Pollution Control Techniques Research Articles

Using synchrotron based ATR-FTIR, EXAFS, and XRF to characterize the chemical compositions of TSP in industrial estate area

In Thailand, the Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate (MTPIE), a prominent industrial hub, has substantial environmental and health issues caused by industrial pollution. This study uses advanced synchrotron-based techniques, such as Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), to fully examine the chemical make-up of total suspended particulate (TSP) in the given area. Notable findings include the detection of remarkably high enrichment factors for magnesium and sulfur, indicating the presence of industrial operations. Additionally, we found that magnetite, which accounts for an average of 40 % of the total iron oxides in the samples, is the main iron oxide. The study also highlights about how calcium carbonate and different organic functional groups are found in large amounts, which shows that industrial emissions and natural sources are connected in a complex way. The findings underscore the susceptibility of children to TSP exposure, revealing increased rates of inhalation and significant health hazards. In order to safeguard public health in industrial areas such as MTPIE, it is imperative to implement more sophisticated pollution control techniques and maintain ongoing environmental monitoring.

Perspectives on Advancing Multimodal Learning in Environmental Science and Engineering Studies.

The environment faces increasing anthropogenic impacts, resulting in a rapid increase in environmental issues that undermine the natural capital essential for human wellbeing. These issues are complex and often influenced by various factors represented by data with different modalities. While machine learning (ML) provides data-driven tools for addressing the environmental issues, the current ML models in environmental science and engineering (ES&E) often neglect the utilization of multimodal data. With the advancement in deep learning, multimodal learning (MML) holds promise for comprehensive descriptions of the environmental issues by harnessing data from diverse modalities. This advancement has the potential to significantly elevate the accuracy and robustness of prediction models in ES&E studies, providing enhanced solutions for various environmental modeling tasks. This perspective summarizes MML methodologies and proposes potential applications of MML models in ES&E studies, including environmental quality assessment, prediction of chemical hazards, and optimization of pollution control techniques. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with implementing MML in ES&E and propose future research directions in this domain.

Computational analysis of ternary nanofluid flow in a microchannel with nonuniform heat source/sink and waste discharge concentration

The investigation of waste discharge concentration with microchannel plays a significant impact on environmental applications. Microchannels are utilized in treatment facilities for wastewater to manage the concentration of pollutants and impurities. Effective waste treatment and pollution control techniques may be created by investigating waste material’s fluid flow and dispersion in microchannels. In view of the above applications, the present investigation examines the electrically conducting and incompressible ternary hybrid nanofluid movement in a microchannel with a nonuniform heat source/sink and waste discharge concentration. The governing equations are converted into a system of ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity constraints, and the resulting equations are numerically solved using the RKF-45 (Runge Kutta Fehlberg 4th and 5th) method. The effects of different nondimensional limitations are visually displayed and thoroughly explored on flow patterns, heat distribution, and concentration profiles. The analysis is done on important engineering variables such as skin friction, heat transfer rate, and mass transfer. Magnetic and porous media shape factors directly influenced the velocity and temperature profiles. These two factors will decline the velocity and improve the temperature. Further, the improvement in local and external pollutant concentration will improve the concentration of the fluid. The rate of mass transfer improves with increasing the local external source constraint. The present work outcomes are helpful in heat exchangers, pollution control, microfluidic chip devices, wastewater treatment, and energy conversion.

Spatial–Temporal Evolution of the Coupling Coordination Degree between Water and Land Resources Matching and Cultivated Land Use Eco-Efficiency: A Case Study of the Major Grain-Producing Areas in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

