Technogenic Risk Research Articles

Traditional vegetarian food products in villages of Syunik, Armenia: Technogenic contamination risks assessment

Background: For generations, vegetarian food products have been fundamental to the diets of rural Armenian communities. However, villages situated near territories near mines face severe chemical contamination of soil, air and water. This poses a significant problem in Syunik Region, Republic of Armenia (RA), where metal mines have operated for over 50 years. Notably, this region is one of Armenia’s most important agrarian areas ensuring food production for the entire country. Therefore, assessing potential chemical contamination risks in food products from this region is crucial. Objectives: This article assesses the risks associated with chemical contamination of traditional vegetarian food products commonly consumed in the villages of Artsvanik, Sevaqar, and Chapni in Syunik region of Republic of Armenia (RA). Specifically, this region has hosted both a thriving mining industry and agriculture for over 50 years. Results: According to the results obtained, there was no significant increase in the concentrations of most studied metals in the plant samples. Conclusions: Concentrations of most studied metals remained unchanged. However, copper (Cu) and molybdenum (Mo) levels were elevated in nettle samples. Long-term consumption of nettle-based foods, from this region may pose health risks. In contrast, consuming other plants is considered lower risk. Nevertheless, to minimize health risks ongoing monitoring of Cu and Mo concentration in this area is essential. Keywords: heavy metals, vegetarian food, Phaseolus vulgaris, Urtica dioica, Malus domestica, Solanum tuberosum.

PROBLEMS OF MANAGING TECHNOLOGICAL REGIMES IN GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS AND MODERN APPROACHES TO THEIR SOLUTION

This article systematically discusses the problems of managing technological regimes in gas distribution networks and modern approaches to their resolution. The scientific-theoretical and practical aspects of managing gas distribution networks (GDN) are analyzed. Based on the obtained results, a scientifically grounded comparative explanation of the existing contradictions in modern and traditional gas distribution networks is provided, and the role of key factors in the emergence of these contradictions is investigated. It is shown that technological backwardness in traditional GDNs increases energy consumption and operational costs, thereby reducing the economic efficiency of the system and increasing the risk of accidents. The research suggests decision-making methods for solving management problems in traditional GDNs by maintaining the technical-structural level and implementing telemetry systems. It is indicated that the widespread use of telemetry and telemechanics tools in the gas distribution industry enhances the safe delivery of gas to end-users and significantly reduces service costs. Another focus of the research is on the issues related to the processing of spatial information for the management of the technical components of gas distribution systems. The article also analyzes scientific research dedicated to the application of modern IT methods and tools in the management of GDNs, investigating management and forecasting models using neural networks and intelligent methods. Keywords: Gas distribution networks, modern GDN networks, traditional GDN networks, GIS systems, digital technologies, technogenic risks, neural networks, forecasting methods

Use of logical-graphic methods of analysis of risks in the water supply systems of thermal power plants

Today's urgent issues in the water supply of thermal power plants are increasing the efficiency of production processes, reducing energy costs, introducing innovative technologies, as well as ensuring environmental safety and sustainable development. The analysis of the causes of industrial accidents and damages shows that the occurrence and development of accidents, as a rule, is characterized by a combination of random local events that occur with different frequency at different stages of the accident. Logical-graphic methods of fault trees and events are used to identify cause-and-effect relationships between these events. In order to investigate the identification and analysis of cause-and-effect relationships that contribute to the occurrence of failures in the water treatment system using a fault tree for the further development of effective measures to minimize risks and increase the reliability and safety of the water supply systems of thermal power plants, it is proposed to use logical-graphic methods on the previous stage of identification and assessment of technogenic risks. The analysis of the obtained results showed that: 1) the fault tree is an instantaneous display of the system at a certain moment in time t and is a graphical representation of the cause-and-effect relationships obtained as a result of identifying dangerous situations in the system in a forward and reverse order in order to find possible causes of their occurrence; 2) a complex final event should be determined using the so-called «tree top». The top of the tree consists of the final event and additional undesirable events, including potential accidents and dangerous conditions that are direct causes of the final event. The final event and additional events must be carefully defined and all the most important causes of the final event identified. Therefore, the first five heuristic rules must be used when building a rejection tree; 3) construction of a fault tree using heuristic rules can be used when considering any element of the system, however, to simplify cumbersome constructions, it is more appropriate to build trees only for the main elements that cause emergency situations and have a negative impact on people's lives and health, as well as on environment; 4) when building a fault trees for the technological scheme of water treatment, it is possible to specify and quantify events, to find events with a very high probability and a very low probability, to limit the further development of the fault trees and to establish the causes of failures at each stage of the water treatment process; 5) the rejection tree can be used for quantitative assessments using Markov models.

