Gamma-ray Spectroscopy Techniques Research Articles

Lithological discrimination of the Fawakhir-Atalla belt in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt based on Landsat-9 remote sensing data, airborne gamma-ray spectrometry, field and petrographic investigations with implications on the evolution of the Arabian Nubian Shield

The Central Eastern Desert (CED) is a key territory for understanding the evolution of the Arabian Nubian Shield (ANS) in Egypt as it contains Cryogenian-Tonian ensimatic supracrustal assemblages, such as ophiolitic and arc volcanic rocks, as well as gold deposits. So, it has been the subject of extensive studies over the last two decades. However, the lithological mapping of the Fawakhir-Atalla belt, located west of the Meatiq gneiss dome (infrastructure) of the CED, is still debated, as the magmatic texture of some rocks was partially obscured owing to the shearing and alteration related to the Najd Fault System, mantle CO2-bearing fluid, and igneous activity in the final stage of the Pan-African Orogeny. In this regard, integrated studies of airborne gamma-ray spectrometry and Landsat-9 satellite imagery processing techniques, as well as field and petrographic investigations, have been used for the lithological mapping of the belt. The results led to the following sequence; ophiolitic rocks > island arc assemblages > older granitoids (syn-tectonic subduction-related) > Hammamat Group (molasse-type origin) > post-Hammamat felsite > younger granite (post-tectonic suture-related). The applied color composite images, selective band ratios, and image transformation techniques show a clear distinction between rock units. Older granitoids are tonalite to quartz diorite, while younger granites are monzo-to syenogranite. They are well-discriminated from each other using band ratios, and younger granites have the highest K, eU, and eTh values coherent with the post-Hammamat felsite. The image enhancement and image transformation techniques show a clear discrepancy between the mélange rocks and Hammamat conglomerates. Mélange rocks are composed of fragments embedded in a foliated matrix, while Hammamat conglomerates are grain-supported with pebbles of volcanic source and have higher K, eU, and eTh values. Volcanic rocks in the belt are not a part of the Dokhan series as they are metamorphosed with a composition range from meta-basalts to meta-rhyolite, and show mainly aphanitic to infrequently porphyritic textures, which are typical of island arc metavolcanics.

Soil and air radon/thoron exhalation rates and radon activity concentrations in the vicinity of Lake Monoun, West region of Cameroon

ABSTRACTOne crucial element to determine the radon amount in the environment is the rate at which radon is exhaled from the subsurface. To assess the radon and thoron potential exhalation in the vicinity of Monoun Lake in the West Region of Cameroon, 28 soil samples were collected around the lake. Radon activity concentration in soil gas and air and the related risk to radon inhalation were evaluated. Radon and thoron exhalation rates, mass exhalation rates, and radon soil gas activity concentrations were derived from a mathematical model as a function of radium content and soil parameters. Radium activity concentrations were estimated using a gamma-ray spectrometry technique with a High Purity Germanium detector (HPGe). The average radon exhalation rate, thoron exhalation rate, radon mass exhalation rate, and thoron mass exhalation rate were found to be 22.7 mBq.m−2.s−1, 5348 mBq.m−2.s−1, 0.018 mBq.kg−1.s−1, and 321 mBq.kg−1.s−1, respectively. The registered radon and thoron exhalation rates were above the world average values of 16 Bq.m−2.s−1 and 1000 Bq.m−2.s−1 published by UNSCEAR, respectively. The calculated thoron exhalation in the study area was about 75.3 times higher than that of radon, which suggests probably more exposure to thoron gas than the radon in the area, despite its shorter half-life. A good positive correlation was found between radon and thoron exhalation rates. The obtained average values of radon activity concentrations in air and annual effective dose were above the world average values of 10 Bq.m−3 and 0.095 mSv published by UNSCEAR, but still below the threshold values of 148 Bq.m−3 and 1.4 mSv set as action levels by USEPA, respectively.

