Minimization Technique Research Articles

On the Schrödinger–Bopp–Podolsky system: Ground state and least energy nodal solutions with nonsmooth nonlinearity

In this paper, we investigate a new class of Schrödinger–Bopp–Podolsky systems. Using minimization techniques and the concept of generalized subdifferentials, we establish the existence of a ground state solution with a fixed sign as well as a least energy nodal solution for the system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the energy of the nodal solution is precisely twice that of the ground state solution.

Expert perspectives for transoral robotic versus laser surgery for supraglottic carcinomas.

To assess the opinion, practices, and challenges of international key opinion leaders about two minimal invasive surgical techniques in supraglottic laryngeal tumours: transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) and the transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Design of a questionnaire composed of seven sections and fifty questions covering descriptive data of participants, practitioners experience procedural sequences, considerations related to airways, feeding, and voice, intraoperative haemorrhage, postoperative management, and a comparative analysis of TLM and TORS in treating supraglottic laryngeal cancer. A total of 27 head and neck surgeons replied to the survey. The experts had an average experience in laryngeal surgery of 20.0 ± 9.4years, ranging from 5 to 36years. We noted a significantly shorter installation time in TLM compared to TORS (19% of experts estimated the installation time of over 20min with TLM vs 44% with TORS; p = 0.02). According to complications, the experts considered that bleeding was the major concern with supraglottic laryngeal surgery, especially intraoperative bleeding in TLM (52% in TLM vs 26% in TORS) (p = 0.09) and postoperative bleeding in TORS (56% in TORS vs 44% in TLM). The experts did not identify a clear superiority of one technology (TLM) over the other (TORS). The two techniques seemed equivalent to the experts, except for the control of intraoperative haemostasis and visualisation of the surgical field, where TORS was perceived as superior to TLM.

Multi-objective optimization for active IRS-aided multi-group multicast systems with energy harvesting, integrated sensing and communication

In this paper, we utilize an active intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) to assist wireless systems with multiple functionalities, including multi-group (MG) multicast (MC) transmission, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) and wireless energy harvesting. Specifically, a multi-antenna base station (BS) simultaneously transmits communication signals to MG MC users and sensing signals towards targets, while other users can harvest energy from the received radio frequency signals. We formulate the joint design of the BS transmit precoders (TPs) and the IRS reflection coefficients (RCs) as multi-objective optimization problems (MOOPs) in which the objective functions of the sum rate maximization (SRM) and sum harvested energy maximization (SHEM) are considered under the constraints of transmit power at the BS, amplitude and power amplifications at the active IRS, minimum achievable rate of communication users (CUs), minimum harvested energy of energy harvesting users (EHUs), and beamforming pattern similarity for sensing. To tackle the nonconvexity characteristics of the formulated design problems, we leverage alternating optimization (AO) frameworks to decompose the original problems into subproblems. In the subproblems, we seek appropriate surrogate functions by following majorization–minimization (MaMi) techniques to convert the subproblems into convex ones. Then, iterative algorithms are developed to obtain the optimal BS TPs and IRS RCs. The numerical simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The numerical results also reveal useful insights in the tradeoffs between the performance metrics and demonstrate the superior performance of systems with an active IRS in comparison with those without an IRS or with a passive IRS.

MINIMAL INCISION AND PULL THROUGH HYDROCELECTOMY- A NEWER SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PRIMARY VAGINAL HYDROCELE

Introduction: Idiopathic hydroceles are the most common cause of scrotal swellings Although benign large idiopathic hydroceles can become symptomatic and affect quality of life. Various open surgical methods have been described such as The Jaboulay Procedure. Minimal invasive approaches including sclerotherapy and tunica vaginalis fenestration have limited efficacy. This study deals with a minimal invasive surgical variant. Materials/Patients and Methods: A total of 52 patients were operated and observed in this prospective study in the age group between 18-70 years with unilateral idiopathic primary vaginal hydrocele who underwent sac eversion with minimal separation technique posted as an elective technique. Follow up was done for 6 months. Results: A total of 52 patients underwent minimal incision and pull through technique with the most common age group being 31 to 40 years .Post operative pain was evaluated by VAS score which showed significantly lesser score on post operative day Pain discomfort difficulty during intercourse were the major post operative complaints. No recurrence serious morbidity or mortality was seen in the study group. Conclusion: Minimal incision and pull through technique is a good surgical technique for surgical management of primary vaginal hydrocele as the technique is easier,smaller incision, lesser time consuming and more importantly lesser post operative complications.