An Expert Approach to Assessing Technogenic Risk at Enrichment Plants

An Expert Approach to Assessing Technogenic Risk at Enrichment Plants

Determination of technogenic risks when using various water purification technologies

In modern conditions, ensuring the reliability and safety of water supply systems is a primary task for the industrial economy and the safety of life of the population of Ukraine. Constant bombing and damage to critical infrastructure facilities, including water management facilities, endangers the stability and quality of the country's water resources. In this context, conducting research on the identification of man-made risks in water treatment systems using various technologies, as well as developing strategies to increase the reliability and safety of operation of water supply systems are becoming relevant for the industrial sector of Ukraine. In order to increase the reliability of water treatment units and their operational safety, man-made risks were investigated when using ion exchange, electrodialysis, and water distillation technologies at thermal power plants. It is shown that during normal operation of the ion-exchange water purification system with an average productivity of 400 m3/h, in the case of frequent changes in the concentration of salts at the inlet, the risk of receiving underpurified water is 0.0783. This value must be taken into account for the assessment of economic and social-ecological risks, since it exceeds the generally accepted value of 0.01. When using electrodialysis water purification and frequent changes in the concentration of salts at the inlet, the risk of receiving underpurified water is 0.0271. This value is also greater than 0.01 risk accepted as acceptable. The water distillation technology has enough margin to compensate for any deviations in the purification process and gives a very low risk. However, the distillation process is more effective in removing only soluble impurities, while in the case of suspended substances, in particular of organic origin, there is a risk of exceeding the limit of 0.01.

Ecological and economic assessment of the effectiveness of implementing bioenergy technologies in the conditions of post-war recovery of Ukraine

Purpose. Ecological and economic assessment of the effectiveness of implementing bioenergy technologies for processing organic waste in conditions of technogenic and military risks, while also addressing the need to reduce the extraction of fossil fuels. Methodology. The advanced global experience in bioenergy development is analyzed and considered using modern methods for calculating the technological parameters of biogas plants and determining the economic indicators of their effectiveness. The techno-economic evaluation and justification of the prospects of biogas energy are performed considering the regulatory framework and legislation of Ukraine and the European Union. Findings. With the development of individual biogas plants, the daily output can make approximately: biogas – 370 m3, electricity – 700 kW, thermal energy – 1100 kW. The total value of realized resources per year of operation amounts to €60,370 (of which: electricity – €31,467; thermal energy – €10,907; liquid organic fertilizers – €17,996). With investments of around €270–300 thousand and an annual profit of €21,870, the payback period of investments reaches 12–13 years. Originality. The scientific justification for the prospect and necessity of developing biogas energy in Ukraine has been established to improve overall energy security and the eco-economic efficiency of developing low-waste technologies alongside reducing the extraction of energy resources and greenhouse gas emissions. Assuming the improvement of the regulatory framework for biogas extraction and implementation in line with EU standards, as well as grant funding from various partner countries, the payback period could be reduced from 12 to 5–6 years, which is an acceptable indicator for small private enterprises. Practical value. The practical implementation of the proposed perspectives for the development of Ukraine’s energy sector in the conditions of post-war recovery will reduce dependence on fossil fuels, increase the overall level of environmental and economic efficiency in the energy sector. The possibility of reducing the payback period of capital investments in “green energy” projects by half for farm enterprises has been justified, which positively impacts the environment and energy security of Ukraine.