Improving the coupling coordination degree between water and land resources matching (WLRM) and cultivated land use eco-efficiency (CLUE) is crucial to ensuring national food security and constructing an ecological civilization. This study is based on the data of 71 prefecture-level cities in the major grain-producing areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2008 to 2020. The unit area water resource method, the slacks-based measurement (SBM)-undesirable, the Theil–Sen median analysis, the Mann–Kendall trend test, the coupling coordination degree model, and the spatial autocorrelation model are adopted to measure and analyze the WLRM, the CLUE, and the coupling and coordination level, and their spatial–temporal evolution characteristics quantitatively. Results show the following: (1) From 2008 to 2020, the average value of WLRM in the study areas is 18,200 m3/hm2, which is at a medium level, and the provinces show the characteristics of “high in the south and low in the north, with decreasing gradients”. (2) The annual average of CLUE is 0.777, which is in the medium level, and each province has the remarkable characteristics of “one high and four low”. (3) The coupling coordination degree of WLRM and CLUE is in the primary coordination level, which shows a significant positive correlation in space. In the local perspective, it shows the agglomeration characteristics of “high in the south and low in the north, nodule distribution”. In the future, the neighboring prefecture-level cities should actively build a synergistic mechanism for agricultural development, strengthen the reasonable use of water and land resources and pollution control techniques, drive the transformation of low–low aggregation areas to high–high aggregation areas, and improve the overall coordination of the study areas. This approach aims to promote the construction of ecological civilization and guarantee grain security and sustainable development of agriculture in China.

The Use of Drop-Structures to Increase the Dissolved Oxygen Level along the Cibarani Channel

The Cikapundung river basin community uses the Cibarani channel as a drainage system and water source for fishing. However, the test result released on 9th November 2020 revealed that the channel’s water quality failed to reach the class II raw water standards due to various domestic waste discharges. This led to the performance of various studies to identify pollution control techniques by limiting the wastewater discharge and quality, controlling the intake discharge, and using baffles. The Cibarani channel has a drop-structure that can improve the water quality, though the effect has not been previously detailed. Therefore, this study was intended to comprehensively examine the effect of the drop-structure along the Cibarani channel to improve water quality conditions, specifically the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) parameter. This study employed the one-dimensional HEC-RAS software to simulate the hydrodynamic and water quality conditions along the Cibarani channel, and the drop-structure was modelled using two alternatives consisting of a vertical wall and a steep riverbed. Subsequently, the drop-structure fitted with a vertical wall gave a more plausible reaeration rate of 125 day-1 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of 0.50. The placement of a similar configuration before the first housing of the channel increased the DO concentrations by an average of 4.37 mg/L. This was followed by the modelling of another drop-structure after the first housing to increase the DO levels at the downstream part. Eventually, the combination of the two new drop-structures succeeded in increasing the DO concentrations along the Cibarani channel to 3.3 - 6.9 mg/L.

Cover Picture

We developed novel photocatalytic and electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation strategies to utilize renewable energy and to reduce the carbon emission during the synthesis of ammonia, an essential agricultural fertilizer and industrial ingredient. Meanwhile, to handle with the waste and pollutants produced, we explored the iron‐chemistry‐based pollution control techniques for the cleaner environment. Both processes contribute to the goal of sustainable globe. More details are discussed in the article by Zhang et al. on page 3199—3210.image

Biosorption of dye by immobilized yeast cells on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles

Bioremediation has been considered as an efficient environmental pollution control technique. It relies on microbial cells like yeasts which are unicellular organisms that are widely used due to their availability, easily cultured, economical, and eco-friendly. The immobilization of living cells on the magnetic nanoparticles surface is a novel technique to obtain nanobiocatalyst. In this work, yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were immobilized on the surface of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as a biosorbent to remove methyl orange (M.O) dye from aqueous solution in a batch system through biosorption mechanism. MNPs were characterized using XRD and SEM. FTIR was used to characterize the biosorbent before and after biosorption. The experiments were carried out using various factors such as contact time, pH, M.O concentration, biosorbent dosage, and temperature. The results indicated that significant removal efficiency of 96.52 % was obtained at the optimum conditions of pH 6.5, 50 mg/l M.O initial concentration, 1.5 g/l biosorbent dosage, 110 rpm shaker, and 35 °C temperature. Adsorption isotherm studies illustrated that the data of biosorption of M.O dye from aqueous solution followed the Freundlich model with a correlation coefficient of R2 > 0.99. The values of biosorption thermodynamic parameters were estimated and the results showed that the biosorption mechanism of M.O dye was exothermic due to the negative value of ΔHo (-7.8737 KJ/mol), and spontaneous due to the negative values of ΔGo (−5108.22, −6286.16, −7475.21) at various temperatures. Moreover, the positive value of ΔSo (28.47 J/mol) pointed out to an increment in randomness at the interface of the aqueous solution-biosorbent.

