Technical Visits Research Articles

Industrial Carbonate Production with Ornamental Stone Quarry Waste: From the Waste Pile to Final Product

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the utilization of ornamental stone quarry waste and its transformation into industrial carbonate production, aiming to promote circular economy practices in mining. Theoretical Framework: This research is grounded in concepts of sustainable waste management and circular economy in the mining sector, emphasizing theories related to waste transformation into valuable industrial products. Method: The methodology included technical visits to a quarry and a processing plant, where extraction, storage, and processing practices of waste were observed and documented. Data collection involved interviews with production teams and 3D modeling of mining areas. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that quarry waste from ornamental rock production can be used to produce carbonates of various particle sizes, suitable for applications in the construction, thermoplastics, and other industries. The analysis highlighted the feasibility of converting mining waste into high-value materials, contributing to the sustainability of the sector. Research Implications: This research provides practical insights into how mining waste can be efficiently managed and repurposed, promoting a more sustainable approach to waste management. Originality/Value: The study contributes by demonstrating and documenting the utilization of waste materials, showcasing their applications across diverse sectors, and reinforcing the economic and environmental benefits of circular economy practices in mining.

VALUATION OF ETHNIC-CULTURAL IDENTITY: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE REPORTS ON VISITS TO QUILOMBOS IN THE STATE OF PARÁ AND RIO DE JANEIRO

The article "Valorization of Ethnic-Cultural Identity: comparative analysis of experience reports during visits to quilombos in the states of Pará and Rio de Janeiro" analyzes visits to quilombola communities, comparing the realities of two states. In Pará, the quilombola communities of Perpétuo Socorro do Tauerá, São Raimundo do Taperú and Maripí face a lack of cultural appreciation, especially among the younger generations, who tend to reject or be unaware of their Afro-descendant heritage. On the other hand, the quilombo of São José da Serra, in Rio de Janeiro, shows a strong connection with Afro-Brazilian culture and identity, valuing traditions and memory. The research addresses the importance of educational actions in the quilombola communities of Pará to rescue and strengthen ethnic-cultural identity, proposing measures such as teacher training and the inclusion of practical activities based on Afro-Brazilian history and culture, following the National Curricular Guidelines. The technical visits carried out by pedagogy students allowed a detailed analysis of the cultural dynamics and challenges faced, highlighting the need for integration between school and community to rescue these traditions. It is suggested that strengthening relationships between younger and older generations, through discussion groups and cultural practices, could help reverse the process of denying Afro-Brazilian identity. The valorization of emotional intelligence in interpersonal relationships within the school is also highlighted as fundamental to the success of these initiatives, promoting a positive and respectful organizational climate.

COMPLEXIDADE GEOECONÔMICA E AS ANÁLISES GEOGRÁFICAS REGIONAIS

The goal of the paper is to unravel the geo-economic complexity of regional agglomeration economies. For this one, the spatial focus is on the western region of Santa Catarina. The main result of cross-referencing the literature with empirical research data was to break the stereotype that the region under analysis is specialized purely and simply in agro-industrial production. In fact, it is a complex, specialized and diversified geo-economic dynamic; given the overflow of agro-industrial capital into other productive sectors, such as machinery and equipment, mechanical metal, renewable energy, meat production technologies, real estate investments and others. This led to the identification of four agglomeration economies with differences and similarities from a production point of view: Chapecó and Xanxerê, Concórdia and Joaçaba, Videira and Caçador and, finally, São Miguel do Oeste. Methodologically, the research considers three steps: 1) bibliographic and data collection; 2) fieldwork and technical visits; 3) organization, cross-referencing and qualification of the data collected. Keywords: Geo-Economics Complexity; Agglomeration of Economy; West of Santa Catarina.

MANDATORY SUPERVISED INTERNSHIP IN THE BACHELOR’S COURSE IN AGRONOMY, A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN UFRA CAMPUS OF CAPANEMA AND THE MUNICIPAL SECRETARIAT OF AGRICULTURE OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF PRIMAVERA – PA

Supervised internship report aimed at technical visits and guidance to small producers in the municipality and activities on the environment developed in partnership with the Municipal Secretariat for the Environment and Sustainable Rural Development (SEMMA) and the Municipal Secretariat of Agriculture (SEMAGRI) . As well as, investigating locations in the municipality of Primavera in the State of Pará to carry out the practice of mechanization, carrying out environmental education in municipal and state schools, revitalizing public squares with ornamental plant seedlings, developing internal documentation with the Secretariat and, also, carry out technical visits to communities in the municipality that grow açaí.

