization by creating its own neighbourhood or area of economic influence. A prominent example of this effort is the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which aims at increasing China’s soft – and possibly hard – power with a hub and spoke approach.

The rise of the Argentine Nuclear Program and the thwarted dream of industrialization (1950-1984)

The rise of the Nuclear Program in Argentina took place during the second stage of the process of Import Substitution Industrialization, which encourage local industry and the development of metalworking and electronics. In this context, one of the central aims of the National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA) was to improve the domestic industry of goods and services in order to supply future nuclear power plants and promote technological autonomy. However, this philosophy began to struggle with the neoliberal reforms that were implemented after 1976. The primary objective of this work is to draw and analyze the main strategies implemented by CNEA to promote local industry. In this sense, this paper will be focus in the creation of the Metallurgy Department (1955), the Technical Assistance Service to Industry (1962), the National Industry Group (1965) and the creation of an Industrial Architect, ENACE SA (1980).

New whole-nation system and the national innovation system: Historical evolution and synergistic experience

The national innovation system must take on the national mission of innovation-driven development and scientific and technological self-reliance, while facing the transformative challenges of global competition for technological monopolies and the challenge of digital evolution of innovation paradigm in large countries, which puts forward a new strategic conception for the transformation of the national innovation system in the new era. In order to explore a new models of technology governance with Chinese Characteristics, we review the interactive process and characteristic experiences between the national innovation system and the overall system, and finds that they synergistically constitute the governance foundation of national innovation development under the impetus of digitization, which promotes the digital transformation of the national innovation system as well as leads the change of the national innovation mechanism. The above study further establishes a logical connection between national innovation theory and digital innovation theory, and useful exploration in further promoting the deepening reform of the national innovation system.

Scientific and Technological Development in the Juche Model of Socialism

The increasing geopolitical fragmentation has emerged as a new reality in the global economy. International sanctions stand as the principal tool employed by the United States and its allies for political, economic, and technological discrimination. Faced with these circumstances, sanctioned nations are driven to seek fresh avenues for economic progress, pivoting towards strategies of widespread import substitution and technological autonomy. Anchored in the doctrine of "Juche" (self-reliance), North Korea has consistently accorded precedence to its domestic scientific and technological domain. Initially centered around national defense until 2013, this priority subsequently extended into the concurrent development of both the military and civilian sectors. Striking accomplishments within the military-industrial complex have garnered extensive public attention and provoked serious apprehensions among less-friendly nations. Despite grappling with challenges in modernizing its economy amid conditions bordering on technological isolation, North Korea has effectively secured noteworthy achievements in specific sectors. Particularly remarkable is North Korea's proficiency in instituting a robust framework for training programmers and other IT specialists. Additionally, apart from bolstering digital security, the country has, as per diverse evaluations, procured a considerable and stable albeit illicit source of budget augmentation

The mechanism of innovation-driven emerging technology generation based on big data fusion in the perspective of technological self-reliance and self-improvement

Abstract Emerging technologies create opportunities for later adopters to achieve technological and economic leapfrogging and are highly valued by governments and enterprises. In this paper, we first screen the key factors influencing innovation drive through data region feature extraction to achieve a synergistic innovation effect between collaborative innovation and R&D subjects. Secondly, the multidimensional data are fused, and the feature extraction is performed using Transformer’s encoder (Encoder) structure, and the bidirectional coding of the input sequence text is realized using the supporting MLM training method. Finally, by comparing the analysis with other multimodal fusion methods in the constructed real dataset, the high performance of this method on emerging technology innovation-driven problems is demonstrated. The experimental results show that the absolute path coefficient of the innovation environment on collaborative innovation capability is 0.728 and the standardized coefficient is 0.835, which indicates that the innovation environment has a significant positive correlation with the innovation capability of emerging technology R&D subjects. The innovation-driven performance of science and technology emerging technology generation mechanism based on big data fusion technology is improved by 34.2%. The innovation-driving model based on big data fusion technology proposed in this paper plays a positive role in promoting the agglomeration of emerging industries and effectively improves the innovation ability and the conversion rate of R&D results of emerging enterprises, which is of great strategic significance for future economic development.