Adaptive monitoring approach to assess dissolved organic matter dynamics during rainfall events.

Rainfall events induce water quality transformation in river systems influenced by the watershed land use and hydrology dynamics. In this context, an adaptive monitoring approach (AMA) is used to assess non-point sources (NPS) of pollution events, through dissolved organic matter (DOM) contribution. The case study is a monitoring site in a semi-urban watershed characterized by NPS contribution. An integrated quali-quantitative method for DOM based on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, spectroscopic techniques of excitation-emission fluorescence (EEF), and UV-visible absorbance is proposed. The results indicate a mix of allochthonous and autochthonous DOM characteristics from NPS sources associated to vegetation area influence (A285/DOC of 15.43 L (g cm)-1 and SUVA254 of 2.11 L (mg m)-1). The EEF signals showed more humic-like than protein-like characteristics with peaks A and C (approximately 5.72 r.u.) more intense than peaks B, T1, and T2 (approximately 4.33 r.u.), indicating NPS from the soil leachate. The absorbance ratio values indicate a mix of organic compounds with greater proportion of refractory characteristics with high aromaticity and molecular weight (approximately A300/A400 of 4.15 and A250/A365 of 4.48), associated with the surface wash-off of accumulated residual and subsurface soil erosion, which contribute to complex organic matter structures. The fluorescence indexes, overall, indicated allochthonous sources with intermediate humic characteristics (FI ≈ 1.43, BIX ≈ 0.65, and HIX ≈ 7.98). The proposed integrated optical property strategy represents an opportunity for better understanding of DOM dynamic assessment for identifying potential mitigation techniques for organic pollution control and improving water quality conditions.

Research on Advanced Available Techniques of Air pollution Prevention and Control in Building Ceramics Industry in China

The flue gas emission of the building ceramics industry accounts for 85% of the whole ceramic industry in China, and it is the critical sector of air pollution control in the ceramic industry. The advanced available techniques (AAT) of air pollution prevention and control are of considerable significance to promote the upgrade of pollution prevention measures and technological progress. The paper studied and established the method of screening and evaluating the AAT for the prevention and control of air pollution in the building ceramics industry. Through collection and analysis of three normal pollutant emission concentrations of ten available techniques (AT), to select the AAT that meet at least one pollutant of all the plants was lower than 50% of the national standard emission concentration threshold in China. Based on the experience of the European Union and the comprehensive evaluation of industry associations, research institutions, and pollution control experts, five AAT were selected. The findings will provide an essential reference for the building ceramics industry to select advanced techniques, and provide significant technical support for the revision of the ceramic industrial pollutant emission standard for and selection of pollution prevention and control techniques (PPT and PCT) for pollutant discharge permission management.

Integrating anodic membrane diffusion/biodegradation with UV photolysis, Adsorptive oxidation by activation of peroxymonosulfate over activated carbon fiber based photo cathode in one reactor system for removing toluene gas

Abstract Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) air pollutants adversely affected human health and air quality. A novel reactor is designed by a bio-anode chamber with a PVDF/CFC diffusion membrane module and a catalytic air cathode chamber with persulfate and activated carbon fiber (ACF) based photocathode. Peroxysulfate is activated to generate oxidizing species that promote toluene removal and oxidation together with UV photolysis and photo-electrochemical catalysis. This new reactor as air pollution control technique is able to continuously remove toluene gas from an air stream that sequentially flows through firstly the cathode chamber where UV photolysis, photo-electrochemical (PEC) oxidation are integrated with activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), then flows through the bio-anode chamber where adsorption/diffusion and biodegradation take place in microbial fuel cell (MFC). This integrated system exhibits high efficiency in toluene removal (∼95 %, ∼100 ppm toluene) with stable power output (cell voltage: 0.40 V) under UV light illumination. In addition, the existence of reactive species such as OH, O2− and SO4- radicals are confirmed by EPR tests. The results show that both ·OH and SO4- are involved in the toluene oxidative degradation with the addition of PMS, where SO4- plays a predominant role, indicating that combination of photolysis, cathodic adsorption/oxidation with anodic adsorption/diffusion and biodegradation provides a promising way for VOCs removal and simultaneous electricity generation at room temperature.