Characterization of the typology of producers in the “sembrando vida” program in Oaxaca, Mexico

In Mexico, research work documented at plot in the field or producer level is uncommon and with limited information, due to the fact that it is expensive and requires specialized personnel. This research work carried out by the National Institute of Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research (INIFAP) and financed by the National Council of Humanities, Science and Technology (CONAHCYT) was based on a field diagnosis to determine the description of the typology of the participating "sowers'' producers enrolled in the Sembrando Vida Program (PSV), of the Federal Goverment of Mexico belonging to the state of Oaxaca, and thus, be able to implement strategies for training and follow-up attention on a massive scale. A total of 383 sample surveys were analyzed from a population of 37,719 small producers representing an estimated crop area of 56,578 hectares distributed in two regions of the state of Oaxaca. It is concluded that the diagnosis continues to be a fundamental information tool to identify and address more precisely and timely the problems at the farmer's plot level and with any type of crop. Another fundamental activity was the visit or technical visits to the territories that are representative of the regions in order to validate the information obtained. With the results obtained in this research, it was possible to address the main problems through personalized and directed technical assistance under the scheme of field schools (learning-by-doing) throughout the development of annual and fruit crops that the planters have in the MIAF within their PUPs (Small Production Units). Likewise, insert the main training needs at the express and consensual request of all program stakeholders: researchers-trainers, PSV technicians and sowers.

PRESCRIPTIVE MAINTENANCE SYNCHRONIZED TO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INDUSTRY 5.0: A THEORETICAL DISCUSSION

This article aims to examine and understand the current scope of Prescriptive Maintenance integrated with the human-centric characteristics of Industry 5.0. Therefore, the main research question is the following: “In the view of the managers of the companies visited, located in the Southeast Region of Brazil, what are the main technical and administrative difficulties that companies encounter in successfully implementing proactive combinations on the factory floor, such as Prescriptive Maintenance integrated with the characteristics of Industry 5.0”?. The evolution of industrial processes in recent decades and the advent of Industry 4.0 integrated with human-centered characteristics have placed maintenance as one of the protagonists of industrial processes. In a scenario where automation and humans are gaining more and more space, the future of industries lies in Prescriptive Maintenance. To achieve the objective of the article, professional experiences from participation in congresses, seminars and technical visits to several factories located in the Southeast Region of Brazil are used. In data collection, we explored documentary observation and bibliographic research in the Science Direct and Web of Science databases. The study focuses on research areas related to maintenance integration, Industry 4.0 (Techno centric) and human-centric characteristics (Industry 5.0). The article brought important conclusions, as it addresses the impact and trends on the factory floor so that managers can develop competitiveness and productivity. The article highlights the role of maintenance methods in improving factory floor performance, emphasizing human knowledge and Prescriptive Maintenance practices to ensure operations within World Class standards.

Southern creative robotics – A collaborative framework to implement computational design, fabrication and robotics

Scientific knowledge, ideally neutral and impartial, is inevitably shaped by geographical, economic, and cultural contexts. This research contends that overcoming the constraints of human and economic scarcity, inertia, and limited funding access demands development of collaborative research networks. To this end, four university laboratories from Brazil and Chile - UFRJ, UBB, UTFSM and UAI - have united to advance robotics applied to architecture. The methodology begins with an analysis of Industry 4.0, Fab Lab implementations, and robotics in architecture in the region. They identify key research aspects by mapping each laboratory’s activities and technologies to pinpoint expertise and potential collaborative areas. The authors propose a summary table comparing the labs and a chronological overview to track regional robotics advancement. To raise awareness among peers, the initiative involves joint actions such as courses, workshops and technical visits. 1 Recognising the scarcity of robotic units and the inapplicability of procedures from wealthier contexts, the authors draw on their lab experience to propose guidelines for implementing robotics research units in academia within the region. This includes technological alternatives, installation considerations, and detailed configuration reviews. The deployment of additional robotic units is a means to foster collaboration and bolster the network. Anticipated outcomes encompass increased critical mass, collaborative research initiatives, faculty and student exchange across institutions, higher publication rates, knowledge acquisition, and improved access to global funding agencies. In summary, the Southern Creative Robotics network initiative aims to catalyse the creative integration of digital manufacturing and robotics technology within design in the Ibero-American context.