Estimation of Background Radiation from A Soil Sample from A Barley Farm Area and Malt Factory in East Arsi, Ethiopia

The aim of this work is to estimate the background radiation of a soil sample from the barley farm area and Malt factory in East Arsi, Ethiopia. The technique of gamma-ray spectrometry with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray detector and a PC-based MCA was used. The activity concentration levels due to 40K, 137Cs, 238U, and 232Th were measured within the study area at a depth of 30 cm. The soils of the study region are used as construction material by many farmers. The measured specific activity of those radionuclides was compared with the data reported worldwide. The specific activity of radionuclides was estimated in both study locations. The specific activity 238U of soil samples ranged from 41.0 Bq kg-1 to 30.7 Bq kg-1 in the barley farm, with a mean value of 37.7 Bq kg-1, and for malt ranged from 23.8 Bq kg-1 to 40.6 Bq kg-1, with a mean value of 32.5 Bq kg-1. The specific activity of 232Th in soil samples ranged from 89.9 Bq kg-1 to 156.0 Bq kg-1, with a mean value of 118.6 Bq kg-1, whereas for the Malt factory ranged from 121.0 Bq kg-1 to 128.0 Bq kg-1, with a mean value of 123.7 Bq kg-1. In barley soil samples, the specific activity of 40K ranged from 401.0 Bq kg-1 to 530.0 Bq kg-1 with a mean value at the Malt plant ranged from 518 Bq kg-1 to 598.0 Bq kg-1, with a mean value of 553.6 Bq kg-1. Similarly, the specific activity of 137Cs was determined in both the barley farm and the malt Factory. In barley farm soil samples, it ranged from 3.3 ±0.6 Bq kg-1 to 5.34±0.6 Bq kg-1, and with a mean value of 4.3 Bq kg-1 whereas, in the Malt factory it varied from 3.1 ±0.7 Bq kg-1 to 5.3 ±0.7 Bq kg-1, and with a mean value of 4.5 Bq kg-1. The absorbed dose rate within the barley farm ranged from 24.6 ±2.9 nGyh-1 to 34.1 ±2.9 nGy h-1, and with a mean value of 30.6 nGyh-1, whereas, in the Malt factory, it varied from 31.3 ±1.3 nGy h-1 to 35.5 ±1.3 nGyh-1, and with a mean value of 33.5 nGy h-1. The annual effective radiation dose for BSS and MFSS was calculated to be 37.6 mSv y-1and 41.1mSv y-1. This study revealed that this region lies within a medium radiation background when compared with the world's average. The marginal value of dose is higher within the Malt factory area because of fertilizer consumption for cultivation. Since these estimated background and radiological impact factors are below the recommended values, it seems that there is no potential radiological health hazard related to the soils from both BSS and MFSS in Arsi Asella, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Measurements of some radionuclides in coffee samples using gamma-ray spectrometry and evaluating radiological health risk to the Turkish public

ABSTRACT The current research aims to assess the radioactivity levels and radiological health risks of 28 coffee samples from 21 assorted brands obtained from different provinces of Turkey. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) and artificial radionuclide 137Cs in the samples were quantified using the high-resolution gamma ray spectroscopy technique with an HPGe detector. 137Cs could not be found in any of the samples. The activity concentrations in all coffee samples were found in the range of <MDA–2.93 Bq kg−1 with an average of 1.24 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, <MDA–3.06 Bq kg−1 with an average of 1.51 Bq kg−1 for 232Th and 433.67–538.69 Bq kg−1 with an average of 496.24 Bq kg−1 for 40K. Radiological parameters such as annual intake of radioactivity (Yint), committed effective dose (Deff), threshold consumption rate (DIthresh), and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were evaluated to estimate human radiological risk in the coffee samples. The total committed effective dose to an individual due to the consumption of each coffee sample was less than the dose limit of 290 μSv y−1 suggested by UNSCEAR. The lowest threshold consumption rate (kg y−1 or g d−1) calculated in all coffee samples was higher than the amount of coffee consumed per year (kg y−1) and the amount of coffee consumed at the daily normal level (g d−1, cups d−1). The total lifetime cancer risks from ingestion of the sampled coffees were estimated to be less than the advised safety limit (10−3). Based on the obtained results, none of the coffee samples analysed in the present study constitute a possible radiological risk for public health. Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis (PCCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) were used to present the relationships between the radionuclides and distinguish the group members, respectively.