Prototype Alat Olah Limbah Sistem Semi Batch Untuk Pengolahan Limbah Cair Laboratorium Kimia

Chemical laboratory liquid waste Environmental Pollution Control Techniques Cilacap State Polytechnic is liquid waste originating from practical or research activities of lecturers / students. Most of the waste contains organic and inorganic substances that are harmful to the environment. In the initial analysis the results of the wastewater content were in the form of lead ˂0.251 mg / L, Hardness 213.33 mg / L, TDS 4690 ppm, and pH 1.6. One parameter that needs to be addressed is TDS because dissolved solids can affect the O2 levels contained in the waters. In this research, a prototype of a waste processing tool was used to process the waste. In this research the method used is the process of coagulation, electrocoagulation and sedimentation in batch with a variation of residence time which affects the product. In addition, the filtration and adsorption process uses a continuous system, so that overall the tool uses a semi-batch system. In this study the chemicals used for processing were CaCO3 and citric acid. Then the adsorbent used is zeolite and activated charcoal as absorbent of dissolved solids. This waste treatment tool is considered quite effective in reducing TDS with a final result of 2950 ppm.

Historical Development of Environmental Management Tools and Techniques: A Review Paper on Its Driving Forces

Industrial development since the past period has caused serious impacts on the natural environments. This paper, therefore, explores and discusses the various pollution control techniques employed by firms. The paper therefore, has a theoretical and analytical part. The theoretical section provides background concepts on environmental management tools. The analytical part contains case studies that denote the prospect and consequences of the approach. The various approach employed to manage industrial impacts on environments were usually grouped into passive, reactive, and proactive strategies. The initial approach had less care for environments in which industries made a profit at the cost of environments. The reactive approach is defensive and practiced to handle waste after it is generated, which is an end-of-pipe approach and waste recycling technology. Firms used them to fulfill compliance and environmental regulation criteria. Recently, cleaner production, which is a proactive approach is emerged due to the existence of pressures from regulatory bodies, stakeholders, cost factors, and competitive advantages. It helps to reduce wastes at the source by minimizing the volume of by-products and the amount of energy and raw materials used. From the existed approaches, cleaner technology is more advantageous than others for environmental and economic reasons.

Removal of phosphate by aluminum-modified clay in a heavily polluted lake, Southwest China: Effectiveness and ecological risks

Lake eutrophication is a main water environmental problem. When the extraneous nutrients are effectively controlled, nutrients in water mainly source from endogenous release from the sediment. In situ passivation is an important pollution control technique for endogenous pollution in lakes or reservoirs. This study focused on Qianling Lake, a cascade-channel lake in Southwest China polluted by phosphorus (P), which was selected for an in situ passivation project using a novel Al-based passivator on the polluted water area. Accordingly, the release of endogenous nutrients from the sediment can be controlled to remediate the polluted water, and the remediation effect and ecological risk of the passivation were evaluated. The results showed that after 12 months of passivation, the release of P from the sediments can be effectively inhibited. Concentrations of total P (TP) and Chl-a within water of the passivation area were reduced by approximately 80% and 70%. Meanwhile, water transparency and the content of dissolved oxygen were remarkably enhanced. The application of the passivator remarkably improved the water quality. P in water and at the sediment-water interface was fixed on the surface of sediment in the form of Al-combined state. This passivator exhibits favorable P-controlling performance in the restoration of lakes and reservoirs polluted by endogenous P. This aluminum-modified clay is an effective passivator for remediation of internal P pollution in potentially similar lakes and reservoirs.