In vitro development of preimplantation cattle embryos obtained from oocytes irradiated with low doses of ionizing radiation

Radiation-induced processes in germ reproductive cells, as well as the effect of low doses of radiation on the reproductive potential of farm animals remain poorly studied. Assessing the radiation effects of low doses on gametes and early embryos will reveal biological features that are important for assisted reproductive technologies in animal husbandry. In addition, the study of the processes of maturation and fertilization of irradiated gametes and the subsequent development of early preimplantation embryos will make it possible to update measures to protect the health and reproductive potential of farm animals in conditions of technogenic radiation risks. In this study, we focused on analyzing the effects of irradiation on the ovaries of cattle and examining the consequences of this exposure on embryo development under in vitro fertilization conditions. We used X-ray radiation of different dose rates with an absorbed dose of 100 mGy. The research results showed a decrease in the frequency of blastocyst formation in all experimental groups of embryos obtained from oocytes of irradiated ovaries. The data obtained can serve as a scientific basis for the development of measures to preserve the reproductive potential of farm animals under technogenic radiation risks, as well as for further search of ways to improve assisted reproductive technologies in animal husbandry.

Iodine in soils, pasture vegetation cuttings, and local food products of certain regions of Russia affected by the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident

Natural iodine deficiency, which in some regions of Russia provokes thyroid diseases, increases the consequences of the entry of short-lived radioactive isotopes of this element into the food chain as a result of the Chernobyl accident (1986). The aim of the work is to assess the risk of morbidity of the population of the Kaluga, Bryansk and Oryol regions with thyroid cancer at the level of individual settlements based on experimental data. The iodine content in soils and vegetation cuttings of pastures in geochemically contrasting landscapes, as well as in cows' milk and potatoes of private household farms in the regions affected by the Chernobyl accident in 1986: Bryansk (2021), Oryol (2022) and Kaluga (2023) regions was studied. Joint expeditions of the Laboratory of Environmental Biogeochemistry of GEOKHI RAS and the Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology of the Institute of Ecology of RUDN, carried out on the initiative and with the participation of the authors, revealed a significant variation of iodine concentration in soils and food products, which may be crucial for assessing the risk of thyroid diseases, including thyroid cancer, among the local rural population. The iodine content was found to be highly variable in both topsoil (0.31-3.04 mg/kg) and grass cuttings (0.14-0.29 mg/kg) of the study area. The maximum natural and technogenic risk of thyroid cancer morbidity in the rural population as a result of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident of 1986 is specific for the studied settlements of Zhizdrinsky district of Kaluga region, Bolkhovsky, Dmitrovsky and Sverdlovsky districts of Oryol region, Rognedinsky district of Bryansk region.

Analysis of radar images of the Sentinel-1 satellite using the EO Browser web resource

The article's purpose is to review the capabilities of the EO Browser web resource and tools for remote sensing data analysis and visualization. Examples of satellite images obtained using a synthetic aperture radar are given. The presented results were obtained during the processing of radar images of the Sentinel-1 satellite, which are freely available thanks to the implementation of the Copernicus program concept regarding the public availability of Earth remote sensing data. The results of satellite radar acquisition are used to prevent, preserve, and forecast natural or technogenic threats and risks, considering the high frequency of acquisition and the promptness of obtained data. The effectiveness of using the web resource in solving the environmental monitoring tasks in seawater areas, identifying accident sites, determining the area of oil spills, planning measures to eliminate the consequences and reduce environmental risks, and collecting the evidence base about the event is shown. The mechanism of reflection of the radar signal from various natural surfaces (including oil spills into the sea) and artificial objects (for detecting the position of sea vessels) is considered. A comparison of the effectiveness of using radar images of the Sentinel-1 satellite with optical images taken by the Sentinel-2 satellite for monitoring the condition of forest areas was performed. Satellite radar images are a reliable data source for continuously monitoring unregulated woodland destruction. The results' practical significance lies in using EO Browser to solve a wide range of scientific, practical, and educational problems using radar images. Further research using satellite radar images and the EO Browser platform is related to environmental monitoring in marine water areas. This applies to issues related to the detection of accumulations of garbage and plastic on water surfaces. It is promising to use the potential of the web resource for position designing and rapid determination of the effectiveness of deploying ground corner reflectors during geodynamic monitoring of the earth's surface. Keywords: synthetic aperture radar, remote sensing, environmental monitoring