Minimally deformed regular Hayward black hole solutions in Rastall theory

Abstract We profit from the gravitational decoupling algorithm via the minimal deformation scheme and extend the regular Hayward black hole, thereby obtaining novel black hole models in the context of Rastall theory. The field equations sourced by multiple matter are decoupled into two systems. The initial set is determined by the metric potentials of the Hayward black hole while the second set which describes additional source is solved using a constraint given by an equation of state. The solutions of the subfield equations allow us to obtain two new solutions by combining them in a linear manner. For given values of the Rastall and decoupling parameters, their some thermodynamic characteristics are studied for the resulting models. It turns out that only the first model preserves asymptotic flatness. It is found that the first and second models are described by exotic and ordinary matter, respectively. Finally, we obtain an acceptable behavior of the Hawking temperature and thermodynamic stability for both models.

Evaluation of reliability and characteristics measure using exponential decay distribution of non‐series parallel network

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the reliability and characteristics of the non‐series‐parallel network. The illustrative non‐series parallel networks, that is, the Twin T‐Network and the network with six components of resistor and capacitor, have been converted into a series of parallel network combinations by use of the minimal path technique. The stochastic variables related to component failure rate have been demonstrated using exponential decay distribution. We obtain the reliability, mean time to failure, and sensitivity with the use of the exponential decay distribution. The reliability and its attributes are examined by assuming different values of scale and shape parameters at different points of time. Using Owen's methodology, we obtained minimal signature, tail signature, expected time, expected cost, and Barlow‐Proschan index were determined. The performance of all reliability characteristics has been observed graphically for arbitrary values of parameters. A real‐world example is used to introduce the point.

Application of improved Jellyfish search algorithm for 9-parameters cell extraction and GMPPT in PV systems

Optimization algorithms are essential tools used to address real-world problems through minimization or maximization processes. In the context of photovoltaic (PV) systems, various optimization algorithms have been employed to extract solar cell parameters using minimization techniques, and to identify the maximum power point (MPP) using maximization approaches. However, under partial shading conditions or during rapidly changing irradiance, many of these algorithms tend to get trapped in local minima, failing to locate the global maximum power point (GMPPT). This shortcoming leads to significant energy losses from PV cells. Similarly, the extraction of solar cell parameters is often compromised by the random search behavior and inadequate exploration and exploitation capabilities of many existing algorithms. The Jellyfish Search Optimization (JSO) algorithm is a recent, parameter-free method developed to tackle a wide range of optimization problems. Despite its innovative design, JSO is prone to premature convergence and exhibits a longer convergence time. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a modified version of the JSO algorithm, which integrates the state-of-the-art features of JSO with the Lévy flight characteristic from the cuckoo search algorithm. This combination aims to achieve a better balance between exploration and exploitation. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed Improved Jellyfish Search Optimization (IJSO) algorithm in PV systems, extensive experiments were conducted. These experiments included benchmarking with complex test functions, extracting cell parameters using various solar cell models, and maximizing energy output from PV systems under different environmental conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed IJSO algorithm effectively enhances parameter extraction and global maximum power point tracking, making it a promising solution for optimizing energy extraction from PV cells in dynamic conditions.

Phenolization of the sinus tract in recurrent sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease: long-term results of a prospective cohort study

