Solvent Extraction Technique Research Articles

Synthesis of Poly (Butadiene –g–Styrene) Core-Shell Latex for Use in Cement Modifying

Polybutadiene–graft –polystyrene (PB-g -PS) latex with different ratios of polybutadiene to polystyrene were prepared via emulsion graft copolymerization method through grafting styrene onto polybutadiene latex using a redox initiator system. The PB macroradicals reacted with styrene to form graft copolymers. The effect of initiator concentration, reaction temperature, grafting monomer/polybutadiene weight ratios, and monomer dropping time on the conversion, grafting efficiency, degree of grafting, and mean particle diameter of graft copolymerization reaction were investigated. The grafting efficiency of PB-g-PS was determined by a solvent-extraction technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance technique were used to confirm structure of the synthesized copolymers. Transmission election micrographs verified that the synthesized latex particles had a core –shell structure, which can be incorporated into cement as modifier.

HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING OF NICKEL LATERITES- A BRIEF OVERVIEW ON THE USE OF SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND NICKEL/COBALT PROJECT FOR THE SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF NICKEL AND COBALT

In this study, a brief overview of the solvent extraction (SX) application for the separationand purification of nickel and cobalt in hydrometallurgical processing of laterite nickel ores ispresented. This paper consists of two parts: firstly, the SX of nickel and cobalt from sulphateleach solutions is described; and secondly, the development of hydrometallurgical plants forthe processing of laterite nickel ores that involve solvent extraction technique is discussed. Themost important extractants are shortly given in the first part of the study. It is seen that theextraction and separation of nickel and cobalt from the impure leach solution of laterite nickelores can be performed by either using a single extractant system that is called as a direct solventextraction (DSX) or a mixture of two or more extractant which is known as a synergistic solventextraction system (SSX). Mixed sulphide precipitation (MSP) and mixed hydroxide precipitation(MHP) processes are mentioned. This paper is also addressed advantage and disadvantages ofeach extraction system. It is shown that capital investment expenditure, operational investmentexpenditure and mineralogical content are the most important factors that can affect the selectionof the appropriate hydrometallurgical process for lateritic nickel ore.

Ultrasonic‐assisted solvent extraction of phenolic compounds from Opuntia ficus‐indica peel: Phytochemical identification and comparison with soxhlet extraction

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to optimize the ultrasonic‐assisted solvent extraction (UASE) variables and to identify the phytochemical compounds present in the prickly pear (Opuntia ficus‐indica) peel extract and the results are compared with the extract obtained using soxhlet extraction (SE) techniques. Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the UASE variables and the maximum TPC (5.95 mg GAE/g dW) and TFC (9.79 mg RUE/g dW) was obtained at 17 min of time, 40°C bath temperature and 1:24 g/mL solid–solvent ratio. The SEM analysis further shows that ultrasonic cavitation caused morphological changes, which accelerates the rate of extraction. The phytochemical analysis of UASE and soxhlet extracts revealed that the components which possess pharmacological activity are about 68.08% in UASE, whereas 61.72% in SE. In addition, components like phytol, azulene, andrographolide, serverogenin acetate, and stigmasterol, possess pharmacological properties that are notably present in UASE and are absent in SE.Practical ApplicationsThe present study identifies the presence of phytochemicals in the prickly pear (Opuntia ficus‐indica) peel extract obtained using ultrasonic‐assisted solvent extraction (UASE) and soxhlet extraction (SE) technique. The experiments' result shows that the components, which are responsible for antimicrobial activity, are higher in UASE extract compared to SE extract. The SEM analysis shows that ultrasonic cavitation caused morphological changes, which accelerates the rate of extraction and hence reduces the extraction time. The UASE technique is identified as a promising extraction technique for extraction of bioactive components with low solvent consumption. The UASE technique gives more pharmacological nature of components compared to soxhlet extraction (SE) technique. The present study reveals that the nature of the phytochemicals present in the extract strongly depends on the extraction method.