The updated electronic map of the overwetting manifestation and development by causes in Ukraine

The article in historical retrospect considers the experience of mapping and analysis of regional manifestations and risk of land overwetting in Ukraine as a leading process of modern changes in the ecological state of its geological environment. Since the importance of such monitoring increases in the conditions of technogenic regulating of surface runoff (on more than 75% of the riverbeds length as regional drains of soil aquifers), the impact of climate change, and the need to take into account the activation of dangerous exogenous geological processes during the implementation of post-war reconstruction and infrastructure restoration programs. The results of works on the mapping in part of updating the electronic "Map of the manifestation and development of overwetting by causes in the territory of Ukraine for 2015" in the ArcGis 10.2 environment are outlined. The results of a GIS analysis of overwetting territorial distribution in the territory of Ukraine and its changes for 2002-2015 are also presented in relation to the risks of other dangerous processes activation, especially on wetted loess rocks. These studies become an argument for the greening of environmental management policy in areas of technogenic risk and natural & technogenic risk of overwetting, especially in parts of irrigation technologies, restoration of surface and underground runoff, reconstruction of large reservoirs, modernization of water supply and drainage systems in urbanized areas. It is especially emphasized that for the proper justification and functioning of monitoring, it is necessary to fully restore periodic field surveys of overwetting manifestation, primarily in the areas affected by mass flooding of mines in mining areas.

Systematization of industrial technogenic risks at mining enterprises

Research objective is to develop a general approach to systematizing the signs of mining territories, natural and man-made features safety. Research relevance is due to the need to ensure the safety of economic activity in the territory of mining. Methods of research. Subsoil use implies taking into account multiple factors that lead to the risk of decisions implementation. Risk is considered as a potential, numerically estimated probability of the unfavorable events (situations), their consequences in the form of accidents, human casualties, losses, damages, material losses, etc. Risk is a quantitative assessment of the hazards characterizing a situation with uncertain outcome and obligatory manifestation of unfavorable consequences. It is advisable to assess the safety status of any mining enterprise site by a number of indicators that characterize the system’s resilience to negative impacts caused by infrastructural, natural, geological, technological, economic and financial factors. The risk situation caused by statistical processes is associated with accompanying conditions: the presence of uncertainty, the need for an alternative choice, and the possibility of accepted options (alternatives) probabilistic evaluation. Negative phenomena in subsoil use are manifested in the form of deformation of pit walls and dumps, collapse of an individual or a group of pit benches, destruction of transport lines and power supply utilities, rockfall, beneficiation process flow deviations from the designed one, violations of man-made features and the ecological and biological environment, which should be interpreted as man-made disasters of an industrial nature. Results. The classification of risks as a multidimensional category is justified by the factors (causes) of occurrence, the driving force of which generates a negative process and determines its characteristics or individual features. Conclusions. The systematization of various risks based on infrastructural, mining-geological, process flow and environmental factors ensures, at the initial stage of risk formation, the determination of their characteristics and the development of a system of management measures to ensure the sustainable functioning of a mining enterprise.