AimIn recent years, the paradigm for the treatment of sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease (SPSD) has shifted from surgical excision toward more minimally invasive techniques. Although extensive research has been conducted on the minimal invasive phenolization technique for primary SPSD, literature in recurrent SPSD is lacking. The purpose of this study was to report the long-term outcomes of the phenolization technique for recurrent SPSD.MethodThis study included all 57 patients who were initially prospectively included in this study for short-term follow-up after phenolization for recurrent SPSD. A questionnaire was sent out to all patients to obtain long-term outcome. The primary endpoint was recurrence. Secondary endpoints included quality of life and symptoms related to SPSD.ResultsA total of 47 patients (82.5%) were available for long-term follow-up. Recurrence needing further surgery developed in 7 patients (14.9%) after a mean follow-up of 76 (SD 21.7) months. At follow-up, there was improvement in the quality of life compared to preoperative levels (82.0, IQR 75.0–90.0 versus 74.0 IQR 52.5–80.0, p = 0.024). Additionally, symptoms associated with SPSD, including pain, fluid discharge, and itching sensation, also showed significant improvement. A total of 42 patients (89.4%) would undergo the same treatment again. No significant association was found between known risk factors and recurrence.ConclusionPhenolization for recurrent SPSD showed a recurrence rate of 14.9% with significant improvement of natal cleft symptoms and quality of life at long-term follow-up. Therefore, phenolization should be considered as a feasible option for patients with recurrent SPSD.

Constraining the entropy corrected (m, n)-type pilgrim dark energy in fractal cosmology

This study explores the impact of introducing particle and future event horizon as infrared (IR) cutoff on (m, n)-type entropy corrected versions of pilgrim dark energy. We investigate (m, n)-type power-law entropy corrected pilgrim dark energy in a flat fractal platform by considering a non-interacting scenario with cold dark matter. Then, our focus shifts to (m, n)-type logarithmic entropy corrected pilgrim dark energy. We derive the evolution of some relevant cosmological parameters and cosmological planes. Finally, we constrain the model parameters using H(z)+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$H(z)+$$\\end{document}BAO combined observational data from the DA and BAO methods. For statistical analysis, we apply the χ2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\chi ^2$$\\end{document}-minimization technique (equivalent to the maximum likelihood method) to estimate the best-fit value of the model parameters. We incorporate public Cosmo Hammer (EMCEE) Python package code to perform the MCMC method. Finally, we display the plot of cosmological parameters and cosmological plane and analyze the triangular contour plot by using the optimal values of the model parameters.

Improving the Generalization Abilities of Constructed Neural Networks with the Addition of Local Optimization Techniques

Constructed neural networks with the assistance of grammatical evolution have been widely used in a series of classification and data-fitting problems recently. Application areas of this innovative machine learning technique include solving differential equations, autism screening, and measuring motor function in Parkinson’s disease. Although this technique has given excellent results, in many cases, it is trapped in local minimum and cannot perform satisfactorily in many problems. For this purpose, it is considered necessary to find techniques to avoid local minima, and one technique is the periodic application of local minimization techniques that will adjust the parameters of the constructed artificial neural network while maintaining the already existing architecture created by grammatical evolution. The periodic application of local minimization techniques has shown a significant reduction in both classification and data-fitting problems found in the relevant literature.

Analyses of the tail-[formula omitted] minimization for fast and enhanced sparse selections

We investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the iterative tail-ℓ2 minimization (tail-ℓ2-min) technique for its sparse selection capabilities. We conduct profile analyses on the tail-ℓ2-min, establishing the equivalence of the tail-ℓ2-min problem to a two-stage profile ℓ2 formulation, both featuring analytical solutions. The tail null space property (NSP) of sensing matrix A is shown to be equivalent to the NSP of the newly defined profile matrix Ã. Besides the error bound analysis for the tail-ℓ2-min under the typical tail-NSP condition, a novel error bound of the tail-ℓ2-min formulation is also established without relying on NSP or restricted isometry property (RIP) assumptions. It merely contains tractable coefficients of A, and offers insights into successful recovery, with the observation of the convergent iterative procedure. Numerical studies and the applications to image reconstruction demonstrate the superiority and fast convergence of the tail-ℓ2 sparse solution over state-of-the-art sparse selection methodologies. The sparsity level of a signal that the tail-ℓ2 profile algorithm guarantees the recovery is around 41% higher than that of the basis pursuit algorithm. The analytical solutions of the tail-ℓ2 method at each iteration also ensure that the tail-ℓ2 sparse recovery process is notably fast, especially for high dimensions and high sparsity levels.

Robust Low-Tubal-Rank Tensor Completion Based on Tensor Factorization and Maximum Correntopy Criterion.