Evaluation of radiological hazards in lower zab river sediments

In this study, the activity concentrations of natural and artificial radionuclides in 18 sediment samples were investigated from Iraq’s Upper and Lower Dukan Dam using the high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector as a gamma-ray spectrometry technique. The results revealed that the values of the activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs sediment ranged from (2.85–24.60 Bq kg−1), (1.27–7.56 Bq kg−1), (42.14–346.60 Bq kg−1), and (0.14–3.62 Bq kg−1), respectively. The radiological risk parameters such as radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, and external hazard index were determined and found to be 30.98 Bq kg−1, 14.97 nGy h−1, 29.62 nGy h−1, 0.019 mSv y−1, 0.153 mSv y−1, 0.08, and 0.11, respectively. The observed mean values were comparable to internationally recommended values. The field dose rates were measured using the RIIDEye Handheld Radiation Isotope Identifier, and the range was 23.5 nsv h−1–80.6 nsv h−1. The data obtained in this study can be used as a baseline for future investigations of radioactivity background in the investigated area.

Radioactivity and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Surface Sediment from the West Aegean Coast

ABSTRACT Sediment quality can be assessed by analyzing radionuclides and heavy metals from pollution sources. These substances also provide insight into sediment structure and marine pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of radiation and heavy metal accumulation in İzmir Bay by taking into account both lithologic and anthropogenic factors. Sediment samples were collected from İzmir Bay on a seasonal basis. Gamma-ray spectrometry techniques were used to determine radionuclides in the sediment using a NaI (Tl) scintillation gamma spectrometer. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was employed to measure heavy metal concentrations in the samples. Mean concentrations of 232Th (43.6 Bq/kg), 226Ra (35.3 Bq/kg), 40K (699.2 Bq/kg), and heavy metals Fe (13408.3 ppm), Al (16891.6 ppm), Mn (517.3 ppm), Zn (59.8 ppm), Cr (96 ppm), Ni (31.6 ppm), and Pb (31.8 ppm) were determined in the surface sediment. The elevated levels of both radionuclides and heavy metals were attributed to industrial accumulation and sedimentation patterns in the bay. The study highlights the importance of considering both geological structures and environmental risks in assessing sediment quality.

Soil Measurements Using High Purity Germanium Gamma Spectroscopy for Areas Surrounding Al-Tuwaitha Nuclear Site

This study introduces the calculations of the radiation background, by characterizing the radionuclides and calculating their specific effectiveness in the environment of the city of Baghdad (soil and plants) using the gamma-ray spectroscopy technique. 20 soil samples at a depth of 20 cm were collected for 5 locations on the Rusafa side, where the site coordinates were fixed using the G.P.S device. A modern global gamma-ray spectroscopy system (DSA 2000) was used, with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector with an efficiency of 50% and an analysis capacity of 2.2 keV with respect to the energy of 1332 keV for the 60Co source. The results of the specific activity rates of the radionuclides (214Bi or 214Pb), (228Ac or 208Tl), (40K), and (137Cs) in soil were: (50.735 Bq/kg or 0.525 Bq/kg) which is close to the value of the previously published results, as the highest value was recorded in Bangladesh (88.1 Bq/kg or 4.8 Bq/kg). The results of the qualitative effectiveness of the soil of the sites showed normal levels within the radiation background of Baghdad's soil. There was a significant convergence of the study's findings with other studies.

Modern method for determining the specific activity of natural radionuclides

The purpose of this work is to get acquainted with the basic properties and laws of interaction with the substance of gamma radiation. The practical part of the work includes an acquaintance with the technique and technique of gamma-ray spectroscopy by the example of recording the gamma spectrum of a Cs137 preparation with a spectrometer with a scintillation detector, followed by calibration of the energy scale. After that, on a calibrated spectrometer, it is proposed to determine the attenuation coefficient and estimate the energy of gamma quanta.

First Full Beta-Strength Measurement With Dtas Across N=126 at Fair Phase-0

An experiment was performed at GSI with the objective of measuring theβ-intensity distribution in the decay of Hg, Au and Pt isotopes around N=126 using the total absorption gamma-ray spectroscopy technique. The aim is to benchmark theoretical models used to make predictions of half-life and neutron emission probabilities of exotic nuclei involved in the rapid neutron capture process, leading to the synthesis of very heavy elements. This paper presents some experimental details and the current status of the analysis.