A self-gating proton-coupled electron transfer reduction of hexavalent chromium by core-shell SBA-Dithiocarbamate chitosan composite

We have proposed a novel strategy for the reduction plus adsorption process for hexavalent chromium elimination by thiol functional hybrid materials through a self-gating process. Namely, we exploit that coating dithiocarbamate chitosan at the surface of SBA-15 affords a core-shell composite that undergoes reversible shape transformations while thiol functional groups acted as proton-coupled electron donor for [Cr2O7]2−. The reduction of [Cr2O7]2− to Cr3+ was highly efficient and exceptionally rapid, occurred within 5 min with the reduction amount of 899.66 mg of [Cr2O7]2− / 1 g of nanocomposite as a record high value. During the reduction of [Cr2O7]2−, thiol functional groups (-SH) were oxidized into disulfide linkages (SS), and simultaneously chitosan matrix turned into shrunken structure because of the consuming of protons, preventing any release of Cr3+. Disulfides can also be reversely reduced to thiols by thiosulphates (S2O32−), which was attractive for regeneration and recyclability of the nanocomposite. Moreover, the [Cr2O7]2− elimination through self-gating process was highly selective against a huge concentration of background electrolytes. This alternative strategy ensures the outstanding and stable performance in applied fields, and could be conducted in various pollution control techniques like permeable reactive barriers.

Research progress on the removal of hazardous perfluorochemicals: A review

Perfluorinated substances are global and ubiquitous pollutants. The persistent organic pollution of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) have drawn attentions worldwide. In view of the current need for sustainable development, many researchers began to study the remediation techniques for PFCs. Due to its unique hydrophobic and oil-phobic characteristics, the requirements for the PFCs removal process are different, so that their remediation techniques are still under continuous exploration. Hence, this review summarized the removal behaviors of various PFCs on different materials which supply a good foundation for future investigations in this field. It is evident from previous literature that every remediation techniques for PFCs has its own advantages. Among various currently evaluated removal methods, adsorption seems to be one of the most commonly used and recognized techniques for PFCs pollution control. Other innovative and promising techniques, such as physical and/or chemical methods, have also been tested for their effectiveness in removing perfluorinated compounds.

Noise Pollution and Waste Control Techniques in Building Construction in Nigeria: A Literature Review

The activities of the construction industry are often plagued with improper material control and operational measures that result in the production of noise and generation of waste in project sites. Waste and noise are generated in every step of the construction process, from the production of materials used, to the erection and finishing of structures. In this age of incorporating sustainability into the development of buildings and their environments, there is a need for the construction industry to substantially reduce the amount of noise and waste produced. This paper investigated various noise pollution and waste control techniques used in the construction industry in Nigeria, with a view to identify areas for further improvement. The paper is a systematic literature review which made use of document analysis to collect data and content analysis to analyse the data gathered. Descriptive approach was used to present the result. The paper examined the current state of waste and noise management and the recommendations provided. The study found that in Nigeria, the noise control technique employed is the use of noise barriers, while the waste control management strategies used are prefabricated elements, sorting waste generated, open dumping, open burning and composting disposal method. Some of the recommendations made include: discarding open dumping and open burning as waste control measures due to their negative environmental impact, developing and enforcing a legal framework for noise and construction waste. Furthermore, educating site workers on noise and waste control techniques and replacing machines that use combustion engines with those that use electrical motors. Students, educators, building industry practitioners and other construction industry stakeholders will find the study a useful material to work with, as well as build upon.

Assessment of Ambient Air Quality at Joda Iron Ore Mines, Jharkhand (India)

Opencast mining is the major source of air pollution in respect of fines and dust. Maintenance of energy demand, opencast mining is required at a phenomenal rate. The natural resources like land, water, air are heavily affected by exploration, excavation and mineral processes. The use of explosives creates airborne pressure variations (air blast). Particulate matter (Dust) of various sizes, gas is the major air pollutant from mining. The study aimed to assess the impact of mining and mining processes on ambient air quality in Joda iron ore mines, which comes under OMQ Noamundi, TATA Steel Ltd., West Singhbhum, and Jharkhand covering an area of 6.708 sq. km. It is a mechanized open cast mine, and its production capacity is 6.00 million tons per annum. Samples were collected from four sampling points by residential and sensitive zone to analyse the PM10, PM2.5, SPM, SO2, and NOX on 24 hourly bases twice in a week. The concentration of PM10, PM2.5, SPM, SO2 and NOX varies between 59.0-27.0 μg/m3, 39.0-9.5 μg/m3, 183-109 μg/m3, 9.9-8.0 μg/m3 and 10.2-8.2 μg/m3 respectively. Due to the presence of pollution control equipment and techniques as sprinklers, dry fog system, and dust extractor, etc., air pollutants are within the permissible limit of National Ambient Air quality standards (2009). Dust was the single largest air pollutant observed in the study area.

