Techno-economic Analysis Of Hybrid Research Articles

Techno-economic analysis of hybrid PV-Battery-diesel system for isolated Dockyard In West Papua

An isolated dockyard located in West Papua currently relies on two diesel generators (DGs) with a total capacity of 1,100 kW to fulfil its energy demand. However, these DGs operate at low efficiency, resulting in a high levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of Rp9,064 /kWh and generating 496 metric tons CO2 emissions equivalent per year. On the other hand, the dockyard holds significant solar energy potential. There is opportunity to utilise solar photovoltaic (PV) since its LCOE is also decreasing. This study aims to determine the optimal configuration and sizing of a PV-battery-diesel to minimise LCOE, considering CO2 emissions and a maximum capital expenditure (CAPEX) constraint of Rp 16.4 billion. Four topologies are evaluated: DG, PV-DG, PV-battery, and PV-battery-DG topology. The results highlight the PV-battery-DG topology as the lowest LCOE of Rp3,185 /kWh while adhering to the CAPEX constraint. The PV-battery topology is the most effective in reducing emissions by 100%. Both the PV-battery-DG and PV-battery topologies are less sensitive to fuel price volatility but are more influenced by changes in inflation rates. In contrast, the DG and PV-DG topologies are relatively less responsive to inflation changes but significantly responsive to variations in fuel prices.

Techno-economic analysis of hybrid solar-biomass-wind for water pumping considering carbon tax and renewable energy rebate

There is a need for increased penetration of renewable energy resources (RES) in the energy mix of South Africa that is currently bedevilled by recurring load shedding thus affecting sustainable critical infrastructures such as water pumping and water use. This paper assesses the viability of three RES of solar, biomass, and wind for water pumping at two locations (University of Johannesburg, APK campus – L1 and Zuikerbosch pumping station – L2) in Johannesburg, South Africa by utilising daily data from 2003 to 2020. A detailed feasibility analysis of the three RES was conducted, after which a rebate-based novel model for reducing the unit cost with zero greenhouse gas (GHG) was implemented for solar PV. Key findings reveal that the power requirement in L1 and L2 booster stations are 91 kW and 71,331 kW, respectively while the produced power from a 350 W monocrystalline PV-module utilized is 0.103 kW in L1 and L2 using 882 and 692,534 modules. The biomass power of 47.68 GW in L1 and 99.42 GW in L2 was produced from an average amount of food waste estimate of 1641 and 1248,800 tonnes evaluated from 3729 and 2838,100 tonnes of putrescible waste using a population model. The power density results depict a very weak wind energy application capability in the two locations based on National Renewable Energy Laboratory indices after using 11 differently sized wind turbines in the two locations. Finally, the result from the rebated unit-cost model reveals that the unit cost of water dropped by 17.09$/kWhr from 0.33$/kWhr in L1 and 21.20$/kWhr from 0.66$/kWhr in L2 using the solar PV modules. The study aligns with similar study done in Qatar, and the Springer report on Energy Democracy Evaluation for 100% Renewable Energy Policies and Projects showing an increased penetration of affordable and carbon-free RES which will in turn reduce climate change effects globally.

Techno-economic analysis of hybrid PV/T systems under different climate scenarios and energy tariffs

This paper presents the techno-economic study of a hybrid PV/T system for the simultaneous production of electric and thermal energy under different climate scenarios and energy tariffs. A simulator was developed and validated using TRNSYS software to perform a comparative energy study of five cities with different weather conditions and energy prices: Mexicali, Soria, Bigene, Fresno and Madison. Our work proposes an extended analysis with sites that have not been studied before, and complements the scope of previous work. Under same requirements of thermal energy for DHW demand, energy production was analyzed during an entire year of operation, using different numbers of PV/T modules. Results show that the city of Mexicali is the place where most energy, both thermal and electrical, is produced. In this same locality a solar thermal fraction of 80% can be reached with only three modules installed. Energy feasibility contrasts drastically with economic benefit, where Soria presents the most attractive investment returns and monetary savings of the scenarios analyzed. Moreover, a comparison of investment returns is presented, considering subsidies in the initial investment, where return of up to 1.8 years result with a 75% subsidy. In addition, a relation of the climatic conditions of the studied cities is presented, such as solar radiation and ambient temperature, in the performance of the PV/T technologies. The conclusions of the study help decision making and planning of financial support programs, since it was considered extreme climates and representative of most of the sites where PV/T systems would be installed.

Techno-economic analysis of hybrid Diesel-PV-Battery system and hybrid Diesel-PV-Wind-Battery system in Eastern Indonesia

Generally, remote areas in Indonesia apply diesel power plants to provide electricity due to the high cost of grid extensions. The concern of the use of standalone diesel generators is fluctuations in the price of fuel oil, as well as gas emissions resulting from the remnants of combustion. To reduce the use of fossil fuels, it is necessary to use renewable energy which has the potential to be configured hybrid with a diesel generator. This study will discuss the techno and economic analysis of two different hybrid system configurations using the HOMER software. Those hybrid systems are consisting of diesel-PV-battery system and diesel-PV-wind turbine -battery system. There is a reduction in the cost of energy (COE) as the proposed hybrid system is compared with the existing diesel generator system. The COE of the existing system is $ 0.1968 I kWh, whereas the proposed hybrid diesel-PV-battery system and the hybrid diesel-PV-wind turbine-battery system are $ 0.1554 I kWh and $ 0.1555 I kWh, respectively. These optimized results show a reduction in fuel consumption for both hybrid systems configuration by 53.83% and 53.58% when compared to the existing standalone diesel generators. Thus, both hybrid systems have a lower Net Present Cost value of 21.04% and 20.99% when compared to the current standalone diesel generator system. On the other hand, CO2 emissions generated by the two-hybrid system configurations have decreased compared to standalone diesel generators, which were 53.83% and 53.57%, accordingly.