Public Space: Appropriation and Valuation in the Historic Center of Cuiabá

In 2017, through local public policies, an intervention program was implemented in squares in Cuiabá-MT, this program included the requalification of the main squares in the city's historic center. Using the two largest and most central examples as objects of study—Alencastro Square and Ipiranga Square—this essay aimed to understand the extent to which these squares, through their physical attributes, contributed to their appropriation as public spaces within the historical center of Cuiabá. With this intention, the research took on a practical nature through a case study of multiple units of analysis, selecting the historical center as the case study, and the two squares as distinct units of analysis. Issues such as the meaning of public space, and its role in the appropriation and valorization of historical centers were addressed in the theoretical review. Through the conduct of technical visits to these units, surveying and contrasting their physical aspects with the levels of appropriation observed, it was concluded that their physical attributes and central location revealed themselves as inducers of appropriation. However, differences in the conservation of these spaces showed that their potentials for sociability are impaired, resulting in less sense of belonging and consequent lower valuation of local identity.

Technical specifications for the construction of a two-story building with reinforced concrete

The objective of this experimental work is to develop technical specifications that serve as a guide for the construction of reinforced concrete buildings. To carry out the project, technical visits were made to buildings under construction and were complemented with bibliographic research in books, codes and standards, contrasting the field information with that obtained in technical documents. Before preparing the technical specifications, architectural, structural and hydro-sanitary and electrical installation plans were obtained. With these plans, the necessary components for the construction of the home were determined, including civil works, coatings, finishes and installations. Each technical specification includes: a description, the execution procedure detailing the requirements before, during and after the completion of each component, the applicable regulations, safety measures to protect workers and the unit, materials, equipment, and labor. necessary. With this information, the unit price analysis of each component was carried out. The result acts as a guide that offers a clear description of the execution methods of the components, complying with the national and international regulations, codes and standards used in Ecuador, ensuring adequate control both in the execution and in the review of the construction site.

Environmental management of the water supply of Cidade Universitária Prof. José da Silveira Netto (UFPA) and implementation model for granting water use

This study was carried out in the Prof. José da Silveira Netto University City, on the campus of the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), on the evaluation of the environmental management of water supply and the normative status of models for granting the right to use water resources in the administrative body, the State Secretariat for the Environment and Sustainable Development (SEMAS/PA). The aim of the study is to propose necessary procedures for implementing a project to support good environmental management of urban sanitation systems, based on SEMAS/PA Normative Instruction no. 3 of March 26, 2014. The methodology was developed through documentary/bibliographical research and visits to the competent bodies (SEMAS/PA, CPRM and FEMAC) and technical visits to the sectors of the university city. The studies show that the process of environmental management of water resources and the model for granting water rights need to be improved from the outset. The water resource use on the campus of the Federal University of Pará should meet this requirement and comply with the applicable regulations and any technical conditions proposed by the competent environmental protection agency.

Internationalization of Higher Education and the Role of Languages: Insights from the Global North and the Global South

This study discusses the role of languages in the process of internationalization of higher education reporting on partial results of a project whose aim is to analyze the role of languages, technologies, and mobility (physical and virtual) in the process of internationalization of higher education contrasting data from universities in the Global North and Global South. Data of this study come from a questionnaire with open and semi-structured questions based on Amorim’s (2020) matrix of institutional self-assessment of internationalization of higher education administered to 11 universities located in eight different countries, six in the Global North (Europe) and five in the Global South (Latin America and Asia). The answers to the questionnaire were contrasted and analyzed against the literature of the field and information collected in the universities’ webpages and observations carried out during technical visits to the universities involved. Overall results of the study point to differences between Global North/Global South in approaches to IHE with the former being more proactive and benefited from this process. Corroborating previous analyses of the role of languages in the process of IHE (e.g., Guimarães et al., 2019; Finardi et al., 2016) results of the present study suggest that national languages in general and the status of English in particular, affect and intersect with the process of IHE.