Principle and techniques for fluoride pollution control in drinking water

Long-term natural geochemical processes result in wide occurrence of fluoride contamination in underground water and fluoride exposure via drinking water for over 500 million people glo-bally. The control of fluoride pollution and fluorosis is one of the most important issues for drinking water safety. In the past several decades, many initiatives failed in defluoridation of water. Better understanding of fluoride occurrence mechanisms in underground water chemistry and the prediction of high-risk areas by geographic information and remote sensing are of crucial importance to minimize fluorosis occurrence. The use of alternative source water or blending should be considered as priority option. Much efforts should be devoted to the fundamental studies on defluoridation reagents and innovative materials, and to the development of highly-efficient, economic, easy-to-handle and stable technologies and integrated instruments. Furthermore, the design, construction, operation, and supervision of defluoridation facilities should be carefully evaluated and strengthened to achieve stable benefits as much as possible.

Municipal Solid Waste Incineration in France: An Overview of Air Pollution Control Techniques, Emissions, and Energy Efficiency

SummaryIn France, municipal solid waste (MSW) is primarily incinerated. This study aims at providing a complete, up‐to‐date, description of French MSW incineration regarding its technological, environmental, and energy features, in a context where these features are decisive for robust life cycle assessments (LCAs) to be performed. Data relative to, respectively, air pollution control (APC) techniques, consumption of reagents, air emissions and energy consumption and recovery were collected with respect to 90 French MSW incineration plants, considering the period 2012–2015. The compiled data set is representative for approximately 73% of the total mass of MSW annually incinerated in France (10.65 million tonnes of MSW in 2012). The analysis of the collected data first enables to determine the most used APC techniques in the French MSW incineration sector, respectively distinguishing “dedusting + acid gas treatment” and “DeNOx + abatement of dioxins.” Moreover, the statistical parameters that characterize the consumption of reagents in the French MSW incineration sector are provided as a function of APC techniques. Furthermore, regarding eight pollutants usually considered (at least partly) “process specific” in the LCA of MSW incineration (NOx, dust, dioxins, NH3, CO, volatile organic compounds, HCl, and SOx), this study discusses the significance—in a statistical point of view—of differences in incineration air emission factors from one APC technique to the other. Finally, average energy consumption and energy recovery efficiency of the French MSW incineration sector are provided and discussed.

Dust pollution control on construction sites: Awareness and self-responsibility of managers

Dust pollution is a slow-onset process with damaging consequences. While past research mainly deals with the sources of dust, health implications and control measures, very little has been done to investigate the behaviour of those who are responsible for its management. The Norm Activation Model is employed in this study to examine the awareness of consequences and self-responsibility of managers with regard to dust pollution control on construction sites. Managers' own experiences with dust outbreaks, type and size of the company and its commitment to dust pollution control are found to positively moderate the awareness of consequences of managers. Perception of dust pollution as a trivial and isolated event which leads to discomfort was found to have negative moderating effects on the responsibility for control. The view that dust pollution control is less important compared to other activities is also found to have a negative moderating effect. Water suppression emerged as the main dust control method employed by majority of contractors. Managers' self-responsibility is severely affected by the use of water as the main method of suppression because wastage of water is deemed to be environmentally damaging. In order to influence the behaviour of managers, construction companies should demonstrate a genuine commitment to dust control; recognize dust pollution control in environmental management plans and project management plans; implement regular monitoring; reduce over-reliance on water suppression; and use innovative dust pollution control techniques. Managers should alter their perception of dust pollution as a ‘condition’ that need monitoring and control.