Counting efficiency in gamma-ray spectrometry with different sample volumes for the same geometry

The aim of this study is to determine an easy and fast method to calculate efficiencies in different volumes, in the same counting geometry, for gamma-ray spectrometry technique. Reference Material Soil IAEA 326 was packed in a 100 mL capacity polyethylene bottle with different masses and volumes, and sealed for about four weeks, prior measurement, in order to ensure that radioactive equilibrium had been reached between 226Ra and its progeny. After this time, they were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry with a hyper-pure germanium detector. The masses of the reference material used were 25, 60, 80, 95 and 128g. The energies of gamma-rays used in this paper are recommended due to the considerations: gamma intensity value, peak quality, spectral region without interference and the gamma- ray energies of the 238U and 232Th series very important for determining the natural radioactivity. The efficiency values obtained compared to the adjusted efficiency values were similar and presented a good correlation coefficient. The performance was acceptable for all different masses studied, indicating results consistent for the method. The proposed method could be useful as a tool for laboratories, dealing with of samples on a routine basis, by reducing the cost on the purchase of another counting geometry and optimizing the use of the detection system, thus improving their performance.

Using of airborne gamma-ray spectrometric data to the exposure of potassic alteration -recognition of alteration relates to gold mineralization

It is well known that many mineral deposits are related to hydrothermal processes, especially auriferous deposits. In this research paper, we show how to distinguish areas that have experienced hydrothermal activity, by construing airborne gamma-ray spectrometry data, especially potassium. An indirect application of aerial gamma-ray spectrometry technique is used to detect possible minerals deposits.In this region, an airborne gamma ray survey (K, eU and eTh) was carried out, based on irregular K, “F” parameter -, and Th-normalized of the K and eU anomalies. This work exhibits the mapping of hydrothermal regions possibly showing gold mineralization and the pointing out of new geological portions for this sequence, establishing prospective criteria for regional mineral exploration.We can suggest a new exploratory target, the area that is located next to Jabal Al-Ardiya (white colour on ternary map), which is characterized by high values of F-parameter, KD%, and K/eTh. Besides, enriched areas are found scattered in the north-eastern side of the study area. As result, the airborne gamma ray spectromertic data, might be used for estimation of prospective Gold Ore zones associated with the potassium alteration."

Sedimentary and environmental conditions of Al-Rassafeh Badyieh (Area-2), Syria through aerial gamma ray spectrometry and multifractal techniques

The interpretation of aerial gamma ray spectrometry in term of geological and environmental analysis is undertaken herein through applying a specific methodology including different radioactive and statistical techniques for characterizing the sedimentary and environmental conditions of the Al-Rassafeh Badyieh (Area-2), Syria. The radioactive technique uses the uranium favorability index (UI) and alteration(F) parameters, that are evaluated through analyzing the relationships between eU, eTh, K and their ratios (eTh/eU, eU/eK, and eTh/eK) for the nine scored lithological units already determined in the study area. The statistical technique applies the non linear multifractal approach with the concentration-number model (C–N) and log-log graphs to differentiate between different radioactive ranges of UI and F parameters.The radioactive element re-distribution, the favorability as regards uranium potentiality, and the degree of uranium remobilization are separately estimated and documented for the nine scored lithological units. Those units show a limited uranium remobilization and redistribution. The sedimentary and environmental conditions of the Area-2 are clarified through analyzing the eTh/eU ratio, where marine and continental environments are indicated in the study region.

Ingestion doses and elemental composition of herbal plants and fish

It is known that the determination of ingestion doses of radioactive elements is a complex problem due to the different metabolic behaviours of the human beings. To contribute to this topic, this work presents the analysis of the ingestion doses of 40K, 232Th and 238U in some species of herbal plants and fish. These analyses were done using technique of gamma ray spectrometry and applying the estimation models for ingestion dose of ICRP and IAEA. Furthermore, in this article was applied the analytic technique of Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) in the analysis of elementary composition and concentrations of components in those same species of herbal plants and fish.