The goal of tensor completion is to recover a tensor from a subset of its entries, often by exploiting its low-rank property. Among several useful definitions of tensor rank, the low tubal rank was shown to give a valuable characterization of the inherent low-rank structure of a tensor. While some low-tubal-rank tensor completion algorithms with favorable performance have been recently proposed, these algorithms utilize second-order statistics to measure the error residual, which may not work well when the observed entries contain large outliers. In this article, we propose a new objective function for low-tubal-rank tensor completion, which uses correntropy as the error measure to mitigate the effect of the outliers. To efficiently optimize the proposed objective, we leverage a half-quadratic minimization technique whereby the optimization is transformed to a weighted low-tubal-rank tensor factorization problem. Subsequently, we propose two simple and efficient algorithms to obtain the solution and provide their convergence and complexity analysis. Numerical results using both synthetic and real data demonstrate the robust and superior performance of the proposed algorithms.

Fracture as an Emergent Phenomenon

The mechanics of fracture propagation provides essential knowledge for the risk tolerance design of devices, structures, and vehicles. Techniques of free energy minimization provide guidance, but have limited applicability to material systems evolving away from equilibrium. Experimental evidence shows that the material response depends on driving forces arising from mechanical fields. Recent years have witnessed the development of new methods for modeling complex dynamic and quasistatic fracture. New approaches may differ remarkably from previous ones, as they involve implicit coupling between damaged and undamaged states, allowing fracture to be modeled as emergent phenomena.The focus of this workshop is on the most advanced techniques for modeling fracture, represented by eigenerosion methods, variational approaches, phase field fracture models, and non-local approaches. Technical progress is contingent on the further development of the mathematical framework underlying these techniques. This is necessary for accurate and reliable computational modeling of fracture for multiple freely propagating cracks. The objective of this workshop is to mathematically identify and discuss open issues related to fracture modeling and to highlight recent advances. Addressing fundamental issues will foster exchange between the different communities, essential for advancing the field.

Ablation of Supraventricular Arrhythmias With as Low as Reasonably Achievable X-Ray exposure (AALARA): Results of Prospective, Observational, Multicenter, Multinational, Open-Label Registry Study on Real World Data Using Routine Ensite 3D Mapping During SVT Ablation.

The reduction of fluoroscopic exposure during catheter ablation of supraventricular arrhythmias is widely adopted by experienced electrophysiology physicians with a relatively short learning curve and is becoming the standard of care in many parts of the world. While observational studies in the United States and some parts of Western Europe have evaluated the minimal fluoroscopic approach, there are scarce real-world data for this technique and the generalizability of outcomes in other economic regions. The AALARA study is a prospective, observational, multicenter, and multinational open-label study. Patients were recruited from 13 countries across Central Eastern Europe, North and South Africa, the Middle East, and the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States), with different levels of operator expertise using minimal fluoroscopic exposure techniques. Data on radiation exposure, procedural success, complications, recurrence, and quality of life changes were collected and analyzed. A total of 680 patients were enrolled and followed for 6 months. The majority were ablation naïve with the commonest arrhythmia ablated being typical AVNRT (58%) followed by Atrial Flutter (23%). Zero fluoroscopy exposure was observed in almost 90% of the cases. Fluoroscopy was most commonly used during the ablation phase of the procedure. We observed a high acute success rate (99%), a low complication rate (0.4%), and a 6-month recurrence rate of 3.8%. There was a significant improvement in the patient's symptoms and quality of life as measured by patient global assessment. The routine use of a 3D mapping system during right-sided ablation was associated with low radiation exposure and associated with high acute success rate, low complications, and recurrence rate along with significant improvement in quality of life. The data confirm the reproducibility of this approach in real-world settings across different healthcare systems, and operator experience supporting this approach to minimize radiation exposure without compromising efficacy and safety. NCT04716270.

Anisotropic interior models with Kohler–Chao–Tikekar-like complexity factor

This work explores the construction of spherically symmetric models of stellar interiors by incorporating the null complexity factor (CF) as an additional constraint. This supplementary condition helps us to close an array of stellar structure equations resulting from the process of gravitational decoupling. By making use of MGD-type gravitational decoupling we analyze the role of gravitational decoupling and its impact on the complexity of static, self-gravitational systems. We begin by considering an anisotropic seed solution described by the Kohler–Chao–Tikekar metric ansatz. We then apply the minimal geometric deformation technique to this seed solution, imposing the constraint that the effective anisotropic factor vanishes. This constraint leads to the generation of an isotropic stellar solution. Furthermore, we construct a second family of solutions in which the CF, remains the same for both the seed solution and its minimally deformed counterpart. Our analysis further investigated the influence of both the deformation parameter and the CF on the structural properties of the static and spherically symmetric stellar objects.