Determination of complex formation constants of neptunium(V) with propionate and lactate in 0.5–2.6 m NaCl solutions at 22–60°C using a solvent extraction technique

Abstract Natural clay rocks like Opalinus (OPA) and Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) clay rock are considered as potential host rocks for deep geological disposal of nuclear waste. However, small organic molecules such as propionate and lactate exist in clay rock pore water and might enhance Np mobility through a complexation process. Therefore, reliable complex formation data are required in the frame of the Safety Case for a nuclear waste repository. A solvent extraction technique was applied for the determination of NpO 2 + ${\rm{NpO}}_2^ + $ complexation with propionate and lactate. Extraction was conducted from isoamyl alcohol solution containing 10−3 M TTA and 5 · 10−4 M 1,10-phenanthroline. Experiments were performed in 0.5–2.6 m NaCl solutions at temperatures ranging from 22 to 60 °C. Formation of 1:1 Np(V) complexes for propionate and lactate was found under the studied conditions. The SIT approach was applied to calculate equilibrium constants β°(T) at zero ionic strength from the experimental data. Log β°(T) is found linearly correlated to 1/T for propionate and lactate, evidencing that heat capacity change is near 0. Molal reaction enthalpy and entropy ( Δ r H m ∘ ${\Delta _{\rm{r}}}H_{\rm{m}}^ \circ $ and Δ r S m ∘ ${\Delta _{\rm{r}}}S_{\rm{m}}^ \circ $ ) could therefore be derived from the integrated van’t Hoff equation. Data for log β° (298.15 K) are in agreement with literature values for propionate and lactate. Np(V) speciation was calculated for concentrations of acetate, propionate and lactate measured in clay pore waters of COx. In addition, the two site protolysis non-electrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange (2SPNE SC/CE) model was applied to quantitatively describe the influence of Np(V) complexation on its uptake on Na-illite, a relevant clay mineral of OPA and COx.

Fabrication of HPMC and Hibiscus esculentus (okra) gum based microspheres loaded with sulfasalazine and dexamethasone

The study was aimed to synthesize and characterize effective sustained release polymeric microspheres of sulfasalazine and dexamethasone by using okra gum and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The solvent extraction technique was used to synthesize sulfasalazine and dexamethasone loaded okra gum/HPMC microspheres. Pods of Hibiscus esculentus was used to extract okra gum. FTIR, DSC and SEM studies were performed. Kinetic modeling were applied on dissolution release data to evaluate release pattern of drugs from prepared formulations. No interaction was observed between drug and polymers by FTIR study. Molecular dispersion of sulfasalazine and dexamethasone was observed by DSC studies. SEM analysis showed acceptable morphology of microsphere. Dissolution studies showed that drug release was retarded up to 8 h when Okra gum and HPMC were used in combination but contrarily, HPMC and Okra gum showed early release of drug when both were used alone. Okra gum/HPMC microspheres of sulfasalazine and dexamethasone were prepared triumphantly by solvent evaporation method. Recovery, entrapment effectiveness hydration and drug loading of microspheres, influenced by the concentrations of Okra gum/HPMC.

A Small Green Red-Ox Carries a Bright Medical Future for Sub-Saharan Africa

Redox-related diseases are prevalent globally. Given the cost of allopathic medicines, “green preparations” are often relied on in economically developing countries. This review sought to identify medicinal plants of sub-Saharan Africa which have scientifically validated antioxidant properties, the compounds responsible for these properties, and to highlight the role of nanosizing of such plant materials in the medical future for the region. Eighteen plants (from 13 families) with reported antioxidant properties were identified. The Euphorbiaceae (3 plants) and Capparaceae (2 plants) were the most represented families. Most of the plants were reported to be used in folk medicine for the treatment of infections and inflammation, and water and methanol were the most widely used solvents for preparing the bioactive extracts. In vitro studies (13 cases) predominated. Forty-six different bioactive compounds were reported in the 18 plants identified. Catechin/epicatechin (13 plants), gallic acid (7 plants), caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and vitexin/isovitexin (5 plants each) were the most widely reported antioxidant phytochemicals. Given that synergism can occur to enhance the antioxidant activities of phytochemicals, nanosizing the plant leaves identified may open new vistas of opportunities in the development of redox active green pharmaceuticals. Given the abundance of antioxidant phenolics in the plants of sub-Saharan Africa, and the challenges of solvent extraction techniques (with respect to upscaling), nanosizing presents an eco-friendly means of sustainably exploiting these plant resources for medicinal purposes. Therefore, it appears that “a small green red-ox carries a bright medical future for sub-Saharan Africa.”