Relativistic theory to Compton effect for spectroscopic detector

We report here a theoretical proof of the limiting value of the velocity of target/particle responsible for various photon–electron interactions in the Compton scattering experiment which may be carried out in various applications such as gamma-ray spectroscopy. Compton scattering deals with the collision of photons with a target particle where both energy and momentum are transferred to the particle while the photon moves with reduced energy and a change of momentum. Here, the changed energy of a photon depends on the angle between the incident axis and scattered photon (θ), the rest mass of the electron, and the frequency of the photon before the collision. However, when some initial velocity is provided to an electron that is at rest initially, then in such cases, the particle obeys limiting value on velocity for a particular energetic photon to follow Compton scattering. In such cases, the changed frequency of photons also depends on the initial and final velocity of nonstationary electrons during a collision, including the angle (φ′) between the recoil electron and incident axis. Here, we have presented the derivations to calculate the recoil velocity of the nonstationary electron. These terms are the accurate solution of the Compton shift. We have tried to calculate the upper limit or limiting values of the initial velocity of the target particle in Compton scattering. Further, we have computationally demonstrated that there is a dependence of scattered photon frequency on initial velocity of target particle (u) and mass of the target particle (m) at a higher scattering angle. Finally, numerical simulations were carried out with particles such as an electron, pion (+/-, 0) to verify the greater degree of accuracy of the particles in spectroscopic detectors such as gamma-ray spectroscopy and other high energy spectroscopic techniques.

Simulation of alpha particle emitted by 222Rn from natural spring water in Puebla, México

A computational simulation of alpha-particle expansion, emitted by 222Rn naturally diluted in the water of a spring located in the state of Puebla Mexico, is presented. This simulation provided information on the volume of expansion of the alpha particles in the vicinity of the spring and thus awareness if there was a radiological risk for the users or the population that lived near to it. Before performing the simulation, several measurements were made to water samples with a dynamic measurement system. This in order to know the level of radon concentration and compare the results obtained with the levels recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, to know if there was a radiological risk due to the presence of gamma emitting radionuclides, complementary water analyses were carried out using gamma-ray spectrometry techniques. The simulation was developed using the scientific software of particle interaction with matter, Geant4. The different variables declared for the software parameters are presented in this document. The results of the radon measurements in the water and the computational simulation, determined that there was no radiological risk due to alpha radiation. Furthermore, the results from the gamma-ray spectrometer showed that there was no presence of other hazardous radionuclides in the water.

Natural Radioactivity and the Evaluation of Related Radiological Risks in Concrete Used in Prizren District, Kosovo

This study aims to investigate the natural radioactivity levels in concrete made of Portland cement and used in Prizren district, Republic of Kosovo. The activity concentrations of 40 K, 226 Ra and 232 Th were determined by gamma-ray spectroscopy technique with High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity concentrations of 40 K, 226 Ra, and 232 Th were found to be 15.4-28.4 Bq kg -1 , 4.3-5.9 Bq kg -1 and 2.0-4.1 Bq kg -1 , respectively. These results were used to calculate the activity concentration index as recommended by the Basic Safety Standard of Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM for the safe use of building material. Kosovo must comply with this recommendation in the framework of legislative harmonization with the European Union. The activity concentration index was found to be lower than the reference level of unity ( I =0.05), corresponding to an annual effective dose rate of AED=0.05 mSv y -1 . The concentration of radionuclides and radiological hazard parameters for concrete investigated in this study were compared with respective results found in literature from different countries. These results show very low activity concentrations, indicating that concrete used in Prizren, Kosovo, does not pose any significant risk due to its use as building material.

Measuring of radioactive contamination by Gamma-ray Spectroscopy for many water projects in Baghdad City

The study aims to provide the effective monitoring of radioactive contents in refining water stations. Attempts were made to measure the radionuclide’s concentrations level which indicates to radioactive contamination in the samples of raw water taken from the Tigris River and samples of river sediments. The radionuclides contents have been obtained using the gamma-ray spectroscopy technique. Analysis system (HPGe) has been applied to measure the radioactivity concentration of Uranium, Radium, and Thorium in water and sediment samples. For solid samples (sediments), results have shown that the activity for238U the range was from (52±5.31Bq/kg)In S4 to(120±8)in S3, for 232Th the range was from(26±2.4Bq/kg)in S1to (48±3.1Bq/kg) in S3, for 40K, the range was from (247±17Bq/kg) in s4 to (453±18Bq/kg) in S3, for 137Cs the range was from(1.28±0.1Bq/kg) in S3 to (7.8±0.67) in S2. For liquid samples (water), the activity for 238U was from (10±1 Bq/l) in Kh1to(38±4.2Bq/l) in D1, for 232Th was from (1±0.35Bq/l) in kD1 to (1.8±0.60Bq/l) in D1, for 40K was from (10±0.3 Bq/l), in ka1to(48±5.7Bq/l) in KD1. In the final step (drinking water) showed only 40K isotope appeared at range(18±0.03 - 55±0.06Bq/l).