Design and techno-economic analysis of hybrid PV/wind system at different values of LPSP and DoD: case study at Nasiriyah technical institute. Iraq

Design and techno-economic analysis of hybrid PV/wind system at different values of LPSP and DoD: case study at Nasiriyah technical institute. Iraq

Separating the Heat from the Gap

Increasing the conversion efficiency of incident solar energy to electricity is a key goal in the solar R&D community. In this issue of Joule , a conceptual hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) receiver design is reported by the research groups of Evelyn Wang and Gang Chen. High exergetic efficiency is achieved by absorbing below-bandgap and excessively high-energy photons as thermal energy, while allowing photons at the PV's bandgap to pass through to the underlying cell.

Techno-economic analysis of hybrid PV/T systems for process heat using electricity to subsidize the cost of heat

Process heat applications make up a large potential market for renewable energy. Concentrated solar thermal (CST) systems are capable of reaching temperatures necessary for a wide variety of industrial and commercial applications but are often overlooked due to the difficulty of competing with natural gas. Novel hybrid photovoltaic/thermal systems (PV/T) are capable of simultaneously generating electricity and heat. The electricity produced is of higher value and offsets the lifetime cost of the system by producing a cost savings to the facility, ultimately making solar heat competitive with natural gas, propane, coal, and other fuels. An economic model that utilizes the electricity savings as part of the cash flow within the levelized cost of energy equation is presented here. We further determine the sensitivity of PV/T system costs to technical, financial, and geographical parameters. A dish concentrator PV/T (CPV/T) system with a transmissive CPV array is used as a reference system for sensitivity analysis. Through design choices informed by this new modeling approach, the levelized cost of heat (LCOH) is shown to be competitive with natural gas in up to 6 states within the United States and can be reduced to a minimum of −1.4¢/kWhth in Hawaii by factoring in the electricity savings from additional energy generated by the transmissive CPV module. Competitiveness in select global regions is also considered. Further examination of several other geometries of PV/T systems with this model, for an installation in California, shows that flat plate collectors with waste heat recovery result in the lowest LCOH of 1.23¢/kWhth.

Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Diesel Energy System for Oil and Gas Industries in Nigeria

Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic/Diesel Energy System for Oil and Gas Industries in Nigeria

Techno-economic analysis of hybrid solar-diesel-grid connected power generation system

Due to ever increasing energy demand and depletion of conventional energy resources, renewable energy is being promoted throughout the globe. The Government of India initiated a large number of schemes for encouragement of renewable energy for power generation and to make it competitive with fossil-based energy options like coal, oil etc. Keeping these initiatives in mind, this paper aims to optimize several hybrid energy system models consisting of solar PV, diesel generators and grid. Optimization is based on the techno-economic analysis of renewable as well as grid connected hybrid systems in HOMER software. The comparison is based on per unit cost of electrical energy production, operating cost of conventional fossil fuel based energy sources and reduction in green house gases.

Techno-economic analysis of hybrid photovoltaic/diesel/battery off-grid system in northern Nigeria

The rate of dependence on stand-alone diesel generator for individual electricity generation among households in Nigeria is geometrically increasing and has thus led to significant increase of the environment pollution. This is due to the inability of the utility company to meet the energy demand of its yearning consumers due to ageing and limitations in power infrastructures. This has led to about 40% of the country's population been cut off from the national grid. In view of these hazardous effects posed from the usage of these individual diesel-powered generations, this paper reports on the assessment of techno-economic viability of a hybrid photovoltaic diesel/battery off-grid system as an alternative solution to these threats. For that purpose, a remote area located far in the northern part of Nigeria was taken as the case study in which an international institution with peak demand of 90 kW was considered. The HOMER optimization software is used to evaluate both the technical and economic viability of the proposed energy system by taking into account the variations of both the solar radiation and diesel prices, as experienced in most part of Nigeria. The study reveals the potential capability of the hybrid photovoltaic/diesel energy system with battery backup as a good alternative energy source for individual household replacement for diesel-powered generator. In addition, the proposed system is of high energy potential as well as low carbon emission at affordable cost of electricity.

Techno-economic analysis of hybrid layered manufacturing

Subtractive manufacturing (CNC machining) has high quality of geometric and material properties but is slow, costly and infeasible in some cases; additive manufacturing Rapid Prototyping (RP) is just the opposite. Total automation and hence speed is achieved in RP by compromising on quality. Hybrid Layered Manufacturing (HLM) developed at IIT Bombay combines the best features of both these approaches. It uses arc welding for building near-net shapes which are finish machined to final dimensions. High speed of HLM surpasses all other processes for tool making by eliminating NC programming and rough machining. The techno-economic viability of HLM process has been proved through a real life case study. Time and cost of tool making using HLM promises to be substantially lower than that of CNC machining and other RP methods. Interestingly, the material cost in HLM was also found to be lower. Synchronisation of this two-step process offers a new accelerated way of building metal tools and dies. HLM can also be used as a cheaper retrofitment to any three or five axis CNC milling machine or machining centre.