Optimization of the Solid-Liquid Extraction Process of Phenolic Compounds from Mulberry Fruit

The study was designed to examine the influence of solvent concentration (ethanol/water 20-80% by volume), extraction time (15-240 min) and extraction technique on the extraction yield of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity from Morus nigra L., Morus rubra L. and Morus alba L. fruits. The optimum conditions for the extraction of total phenols, flavonoids and monomeric anthocyanins by the maceration and ultrasonic extraction processes were: 213.6 min with 80% ethanol, and 182.1 min and 71.2% ethanol, respectively (black mulberry), and 216.5 min with 78.3% ethanol and 198.7 min and 70.6% ethanol, respectively (red mulberry). In case of white mulberry for the extraction of total phenols and flavonoids optimum extraction conditions (maceration and ultrasonic) were 232.7 min and 80% ethanol, and 187.2 min and 68.7% ethanol, respectively (white mulberry). Obviously, ultrasonic extraction was less time consuming, and it requires for all performed extractions solvent with less percentage of ethanol.
 
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 In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Potential In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activities from Piper Crocatum and Persea Americana Leaf Extracts

Piper crocatum and Persea americana Mill leaves are commonly used in traditional medicinal remedies, such as antidiabetes, antitumors and Alzheimer treatment. However, the extensive use of plant extracts over worldwide becomes significant concerns including its safety, efficacy, and quality. Therefore, the accurate scientific evaluation has become a precondition for acceptance of herbal health claims. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant activities of Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav and Persea americana Mill leaf extracts. Isolation of antioxidant fractions were conducted using organic solvent extraction techniques. Antioxidant assays were conducted by using in vitro and in vivo methods involving DPPH and MDA methods. In this study, in vitro assays of Persea americana Mill and Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav leaf extracts showed the best activity in water fraction. Moreover, in vivo assays of both plant leaf extracts showed the best dose at 8 mg. Persea americana Mill and Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav leaf extracts have been successfully determined in antioxidant actions in vitro and in vivo. Persea americana Mill in water and ethanol solvents exhibit strong antioxidant properties. Meanwile, Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav exhibit moderate activity in water and weak antioxidant activity in ethanol. Both plant leaves showed that 8 mg dose was better than the dose of 4 mg and 16 mg in vivo.

Selective Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Coal Fly Ash Leachates Using Liquid Membrane Processes.

Coal combustion residues and other geological waste materials have been proposed as a resource for rare earth elements (REEs, herein defined as the 14 stable lanthanides, yttrium, and scandium). The extraction of REEs from residues often generate acidified leachates that require highly selective separation methods to recover the REEs from other major soluble ions in the leachates. Here, we studied two liquid membrane processes (liquid emulsion membranes, LEM, and supported liquid membranes, SLM) and compared them to standard solvent extraction techniques for selective recovery and concentration of REEs from a leachate of coal fly ash. All separation methods involved an organic solution of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid dissolved in kerosene or mineral oil and an acid strippant solution of 5 M nitric acid for the liquid-based separations. The LEM configuration, which separated REEs by immersing an acid-in-oil emulsion in the ash leachate, resulted in similar recovery percentages of individual REEs as the conventional solvent extraction approach. The recovery of REEs in the SLM configuration, which involved the impregnation of the solvent in a hydrophobic membrane, was slower than the LEM process. However, the SLM process was notably more selective for the heavy (and higher value) REEs, while the conventional extraction and LEM processes were more selective for the light REEs. A flux-based model of the extraction processes suggested that recovery rates were limited by REE affinity for the solvent chelator in the SLM, while the rates of REEs separation via LEM were limited by diffusive mass transfer across the liquid membrane. Altogether, these results help to identify specific steps in the recovery process that future work should target in the development of scalable liquid membrane separations for REE recovery.