The neuroepidemiological and social risks in neonates related to the Zika virus

Introdução: Entre os anos de 2015 e 2016, o Brasil apresentou um aumento de casos de microcefalia em neonatos, durante uma epidemia de Zika Vírus (ZIKV) - um Flavivírus descoberto em 1947 na floresta de Zika, Uganda. Durante esse período foi confirmada a relação entre a contaminação por ZIKV na gestação e alterações cerebrais congênitas graves em recém-nascidos. As consequências de tal correlação foram profundas, afetando famílias e comunidades e exigindo uma mobilização significativa de recursos e apoio para os cuidados e desenvolvimento das crianças afetadas. Objetivo: O objetivo geral deste estudo é associar a infecção pelo ZIKV com os distúrbios congênitos neurológicos. Metodologia: Consiste em revisão analítica de literatura, realizada a partir de artigos científicos e base de dados de parâmetros seguros, tais quais SciELO, PubMed, Google Acadêmico e Ministério da Saúde. Além de uma visita técnica para um embasamento científico com uma profissional da área, bem como uma intervenção social, desenvolvida para orientação de gestantes, por meio de um folder informativo. Desenvolvimento: Dentre os riscos neurológicos, deletérios ao feto durante o desenvolvimento, a microcefalia mostrou-se o sinal mais evidenciado entre as crianças afetadas, relacionando-se à capacidade de disseminação transplacentária e ao mecanismo apoptótico das células embrionárias. Entre a população atingida, observou-se maior incidência na região Nordeste, entre mães solteiras, com idade maior que 30 anos, baixa escolaridade, autodeclaradas negras, de baixa renda e residentes em áreas com menor cobertura em políticas públicas. Ademais, entre os desfechos, o óbito entre os neonatos atingidos teve média de 1,4 meses, além de prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer, relacionando condições nutricionais e de saúde com fatores sociais. Por mais, notabilizou-se que a obtenção de alterações em neonatos, por vezes, foi evidenciada somente após o nascimento e o diagnóstico fora dificultado no início epidêmico. Entretanto, o impacto no enfrentamento mostrou-se integral não somente para as crianças, mas às famílias atingidas, evidenciando a necessidade do amparo e a imperiosidade de ações educativas voltadas à proteção contra o vírus. Considerações finais: Pelo exposto, concluiu-se que os riscos neurológicos em neonatos decorrentes do ZIKV estiveram associados a uma tríade de aspectos: as condições sociodemográficas e ambientais facilitaram a disseminação rápida do vírus notadamente entre a população com maiores vulnerabilidades sociais, desencadeando danos neurológicos aos fetos em desenvolvimento, maiores no primeiro trimestre da gestação. A prevenção destaca-se como uma das formas mais importantes de ação em saúde no combate à proliferação desse vírus.

Why Do Small Earth Dams Deteriorate: Insights from Physical Investigations in the West African Sahel

In West Africa, the construction of small earth dams is common against water scarcity. Burkina Faso, an inland country in West Africa, is home to 1001 dams that serve agricultural and pastoral needs. These embankments are predominantly made of compacted laterite, a cost-effective material abundant in over 2/3 of the country. However, these dams degrade over time, hindering their functionality. This study aims to establish a catalog of typical degradation occurring on small dams in Burkina Faso, which is virtually non-existent in the region while identifying and analyzing the potential causes. The study uses a diagnostic analysis followed up with technical visits on a representative sample of 24 dams in the Centre and Centre-South regions as a basis for future studies. The results reveal that these dams were constructed between 1965 and 2018, with capacities ranging from 150,000 to 4,740,000 m3. 33% of these dams have undergone total failure, likely attributed to factors such as internal erosion, pore overpressures, settlement, and deformation. Although 67% of the dams remain functional, their structural integrity could be improved. Erosion observed in riprap indicates vulnerability during high flood periods. Additionally, the absence of proper maintenance, as shown by the vegetation development weakening embankments, contributes to deterioration. The analysis also suggests that variability in construction techniques and lateritic material properties across time and regions may further exacerbate degradation. These findings inform infrastructure improvements and policy development for sustainable water resource management in Burkina Faso and similar regions.