Preface

The 14th Five-Year Plan clearly points out that we should adhere to the core position of innovation in the overall situation of modernization, regard scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement as the strategic support for national development. At present, from a global perspective, science and technology have increasingly become the main force to promote economic and social development, and innovation is the trend of the times. In the fierce international competition, only innovators advance, only innovators are strong, and only innovators win.However, the foundation of China’s scientific and technological innovation is not yet solid, there is still a significant gap in the level of innovation, and in some fields the gap has not narrowed, but has a tendency to expand. Therefore, improving innovation capabilities and creating an innovation ecology are the top priorities for building an innovative country and a world science and technology power.The International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Automation (MEA 2022), as a sub-venue of the 4th International Conference on Scientific and Technological Innovation, was held in Chongqing, China on December 9th to 11th, 2022 via virtual form.MEA 2022 focused on the latest research and technology of Mechanical Engineering and Automation to discuss the innovation and development in these fields, and to create a forum for students, scholars, engineers, participants to give reports, share ideas as well as get new advice and insights from each other. It brought together about 150 participants. Many renowned professors delivered dramatic keynote speeches during the conference. One of them, Chunbo Xiu, a Professor from Tiangong University, China, shared a report on Design and Circuit Implementations of Memristor Hyperchaotic System. To enhance the order and Kolmogorov entropy of the memristive hyperchaotic system and improve the realizability of the circuit, a memristive hyperchaotic system that consists of two flux-controlled memristors and one charge-controlled memristor was designed. Combined with Lyapunov exponential spectrum, phase trajectory diagram and bifurcation diagram, dynamic characteristics of the system were analyzed, and the effects of system control parameters and initial state on the system dynamic behavior were explored.This volume covers topics on all fields of research related to Mechanical Engineering and Automation, including Mechatronics, Intelligent Control, Vehicle Engineering, Detection and Sensing Technology, Intelligent Optimization Algorithms, etc., increasing the number of scientific publications for science and technology innovation in related fields.We would like to thank all the participants in the International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Automation. We would also like to thank the Conference Chairs, all the Technical Program Committee and Organizing Committee members, for the work and preparation they put in to organize this event. Finally, our special acknowledgements go to the Journal of Physics: Conference Series, for the endeavor of all its colleagues in publishing this paper volume.The Committee of MEA 2022List of Committee Member is available in this pdf.

Niklas Luhmann and Jacques Ellul on the autonomy of technology

PurposeDrawing on the work of Niklas Luhmann, the paper argues that technology can be viewed as a self-referential system which is autonomous from both human beings and other function systems of society. The paper aims to develop a philosophy of technology from the work of Niklas Luhmann. To achieve this aim, it draws upon the systems-theory work of Jacques Ellul, a philosopher of technology who focuses on the autonomous potential of technological evolution.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the work of Niklas Luhmann and Jacques Ellul to explore the theme of autonomous technology and what this means for our thinking about technological issues in the twenty-first century. Insights from these two thinkers and researchers working in the Luhmannian sociological tradition are applied to remote work.FindingsThe sociological approach of Luhmann, coupled with Ellul's insights into the autonomous nature of technology, can help us develop a systems theory of technology which takes seriously its irreducibility to human functions.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper contributes to the growing sociological literature that thematizes the Luhmannian approach to technology, helping us better understand this phenomenon and think in new ways about what technological autonomy means.Originality/valueThe paper brings together the work of Luhmann, Ellul and contemporary researchers to advance a new understanding of technology and technological communication.

An Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Approach for 3 Degrees of Freedom Motion Controlling

Maritime simulation systems provide opportunities to acquire technical, procedural, and operational skills without the risks and expenses associated with on-the-job training. Maritime simulation systems are tools used to simulate real-world scenarios for training and research purposes, in which they are used to train seafarers in a safe and controlled environment. These systems are used to simulate different scenarios, such as navigation, maneuvering, and ship handling. The simulation systems allow users to learn and practice different scenarios without exposing themselves to real-life risks. However, at the moment, Vietnam's maritime simulators are dependent on other nations, which results in a lack of technological autonomy, a lengthy transfer of technology, high expenses, and a reduction in national security. Therefore, there is a lot of interest in developing a domestic maritime simulation system. With a rotation angle of α = [α1 α2 α3]T from the PLC controlling the DC/Servo system, the motion platform of the marine simulation system is built on the Stewart platform design principle. Due to the use of conventional control methods, this system suffers from a time delay of up to 1200ms, which prevents it from reacting to real-time control. In this paper, we investigate a novel technique for controlling the dynamic model with three degrees of freedom (3 DOF) of a cockpit cabin deck using artificial neural networks. The findings demonstrate that the reaction to real-time control, rotation error, and drive/servo system movement are all greatly improved.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПО СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЮ ПРОГРАММЫ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ

The article is devoted to an urgent problem today, which has affected almost all spheres of life of the Russian Federation, is the desire to increase import dependence. The purpose of this study is to review the economic situation on the part of technological independence in Russia in the oil and gas sector and to propose a program that will help reduce the import dependence of enterprises from companies in foreign countries. In the course of the work, the authors revealed the meaning of the concept of “import substitution” in the country, considered current problems with import substitution in the oil and gas industry, emphasized the negative impact of the unstable economic situation in Russia on industry, also noted the technological unpreparedness of enterprises to change the economic course to import independence and identified the need to eliminate deficiencies in measures to establish technological autonomy. Based on the set goals, an analysis of investments and innovations in the import substitution program was carried out, attention was paid to the number of purchases and their reduction, the importance of the industry and the criticality of the height of the level of import dependence in it were analyzed and it was concluded that import dependence cannot be realized without the support of the state. Based on the above questions and conclusions, innovations are proposed to optimize and improve programs for the development of technological autonomy, which are based on a register of factors to assess how much money should be allocated to a particular enterprise in the first place in order to maintain a uniform level of production activity and be able to reduce costs with illiterate investment of funds, as well as to create a basis for for import independence.

Гонка нанометров: американская политика в отношении Тайваня и Республики Корея

Intensive development of manufacturing capabilities of Taiwan and Republic of Korea (RoK) since 1960s leads to their emergence as key global semiconductor asset. Until 2020/2021 TSMC and Samsung supplied almost 100% of most technologically advanced chips. The U. S. considered this situation as critical dependence – both for political (conflict with China, securitization of digital technologies, etc.) and economic reasons (risks of supply distortions). Along with science and technology (S&T) efforts major accent was put on new relations with Taiwan and RoK as sources of investments and competences needed to regain U.S. capabilities. By forcing and stimulating TSMC and Samsung to localize its facilities in the USA, American elites tried to solve set of different tasks. Among them were supporting strategic technological autonomy from Asia, and limiting Chinese potential for development (by requiring non-cooperation with PRC in exchange for subsidies). However, due to economic, regulatory, and competence drawbacks efficiency of this new strategy is questionable. Crisis in the electronic industry since the fall of 2022 makes the situation even more problematic. In the mid-term the strategy may not change the balance of power in microchip manufacturing and architecture of relationship with both Asian economies. This requires further development of American economic diplomacy toward Taiwan, RoK – as well as Japan (a so-called “Chip 4” group). This coincides with changes in market dynamics of semiconductor industry. On one hand, geopolitics and value chain resilience became organic factors defining investments and operational expenses. On the other, we may envision sharp rise of competition among nations and companies. Thus, for the long-term success may be determined only by S&T and Innovations (also through industry restructuring) where USA are still strong, but their success isn’t guaranteed anymore.