Unprecedented Inversion of Selectivity and Extraordinary Difference in the Complexation of Trivalent f Elements by Diastereomers of a Methylated Diglycolamide.

When considering f elements, solvent extraction is primarily used for the removal of lanthanides from ore and their recycling, as well as for the separation of actinides from used nuclear fuel. Understanding the complexation mechanism of metal ions with organic extractants, particularly the influence of their molecular structure on complex formation is of fundamental importance. Herein, we report an extraordinary (up to two orders of magnitude) change in the extraction efficiency of f elements with two diastereomers of dimethyl tetraoctyl diglycolamide (Me2 -TODGA), which only differ in the orientation of a single methyl group. Solvent extraction techniques, extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) based ab initio calculations were used to understand their complex structures and to explain their complexation mechanism. We show that the huge differences observed in extraction selectivity results from a small change in the complexation of nitrate counter-ions caused by the different orientation of one methyl group in the backbone of the extractant. The obtained results give a significant new insight into metal-ligand complexation mechanisms, which will promote the development of more efficient separation techniques.

Solvent Extraction Techniques of Lipid from Algal species in Wastewater Treatment Station

Biodiesel production process relies of various key steps one of which is the lipid extraction from microalgae cells using economic techniques. In this study, Algal community structure and physicochemical parameters of the wastewater ‎treatment plant (Beni-Suef, Egypt), are determined from March 2016 to February ‎‎2017. In this study, we focused on the lipid extracted from wild mixed culture of Chlorella sp. which is the dominant from December 2016 to February 2017. Lipid content and fatty acid profiling of Chlorella sp. are investigated using three different methods (1) conventional extraction (CE), (2) ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) and (3) microwave assisted solvothermal extraction (MASE). MASE showed the highest lipid yield of ‎37.9±0.13%. SEM micrographs showed that MASE had the most distributive effect for algae cells compared to UAE and CE. Six different solvents are tested for MASE technique namely hexane: isopropanol (3:2), hexane: ethanol (1:1), chloroform: methanol (1:1), diethyl ether, ethanol and methanol. A strong linear relation between the direct electric constant and yield percent is obtained with methanol showing the highest yield. The GC-analysis of extracted lipids shows that methanol resulted in the highest percentage of palmitic acid (45.5%). The chemical composition of extracted lipids shows ‎promise towards further conversion to biodiesel.‎

Counter-current separation of cobalt(II)–nickel(II) from aqueous sulphate media with a mixture of Primene JMT-Versatic 10 diluted in kerosene

ABSTRACTThis work claims the use of the mixture of Primene®JMT-Versatic 10 [HJMT+·Versatic−] IL diluted in Kerosene as an extractant for cobalt/nickel separation from sulphate media by solvent extraction technique, its application on a continuous counter-current device is possible because the presence of Primene®JMT in the organic phase allows us to maintain the pH of the equilibrated aqueous phase at an almost stable value. The solvent extraction of cobalt and nickel ions is studied as a function of the extractant concentration in the organic phase and the concentration of both metals. By constructing the McCabe–Thiele diagram, we found that four steps are necessary to separate the cobalt(II) from the nickel(II) in sulphate media. A simulated continuous counter-current experiment corroborated the McCabe–Thiele predictions, obtaining a raffinate containing 83% of the inlet nickel with a purity of 99.9%, working with an A:O ratio 1:2.

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Analysis of Some Oil Plants Found in Bihar, India: A Comparative Study

Today’s developmental world needs large amount of energy. Due to the limited fossil fuel source, there is need of some alternate fuel sources among which biodiesel from vegetable oil widely practiced. There is an increasing interest in India to search for suitable low cost alternative fuels that are Eco friendly. Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable and non toxic fuel. In this paper an attempt has been made to study and compare the oil percentage and Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) components of three non edible oil seed plants abundantly found in Bihar, India.
 Oil from the seed kernel was extracted by solvent extraction technique through Soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane as solvent. Percentage oil content for Jetropha, Mahua and Castor are found around 76 %, 41% and 33% respectively. Further extracted oil were analysed by GC-MS for their FAME components. Palmitic, linoleic, oleic are most common fatty acid found among three.