Challenges in municipal solid waste management-A comparative case study between selected metropolitan areas Brazil and Portugal

This research was aimed at analysing the management of urban solid waste in Brazil and Portugal, with an emphasis on the metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto and the Recife/PE/Brazil Metropolitan Area. An exploratory research project was conducted with a survey of secondary data, technical visits to institutions and companies in the waste sector, and a comparative analysis of the situation in the areas studied. In Portugal, the management of municipal solid waste in the period before 1995 was predominantly municipal, which evolved into a consortium of municipalities with the entry of Portugal into the European Union in 1986. The country adapted its legislation to the EU Directives, and from 1997, the waste sector suffered a boost with the adoption of the first Strategic Plan for Urban Solid Waste, which was constituted by 40 public waste management companies that associated several municipalities, and some of them also had the state's share in their share capital. However, due to the lack of economic scale of some of these companies, there were mergers, and at the end of 2010, the total number of companies was 23, grouped into entities of a multi-municipal character (when the state enters into the composition of the share capital of the society) and inter-municipal (only constituted by municipalities), currently responsible for the management of waste in Portugal. In Brazil, the National Solid Waste Policy was approved by law in 2010, establishing lines and guidelines for integrated waste management with defined time targets. However, it is not yet fully implemented because about 45% of municipalities still dispose of waste at dumping sites. With regard to the municipalities of the Recife Metropolitan Area, the disposal of waste has already been environmentally appropriate since 2019. According to 2022 data from Brazilian Association of Public Cleaning and Special Waste Companies, the average rate of selective collection in the country is approximately 4%. The research results reveal that Brazil needs to increase selective collection, eliminate approximately 3,600 existing landfills and finally regulate urban solid waste services. While in Portugal, management is well organized as a result of the implementation of PERSU in 1995, there are still challenges to be overcome in order to meet the goals set in the New Legislative Framework, which have not yet been achieved. The specificities and the context are obviously different between the countries, drawing attention to the difference in effectiveness in the implementation of public policies edited by the legal diplomas of the two countries for solid waste management.

Diagnostic Methodology for the Energy Efficiency Estimation in Small Metal Casting Industries.

This study will develop a methodology to measure and find the energy efficiency in arc furnaces, crucible furnaces and cupola furnaces. Those are the only ones used in the small metal casting industries in Cali. The methodology initiates with the elaboration of a survey and contacting a sample OF local companies, then, continues with technical visits, measurements, analysis and results and finally, we obtain conclusions and give some specific recommendations to the companies As a result, the first documented characterization were done, where is shown: size of the industry, energetic resource used, level of technification (modernization), fused metal, smelting method and kind of furnace, it is also presented the validation methodology and the identification of critical points where they can obtain big energy savings.

Temas socioambientais e escola no estado do Amazonas (AM), Brasil

The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between socio-environmental issues and science teaching at school. To this end, the descriptive exploratory method was adopted, which favors getting closer to the object of study. The analyses were conducted using the Textual Discourse Analysis (TDA) technique. The methodological procedures included the following stages: 1) submission to the Research Ethics Committee (CEP); 2) bibliographical research; 3) technical visits. The results show that the articulation of socio-environmental themes with scientific concepts and local reality still faces challenges. This is due to the curriculum's emphasis on isolated concepts, to the detriment of establishing meaningful dialogues with local reality.

Improvement in the Energy Efficiency Label level – PBE Edifica: Case Study of the Community Library of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) – São Paulo - Brazil