Determination of reliability conditions of reversible water supply systems in thermal power engineering

Today, the most important issues in the national economy of Ukraine are the issues of continuous, reliable and safe operation of reversible water supply systems, namely power units of thermal electric stations and heating plants of industrial enterprises. Trouble-free and reliable operation of water supply systems ensures the normal operation of social and household and industrial enterprises, as well as the safe operation of fire protection systems, which can be disrupted when the supply of a quality product to the consumer is stopped. For the purpose of research to determine the conditions of the reliability of reversible water supply systems in thermal power engineering, as well as the impact of risks in these systems on the reliability of reversible water supply systems, it is proposed to determine the states in which any water treatment system can be and the risks in water treatment systems that are technogenic in origin, and the consequences are ecological. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the states in which the water treatment system can be divided into three classes in accordance with the regulatory documents on the definition of technogenic risks in water treatment systems: class 1 (limit state) - the system works in normal mode, all blocks and elements work without failures and crashes; class 2 (critical state) - the system works in offline mode, some units or elements of the system work in partial failure mode; class 3 (dangerous state) - the system practically does not work and does not purify water, some blocks or elements of the system are in a state of failure. The risks that arise during the operation of water treatment systems and which can be used to assess their technogenic safety can be defined as: a) the probability of this system supplying raw water to the consumer as a result of the failure of blocks and elements of this system - state 3 - dangerous; b) the probability of this system supplying the consumer with poor-quality water as a result of partial failures and freelance work of units and elements of this system - state 2 - critical; c) the probability of this system supplying raw water to the consumer when the system is in state 1 - limiting, due to the natural inertia inherent in the specific physical and chemical processes on which the actual system operates.

Training risk managers within Industry 4.0

The article analyzes the approach to training risk managers within Industry 4.0. An analysis of the fourth stage of the industrial revolution and requirements for specialists involved in ensuring company safety at enterprises was carried out; the legislation on labor protection management was investigated. The main task is to train a risk manager able to assess and manage risks. The main educational program for training technosphere safety experts, which develops skills for assessing technogenic, natural and social risks in new conditions, is analyzed. The article shows that in order to train professionals, it is necessary to apply active learning methods and encourage research on the transition to Industry 4.0.

MODEL OF MULTICOMPONENT LIQUID POOL EVAPORATION FORMED DUE ACCIDENTAL SPILLS

Quantitative analysis and assessment of technogenic risk imply a thorough study of the emergency process at the level of phenomenology. In the process of such a study, mathematical models of the physical and chemical processes of the formation of a hazardous substance in the surrounding space, the occurrence and influence of damaging factors on recipients, which are people, the environment, buildings and equipment, are involved. One of the most common scenarios for the formation of a hazardous substance in the environment is the spillage of a liquid phase, often of a multicomponent composition, onto the earth's surface. The subsequent evaporation of a hazardous substance is a key factor in the formation of an explosive, flammable or toxic cloud. Therefore, it is extremely important to correctly assess the intensity of the release of a hazardous substance into the environment. This study presents a mathematical model for the evaporation of a multicomponent liquid from the surface of an emergency spill, taking into account external energy flows that affect the evaporation process (heat flow from atmospheric air, heat flow from the underlying surface, radiation flow from the sun). The effect of cooling due to evaporation is taken into account. The developed model takes into account the mutual influence of the component composition of the liquid phase and the evaporation process. A comparative analysis of the simulation results was made with the published experimental data on the processes of evaporation of a cryogenic liquid (nitrogen) and liquids under non-boiling conditions such as ethanol and cyclohexane. The results of the comparison showed the applicability of the model in the field of quantitative risk analysis and assessment, and also revealed ways to improve the mathematical model of the multicomponent liquid pool evaporation.