Minimally deformed regular Bardeen black hole solutions in Rastall theory

In this study, we utilize the minimal geometric deformation technique of gravitational decoupling to extend the regular Bardeen black hole, leading to the derivation of new black hole solutions within the framework of Rastall theory. By decoupling the field equations associated with an extended matter source into two subsystems, we address the first subsystem using the metric components of the regular Bardeen black hole. The second subsystem, incorporating the effects of the additional source, is solved through a constraint imposed by a linear equation of state. By linearly combining the solutions of these subsystems, we obtain two extended models. We then explore the distinct physical properties of these models for specific values of the Rastall and decoupling parameters. Our investigations encompass effective thermodynamic variables such as density and anisotropic pressure, asymptotic flatness, energy conditions, and thermodynamic properties including Hawking temperature, entropy, and specific heat. The results reveal that both models violate asymptotic flatness of the resulting spacetimes. The violation of energy conditions indicate the presence of exotic matter, for both models. Nonetheless, the energy density, radial pressure, as well as the Hawking temperature exhibit acceptable behavior, while the specific heat and Hessian matrix suggest thermodynamic stability.

A regression method for estimating Gini index by decile

Based on the three-parametric Lorenz curve proposed by Kakwani (1980), this paper builds a multiple linear regression model to estimate the parameters by the weighted least square method named the regression method. Using the Lorenz curve, the Gini index and its variance are then calculated. Compared to the error minimization technique, the regression method has a better performance in estimating the Gini index using Kakwani (1980)’s Lorenz curve and a dataset of sixteen economies from the United Nation University-World Income Inequality Database (UNU-WIID). The results also suggest that the regression method has an advantage when estimating the Gini index and fitting the income shares by decile for the medium and higher inequality economies. We find that the three-parametric Lorenz curve has a better performance than the double-parametric Lorenz curve, and the double-parametric Lorenz curve is superior to the single-parametric Lorenz curve, judged by the RMSE of the actual Gini index and the estimated ones.

Essential Features and Torque Minimization Techniques for Brushless Direct Current Motor Controllers in Electric Vehicles

Essential Features and Torque Minimization Techniques for Brushless Direct Current Motor Controllers in Electric Vehicles

816. BRONCHIAL INJURY AND REPAIR DURING MINIMALLY INVASIVE ESOPHAGECTOMY

Abstract Background Video Assisted Thoracoscopy (VATS) is the preferred approach to Esophagectomy thanks to the improved short term outcomes without any compromise on the oncological outcomes. VATS Esophagectomy is technically difficult and has a steep learning curve, with several potential complications. Description This is the video of a patient with early esophageal cancer (T1N0M0) who underwent VATS esophagectomy in the semi-prone position with capnothorax. There was an inadvertent injury to the membranous wall of the left bronchus which was sutured using monofilament absorbable sutures. The omentum was wrapped around and sutured to the anterior wall of the stomach tube, which reinforced the sutures once it was pulled up into the thorax. Patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery. Importance This video, apart from stressing on the need for careful dissection around the bronchial tree, shows that such an injury can be managed with minimal invasive techniques. https://1drv.ms/v/s!AmL6SI2dDeQVh9AzGMuncYi8GT3nIQ?e=IcjfNd

Relativistic fluids interacting through gravitational decoupling in f(T,𝒯) theory

In this paper, we will manifest how polytropic fluids produce effects on an alternate gravitational source, regardless of its features, for spherically symmetric and static spacetimes. For this purpose, we use [Formula: see text] modified gravity, which is characterized by the trace of an energy–momentum tensor as [Formula: see text] and torsion scalar [Formula: see text], Additionally, using the polytropic equation of state, we will speculate about the distribution of energy among fluids within an astrophysical object. We offer a thorough methodology for identifying generic relativistic polytropes accompanied by the minimal geometric decoupling technique. Ultimately, a few tangible attributes of polytropes along with perfect fluids are observed using the Tolman IV solution, including total pressure, energy interchange, and thermal characteristics.