Radionuclide Content of Aerosols within the Lower Atmosphere of Major Towns in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria

Radioactivity analysis of aerosols within the lower atmosphere of some selected towns in Plateau state, North central Nigeria was carried out using Respirable Dust sampler (APM 460NL) and Gamma Ray Spectroscopy technique to ascertain their radiological safety and radiation dose to the general public. The mean mass concentration of fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) aerosols were found to be 234.4 and 390.6 (ug/m3) respectively for Pankshin; 381.3 and 312.5 (ug/m3) respectively for Shendam, and 208.3 and 250.0 (ug/m3) for Jos. The mean activity concentration of Potassium- 40, Radium-226 and Thorium-232 in the selected towns were found to be 510.82,52.16 and 29.76 Bq/kg respectively. Average values of the following radiological parameter Da, AEDE, HEX and AGED were 4.3439 nGy/yr, 0.0053MSv/yr,0.025Bq/kg, and 30.3470 mSv/yr respectively.The activity concentration of Potassium-40 was beyond the permissible limit at Shandan while that of Radium-226 was beyond the set limit in Jos and Pankshin. The concentration of Thorium-232 in the study areas was below permissible limit. Continuous exposure to these radionuclides and their progenies including their synergetic effects with trace metals in the aerosols may pose several risk to public health. This work is useful in regional environmental radiation monitoring and is part of efforts geared towards generating baseline data for environmental radioactivity levels within North Central Nigeria .

Airborne gamma-ray spectrometric technique for exploring potential hydrocarbon accumulations in Ar-Rassafeh Badyieh Area (Area-2), Syria

ABSTRACT The airborne gamma-ray spectrometry technique is newly practiced in Syria as an indirect approach for petroleum prospecting to detect structural traps favorable for possible hydrocarbon accumulations in Ar-Rassafeh Badyieh Area (Area-2). The thorium (Th) normalization technique is used in this approach to suppress regional geological influences. Three anomalous microseepage zones that are suitable as hydrocarbon occurrences were detected in Area-2 and identified by low residual potassium values and high uranium residual values relative to potassium values. The location of the first zone coincides with a productive hydrocarbon field, confirming the efficacy of the Th normalization approach with the microseepage model for detecting new probable hydrocarbon occurrences in Area-2.

Additional radiation sources in a treatment and control room of medical linear accelerators

Typical medical linear accelerators generating high-energy photon beams used in radiotherapy are a source of neutrons and induced radioactivity undesirable mainly in radiological protection of medical staff but also for treatment of patients. The main source of the secondary radiation are massive components of an accelerator head. The purpose of this work was to study additional sources of gamma rays and neutrons in the treatment and control rooms for the Elekta accelerator. Identification of radioisotopes induced in several examined objects used and stored in the treatment room, and measurements of the spectrum of gamma rays originated in the treatment room door or travelling through it were carried out using a gamma–ray spectroscopy technique with an HPGe detector. Additionally, identification of neutron field was performed in the control room. In total, five nuclear reactions and five radioisotopes Mn-56, Sb-122, Fe-59, Li-7 and Al-28 were identified basing on gamma rays from the radioactive decays in the 20 cm × 20 cm electron applicator enabling collimation of the therapeutic electron beam, a Wood’s alloy tray used as an additional shield against radiation, a special drawer for placing additional radiation shields, and a brick used to shield electronic modules of supporting equipment. Similarly, five nuclear reactions were also observed registering prompt gamma rays in the control room. The dominating nuclear reaction was the neutron capture. Moreover, the reactions induced by neutrons in the germanium crystal of the used HPGe detector confirmed the presence of neutrons in the control room.