This article describes the application of a method of environmental certification of buildings used in Brazil and named as Brazilian Labelling Program PBE–Edifica. The method was developed by Procel, National Electric Energy Conservation Program, which confers, four Labels of the Energy Efficiency levels of a building, covering the Envelope; the Lighting System; the Indoor Air Conditioning; and the building Overall, which includes all previous levels and bonuses. The levels and scope of the Label apply both in the design phase and after construction or existing building in accordance with the Technical Quality Regulation for the Level of Energy Efficiency for Commercial, Service and Public Buildings, RTQ-C. The efficiency level ranges from A to E, where A is the most efficient and E the least efficient. The method also considers Bonuses that allow improvements in the Overall Classification efficiency. Thus, the objective of the research carried out was to identify the classification of the level of energy efficiency of an existing building on the campus of the Federal University of São Carlos, the Community Library, called BCo, Brazil built in 1995 with an area of 6,947.48 m2. The guidelines of the PBE Edifica using the prescriptive method were applied, and the characterization of the level of energy efficiency was carried out based on data obtained from plans and technical drawings of the building, and through a technical visit to obtain the data for entry into an application, WebPrescriptive. To obtain specific information about the wall's thermal transmittance and roof solar absorbance the PROJETEE application was used. All information processed so the building obtained an Overall classification C. For envelope and lighting level E, and air conditioning level B. To improve the level of efficiency, through bonuses, improvements in the lighting system and the elevator were suggested, resulting in level B for both Lighting and Overall efficiency. Notice that the building, due to its design and construction system does not have the conditions to reach level A of efficiency. In conclusion, we would like to point out that it is feasible to submit the building to the formal labelling process, since the proposed improvements resulted in an Overall Energy Efficiency Rating B. As a contribution for EFFICACY Project, some guidelines to be considered for buildings rehabilitation will be stated, as simulation of thermal insulation in facades and others improvements.

An overview of the European Nuclear Society Young Generation Network: Goals and activities

The European Nuclear Society Young Generation Network (ENS YGN) has played a key role in developing and amplifying the voice of young professionals in nuclear science and technology throughout Europe through the provision of networking and training. Founded in 1995 as an initiative to share knowledge with the younger generation, ENS YGN now represents around 4000 students and young professionals in 20 European countries. This paper provides an overview of the history, mission, and activities of ENS YGN. The organisation's mission includes knowledge exchange, innovation, leadership development, and fostering dedication to the nuclear field. ENS YGN achieves its goals through initiatives such as Core Committee Meetings and the European Nuclear Young Generation Forum. The organisation also collaborates with international bodies and conducts outreach activities such as podcasts to inspire and educate the younger generation about the nuclear field. At the national level, individual young generation networks organise activities, such as technical visits to nuclear facilities, conferences, and community-building events. These initiatives vary from country to country, but all aim to attract young professionals to the nuclear sector and promote knowledge sharing. ENS YGN serves as a hub for cross-border collaboration, sharing best practices, and creating a sense of international community among young professionals. The paper highlights the importance of these activities in fostering the next generation of nuclear professionals and maintaining a sustainable nuclear industry in Europe.

Structural reinforcement for adaptation of architectural projects in buildings with pre-panels concrete moldings in Brasilia, Brazil.

The purpose of this article was to analyze the structure of an apartment located in a traditional Brasilia’s superblocks, Federal District, where precast concrete panels make up the structural system. Through the rehabilitation solution employing metal plates for reinforcement, it was possible to conceive a new architecture, redefining the layout and expanding the available spaces. Technical visits and sclerometry tests were conducted to thoroughly evaluate the structural condition prior to the interventions. All steps followed the current standards, ensuring the quality and safety of the modifications. The study results conclude that structural reinforcement is an effective solution that enabled the realization of the proposed new architecture, providing greater safety and stability, in addition to enabling the adaptation of the apartment to the needs of the residents.

Aspects of the production of ornamental stone plates with fragments of hyaline quartz and the potential for color development from irradiation combined with heat treatment

The present work refers to a study on the production of dimension stones slabs with hyaline quartz and its potential for color development through irradiation combined with heat treatment. The research included technical visits to a company that produces slabs (combining parts of sliced quartz crystals) for the dimension stone industry, where the stages of slabs production were described. The material used was classified as a colorless hyaline quartz, with the presence of partially healed fractures and monophasic fluid inclusions, that need more attention when in the heat treatment. The study evaluated the potential for color development through combined irradiation and thermal treatments, using analyses at the Federal University of Espirito Santo - UFES gem and characterization laboratory and at the infrared spectroscopy laboratory at the Nuclear Technology Development Center - CDTN. The results showed that hyaline quartz fragments can develop characteristic colors depending on the irradiation dose and heat treatment. If they have homogeneous behavior in relation to the spectral analysis, the crystals can develop characteristic colors from a weak green gold (yellow-green) to yellow and brown, keeping the proper irradiation doses (yellow-green, 60-100 kGy; yellow, 100- 200kGy and brown >200kGy), but such colors would still have to be submitted for verification of acceptance by the dimension stone market.