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF BLACK PLUM SEED (SYZYGIUM CUMINI) EXTRACT IN HEXANE

Objective: Black plum seed has unique medicinal value and used as antidiabetics, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. 
 Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the extracts of black plum seed obtained using solvent extraction with hexane as a solvent is used to attempt the identification of prominent components.
 Results: Black plum seed extract is obtained by solvent extraction technique using Soxhlet extractor. A total of 10 compounds are predicted in black plum seed extract by GC-MS analysis.
 Conclusion: The work presented relates to the study of GC-MS analysis of the extract of black plum seed obtained using solvent extraction with hexane as a solvent. Of ten compounds of black plum seed extract, five compounds are known to have antimicrobial properties.

Assessment of the binder blending in bituminous mixtures based on the development of an innovative sustainable infrared imaging methodology

Reclaimed Asphalt (RA) is more and more used in the road recycling industry because it allows reducing the consumption in non-renewable raw materials such as virgin bitumen which comes from the petroleum distillation. As bitumen is oxidation-sensitive, some technical issues are however raised about the mix design and the binder blending between the aged and virgin binders. Particularly, the question lies on the ability of the virgin binder to mix with the RA aged binder to form a homogeneous product in defined manufacturing conditions. To answer this question, most of road studies extract with a chlorinated solvent the total bituminous binder from the asphalt mixture to characterize then oxidation or rheological properties. However, this solvent extraction technique is based on a complete binder dissolution which may alter physicochemical properties of the mixture. The objective is also to develop a solvent-free and non-destructive methodology to in situ assess the binder blending in manufactured mixtures. Using infrared imaging ATR microscopy, homogeneity is defined from spatial distributions in carbonyl functions and the methodology is developed on modeled binder mixtures. The influence of the aged binder temperature and mixing time is then investigated on the binder blending. Results show that high and close temperatures between binders are necessary but not sufficient to obtain a homogeneous mixture whereas a longer mixing time improves the binder blending. The developed chemomap methodology also allows demonstrating the influence of manufacturing process parameters on the binder blending in road asphalt mixtures. At the binder scale, the present work constitutes an interesting, rapid and economical approach to optimize the manufacturing parameters of the asphalt mixture design. The innovative infrared imaging methodology also opens perspectives to gain a better knowledge about molecular distributions and homogeneity of any hydrocarbon mixture which constitutes an essential criterion for the performance of more sustainable materials.

Comparative studies on extraction methods of betalain content and antioxidant activity of biocolorant obtained from Celosia cristata L. flowers

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of conventional solvent (CSE), microwave assisted (MAE)and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) techniques on the pigment yield, betalain content, total phenolic content and in-vitro antioxidant activity of biocolorant extracted from inflorescence of Celosia cristata. The best extraction method was achieved with MAE at t = 45 seconds that gave maximum values for betalain content (167.9±0.24 mg/kg), total phenolic content (TPC) = 46.84±0.26 mg GAE/gm and antioxidant activity, 79.26±0.35%. For MAE45S, the total extract yield (TEY) achieved was 34.06 ± 0.08%. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts revealed that MAE exhibited greater antioxidant activities compared to CSE and UAE. FTIR analysis of the extracts confirmed the presence of betalains by identifying the major functional groups. The study suggests, MAE as a promising alternative for extraction of coloured pigment from C. cristata flowers as it reduces extraction time and increases extraction yields of betalain and other phenolic compounds, thereby increasing anti-oxidant properties of the extracts.

Simultaneous extraction and fractionation of omega-3 acylglycerols and glycolipids from wet microalgal biomass of Nannochloropsis gaditana using pressurized liquids