Математическое моделирование управления природно-техногенно-антропогенным риском в Арктической зоне

Introduction. The work examines the process of managing natural-technogenic-anthropogenic (PTA) risk in the Arctic zone (AZ) of the Russian Federation (RF). The relevance of the problem of risk assessment was confirmed, and questions about the possibility of managing natural, technogenic and anthropogenic risks in the AZ of the Russian Federation were considered. The assessment of the possibility of direct management of natural, technogenic and anthropogenic risks is given. A mathematical model for PTA risk management has been developed. The results of modeling PTA risk management were obtained. Numerical assessments of geodynamic, technogenic and anthropogenic risks were carried out for a selected part of the territory of the Russian Arctic, and the dynamics of PTA risk for various types of external and control impacts on the natural-technogenic system were analyzed. An optimal control (in % efficiency) is proposed, which takes into account the type of risk and the characteristic time interval. Goals and objectives. To develop a mathematical model for assessing the dynamics of PTA risk, to consider and analyze the results of its practical implementation for the territory of the Russian Arctic. To achieve this goal, questions about the possibility of managing PTA risk in the AZ of the Russian Federation were considered, and assessments were made of the possibility of managing PTA risk. The subject of the research is mathematical models for managing natural, technogenic and anthropogenic risks, as well as their integrated implementation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Methods. To achieve the goal and solve the research problems, methods of control theory, numerical estimation, mathematical statistics. Results and its discussion. Numerical assessments of the effectiveness of geodynamic, technogenic, anthropogenic and complex risk management for both “point-based” and distributed management have been carried out. It is shown that the optimal types of risk management are those based on constant and linear corrections of technogenic and anthropogenic risks. Conclusions. The results of assessing the effectiveness of these types of controls and their graphical interpretation in the form of distribution fields of geodynamic, technogenic, anthropogenic and complex risks are presented. The developed mathematical model for assessing the dynamics of PTA risk is presented, the results of its practical implementation are reviewed and analyzed. Keywords: Arctic zone; mathematical modeling; management; natural-technogenic-anthropogenic risk; natural-technogenic system; corrective action.

Atmospheric release of organic solvents due to hazardous events in the paints and varnishes industry

Technogenic risk is the result of creation and development of hazards that originate from accidents in the technosphere. It involves emissions of hazardous industrial substances into the work and natural environments, fires, radioactive contamination, and contamination by toxic substances during their transport and storage. The qualitative and quantitative technogenic risk assessment has to be performed during the use, handling, transport, and storage of hazardous substances if it is decided that specific environmental elements at a specific location are likely to become exposed to hazardous substances, leading to environmental degradation. This paper discusses vulnerability zones - specifically, the high lethality zone and the irreversible effects zone - that are formed due to hazardous events or accidents in the paints and varnishes industry. Accidents are discussed in terms of exposure to solvents classified as hazardous to ecosystem components, the biosphere, anthroposphere, and the human population during their atmospheric dispersion. The vulnerability zones are designated using the REHRA (Rapid Environmental and Health Risk Assessment) methodology and their spatial arrangement is used to perform the risk assessment for the purpose of notifying authorized institutions and the public about a potentially increased risk at the hazard location and/or the immediate vicinity.

ОЦІНКА ТЕХНОГЕННОГО ТА ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО РИЗИКУ ЗА КРИТЕРІЄМ ЕКОЛОГО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВУГЛЕВИДОБУВНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ДОНЕЦЬКОЇ ТА ЛУГАНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТЕЙ

The peculiarities of the geological and technical conditions of the coal deposits of the Donetsk coal basin, which are concentrated within the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, are revealed. The main indicators are given and an analysis of the technical and economic state of the coal industry is performed using the example of the main coal mining enterprises of the studied territories. An assessment of the complex impact on the surrounding natural environment сreated by the main coal-mining enterprises was carried out, based on a detailed examination and identification of a number of factors of the creation of man-made load within the limits of technology technical complexes of coal mining facilities. The assessment of technogenic and environmental risk based on the criteria of ecological and economic efficiency of coal mining enterprises of Donetsk and Luhansk regions made it possible to form the first approximate, but scientifically based ideas about the profitability (unprofitability) of coal mining activities of some enterprises, which is the basis for the further development of recommendations on consistency and expediency closing of mines in order to reduce the technogenic load. The article analyzes and uses data from the official environmental reporting of coal-mining enterprises, data from the Geoinform Ukrainy State Research Institute, the Ministry of Energy, the State Statistics Service, and scientific and methodological sources. According to the results of the assessment of the parameter of ecological and economic efficiency of enterprises and analysis of its influence on the formation of ecological safety of production, none of the main coal-mining enterprises of Donetsk and Luhansk regions is considered ecologically safe. Enterprises of SE "Lysychanskvugilya", SE "Pervomaiskvugilya" (Luhansk region), as well as enterprises of SE "Myrnogradvugilya" and SE "Selydivvugilya" (Donetsk region) are characterized by the lowest value of the coefficient of optimality of technological processes and are classified as extremely environmentally dangerous enterprises according to the results of the assessment.

Technical and technological capacity of waste disposal in the regions of Ukraine

Active processing – incineration and utilization (mechanical and biological treatment), along with passive storage of inert residues in specially designated areas, are the most commonly used waste management techniques in Ukraine. According to European standards, these technologies carry environmental risks to some extent and do not belong to full-fledged recycling. Significant amounts of accumulated and generated waste determine the regional economic capacity that can be used for the introduction of recycling technologies. The article aims to conduct a feasibility study on waste processing in Ukraine, given the regional capacity for the development of recycling technologies. To reach this goal, the following tasks were solved: to analyze the existing technologies for processing household and similar waste and to carry out their economic evaluation; identify areas for innovative development of regional waste management systems in the near future. The analysis of technologies of household and similar waste processing existing in Ukraine is carried out. The article emphasizes that there are a number of problems with their functionality. Emphasis is placed on the availability of powerful raw materials for recycling. The following main problems of waste disposal sites are outlined: lack of their certification due to non-compliance with current standards and continued accumulation of waste despite the exhaustion of service life; voluntary decisions to close technogenic risk landfills; finding alternative ways of waste management. A comparative ecological and economic assessment of waste processing technologies is carried out. The use of innovative technologies of waste incineration through reconstruction and equipping of processing plants with modern combustion and filtration systems of exhaust gases to minimize environmental risks is relevant for the development of waste management systems.

ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ РИСКОВ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОГО ХАРАКТЕРА НА ГОРНЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ

The risk of subsurface use is caused by negative manifestations of subsurface use due to infrastructural, natural, geological, technological, economic, financial and other factors. The probabilistic-statistical method of risk research in addition to the usual, classical methods of exact sciences allows deeper and more objective identification of the possibility of the emergence of technogenic risks. One of the ways to identify the risk of negative phenomena in subsurface use is the use of methods of probability theory and random statistical geodata. For a probabilistic assessment of the design parameters and indicators of technogenic formations, it is not necessary to know the distribution laws of individual random variables taken into account in the calculation model (multifactor function). It is enough to use only numerical characteristics of random variables: average values and first moments.

Ensuring the projects’ environmental safety based on a risk-based approach

The modern construction pay attention to fundamentally new requirements, the quality of products and service and improve the quality management system of green building and environmental safety facilities. The integration of new energy efficient technologies and energy efficient buildings is one of the priority options in the development of modern cities. The article use the methods of comparative analysis of the various international standards of green buildings and eco-certification of greening systems were applied, based on a risk-based approach. Risks are calculated using complex methods. The assessment of green building sustainability was considered as is a key factor of reducing technogenic risks and be the guarantee that the green building is environmentally friendly. The analysis showed the main regulatory and technical documents used in the construction of buildings with the use of greening systems, considered the basic safety requirements when working at height, and also evaluated the application of standards in the field of environmental certification of materials of new technologies used, developed by authors.The ecological certificate allows to increase the competitiveness of products in the market, which is economically beneficial.The principles of green building are aimed at creating a healthy and comfortable environment due to a large amount of daylight and fresh air.