Microalgae are primary producers of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids in marine environment and so they are considered promising alternative sources of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Nannochloropsis gaditana is an oleaginous cultivated microalga with an important content of triglycerides and polar lipids which include interesting EPA amounts. In this work, new methods using pressurized liquids for simultaneous extraction and fractionation of neutral and polar lipids from wet microalgal biomass are proposed. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) using different solvents, combined or not with pre-treatment of the alga with enzymes, allows one to enrich and fractionate neutral and polar lipids such as triacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, free fatty acids and glycolipids. The use of enzymatic pre-treatment did not show a significant increase in the lipid yield, though a different fractionation of the microalgal lipids was achieved. PLE with a single solvent (hexane at 120 °C) rendered a lipid yield of 17.6%, slightly higher than the traditional Folch method (16.9%), but with a less-toxic solvent and faster extraction technique. In addition, PLE with hexane attained a high triacylglycerols fraction (17.2% ± 3.0). The optimal four-step sequential method developed using pressurized liquids reached a good fractionation characterized by a high content of glycolipids (29.2% ± 2.0) and monoacylglycerols (17.3% ± 1.9), with a lipid recovery of 14.0% ± 1.3 for the original biomass. The analysis by GC/MS of fractions obtained with each method and solvent combination, showed a different composition in fatty acids of fractionated neutral and polar lipid species, especially in saturated and omega-3 fatty acids. Therefore, the proposed fast PLE methods allow the simultaneous extraction and fractionation of the neutral and polar lipids of Nannochloropsis gaditana and produce enriched EPA fractions (up to 53%).

A compact solvent extraction based 99Mo/99mTc generator for hospital radiopharmacy

A compact and portable 99Mo-99 mTc generator based on solvent-extraction, mimic to the conventional 99Mo-99 mTc alumina column generator is much-needed commodity for use in hospital radiopharmacy setup. The present study includes the development of a portable, simple and low cost 99Mo/99 mTc-generator based on MEK solvent extraction technique to obtain a very high concentration of no-carrier added (nca) 99 mTc solution, where low specific activity 99Mo source is obtained through 98Mo(n, γ)99Mo reaction in a research reactor. The unit is intended for operation under the conditions of medical radiological laboratories. Technical trials showed that the mean time of preparation of sodium [99mTc] pertechnetate radiopharmaceutical did not exceed 15 min. The quality and yield of 99 mTc-pertechnetate is upto the mark for formulation of radiopharmaceuticals.

Enhanced extraction of hydroxytyrosol, maslinic acid and oleanolic acid from olive pomace: Process parameters, kinetics and thermodynamics, and greenness assessment.

Three techniques of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and solvent extraction (SE) were used for enhancing the hydroxytyrosol (HT), maslinic acid (MA) and oleanolic acid (OA) extraction from olive pomace, being evaluated and compared through process parameters, kinetics and thermodynamics, plus greenness assessment analysis. Results showed that UAE yielded the maximum compounds due to a strong cavitation effect and the strongest mass and heat transfer efficiency involving the kinetic constants (h, Ce and K) and thermodynamic parameters (△H, △S and △G). Additionally, the optimal extraction conditions were acquired: ethanol concentration of 90%, extraction temperature of 50 °C, extraction time of 5 min, liquid to solid ratio of 30 mL/g, ultrasound intensity of 135.6 W/cm2, and ultrasound frequency of 60 kHz. UAE was confirmed as an effective and greener technique with the lowest E factor, energy consumption and carbon emission during the extraction process of bioactive compounds from olive pomace.

The recovery of rare earth metals from WEEE leaching solution via liquid-liquid extraction

<p>The recovery of rare earth metals (REMs) from end-of-life products, such as Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), is drawing great attention as an attractive strategy for promoting the sustainable development. The hydrometallurgical technique of solvent extraction has been reported to be one of the most interesting method to recover REMs. However, when applied to WEEE, this process is challenged by the heterogeneous composition of electronic waste, completely different from other solid matrices, and it still has much rooms of improvements. This study investigated the extraction, stripping and recovery of REMs from a WEEE leaching solution using Versatic 10 as carrier in the organic phase and oxalic acid as stripping agent. A factorial design was carried out to evaluate the simultaneous effects of factors as the feed phase pH and the concentrations of both extractant and organic phase modifier in the extraction process. Cerium, lanthanum and yttrium were extracted at high percentages using 200 mM of Versatic 10, loaded by 100 mM of TBP in kerosene at pH 7. Moreover, 750 mM of oxalic acid successfully stripped and recovered 7.63 and 13.82 mg/kg of lanthanum and yttrium, respectively.</p>