Technical Risk Factors Research Articles

Risk identification and assessment of embedded positioning construction technology of rotary digging pile hole casing based on DEMATEL-ANP

In order to identify the greater risks in the implementation of the new construction technology of ‘Embedded positioning construction technology of rotary digging pile hole casing’. And further explore the construction technical risk factors and the relationship between them. On the basis of the existing research and related standards, this paper uses the work decomposition method (WBS-RBS) to construct the construction technical safety risk index system from four dimensions: natural environment, material and equipment, construction quality and working personnel. And use the decision laboratory method (DEMATEL) to establish the internal relationship between the risk evaluation indicators, and then use the network analytic hierarchy process (ANP) method to determine the weight of the risk evaluation index, establish a risk assessment model based on DEMATEL-ANP and carry on the example operation. The results show that the burying stability, fixing mode, type, upper position and installation stability of the reamer are the key work to ensure the normal implementation of the technology.

The impact of years of training and possible technical, procedural, and individual risk factors for the development of atopic symptoms among bakery and confectionery trainees.

Occupational asthma is commonly observed in bakers and confectioners. Endogenous and exogenous risk factors contribute to bakers' asthma. A heightened awareness of this and early diagnosis can be helpful in terms of prevention. The aim of the study was to identify a temporal relationship between the years of training, as well as possible technical, procedural, and individual risk factors for the development of flour-exposure related atopic symptoms such as rhinitis, cough, and rash in young professionals. 127 bakers and confectioner trainees were observed over a one-year period. Two questionnaires served as test instruments. It was investigated whether the rates of atopic symptoms change over the course of a school year and which conditions in the workplace could be responsible for this. Descriptive statistics were used to answer the research questions concerning flour exposure and symptom rates. The Pearson-Chi-Square test was used for testing statistical differences between different groups (e.g. year of training, working conditions). An increase in rates of self-reported rhinitis, coughing, and rashes throughout the duration of traineeship was shown (e.g. rhinitis of bakers at work: 0% in the first year of training, 20% in the second and 33% in the third year of training). The installation of vapour extraction systems and low-dust transfer of baking agents led to fewer symptoms in the workplace (30% of participants with rhinitis symptoms worked with no installed vapour extraction systems). A medical history of atopy was positively correlated with the occurrence of symptoms. To prevent the development of asthma in bakers, methods to improve occupational health and safety should be developed. Creating low dust working conditions e.g., due to the use of vapour extraction systems should be considered.

Technical risk model of machine learning based software project development - A multinational empirical study using modified Delphi-AHP method

ContextThe development of machine learning (ML) based software projects has increased significantly over the past decade, introducing new technical risks that rarely or never appear in traditional software development projects. ObjectiveThis research aims to identify and prioritize the technical risk factors that may lead to the failure of ML-based software development projects. MethodFirst, a literature review was conducted to compile a preliminary list of technical risk factors for ML-based software project development. Then, two rounds of the modified Delphi process were conducted with 17 ML experts to review and verify the completeness and appropriateness of the preliminary technical risk factors. A hierarchy of five technical risk categories with 22 technical risk factors was concluded for the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Then, three rounds of online AHP questionnaires were administered. The consistency ratio (CR) was used to check the respondents’ answers, and the quartile deviation (QD) was applied to assess the consensus on all 96 questions. Finally, we prioritized the technical risk categories and associated technical risk factors. ResultsWe found that "data availability and quality" ranked as the top technical risk category in terms of severity, probability, and impact rankings of the five technical risk categories. Furthermore, all four technical risk factors within this category also occupied the top four positions of impact ranking. ConclusionThe research results highlight the crucial role of the four data availability and quality risk factors for the failure of ML-based software project development. The proposed technical risk model of ML-based software project development with the identified severity and probability priorities may provide practitioners and research community with a clear overview, highlighting areas demanding priority attention to effectively mitigate project failure risks. These findings have broader implications for improving the success rates of ML-based software projects across various domains.

Intravenous Hemin, a potential heme oxygenase-1 activator, does not protect from post-ERCP acute pancreatitis in humans: Results of a randomized multicentric multinational placebo-controlled trial

ObjectiveHemin, a heme oxygenase 1 activator has shown efficacy in the prevention and treatment of acute pancreatitis in mouse models. We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the protective effect of Hemin administration to prevent post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) in patients at risk. MethodsIn this multicenter, multinational, placebo-controlled, double-blind RCT, we assigned patients at risk for PEP to receive a single intravenous dose of Hemin (4 mg/kg) or placebo immediately after ERCP. Patients were considered to be at risk on the basis of validated patient- and/or procedure-related risk factors. Neither rectal NSAIDs nor pancreatic stent insertion were allowed in randomized patients. The primary outcome was the incidence of PEP. Secondary outcomes included lipase elevation, mortality, safety, and length of stay. ResultsA total of 282 of the 294 randomized patients had complete follow-up. Groups were similar in terms of clinical, laboratory, and technical risk factors for PEP. PEP occurred in 16 of 142 patients (11.3%) in the Hemin group and in 20 of 140 patients (14.3%) in the placebo group (p = 0.48). Incidence of severe PEP reached 0.7% and 4.3% in the Hemin and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.07). Significant lipase elevation after ERCP did not differ between groups. Length of hospital stay, mortality and severe adverse events rates were similar between groups. ConclusionWe failed to detect large improvements in PEP rate among participants at risk for PEP who received IV hemin immediately after the procedure compared to placebo. Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01855841).

Donor and recipient risk factors for the development of primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation.

Primary Graft Dysfunction (PGD) is a major cause of both short-term and long-term morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation. Various donor, recipient, and technical risk factors have been previously identified as being associated with the development of PGD. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the current literature as it pertains to PGD following lung transplantation, as well as discussing current strategies to mitigate PGD and future directions. We will pay special attention to recent advances in lung transplantation such as ex-vivo lung perfusion, thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion, and up-to-date literature published in the interim since the 2016 ISHLT consensus statement on PGD and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Transcatheter arterial embolization for small-bowel bleeding: technical and clinical outcomes and risk factors for early recurrent bleeding.

This study evaluated the technical and clinical outcomes of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in patients with acute small-bowel bleeding (SBB) and aimed to identify potential risk factors for early recurrent bleeding after TAE. Thirty-one patients with SBB managed with TAE between January 2006 and December 2021 were included. Technical and clinical success was defined as angiographic occlusion of the bleeding artery and disappearance of clinical or laboratory signs of persistent bleeding without major complications. Complications were classified according to the Society of Interventional Radiology's guidelines. Kaplan-Meier estimates assessed overall survival, and logistic regression models determined risk factors for clinical success and early rebleeding. Technical and clinical success were achieved in 30/31 (97%) and 19 (61%), respectively. Early recurrent bleeding was present in 9 (29%) patients, and was treated by repeat embolization in 4 patients, conversion to surgery in 4, and comfort therapy in 1 patient. TAE-related small bowel ischemia requiring surgery was found in 2 (6.5%) patients. Thirty-day and in-hospital mortality were 19% (6/31) and 23% (7/31), respectively; overall 5-year estimated survival was 60%. Thrombocytopenia and elevated prothrombin time (PT)/activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) levels prior to TAE were identified as risk factors for clinical failure (P=0.0026 and P=0.027, respectively), and for residual or early recurrent bleeding (P<0.001 and P=0.01, respectively). TAE is safe and effective for managing severe SBB; however, early recurrent bleeding was found in nearly one third of patients. Thrombocytopenia and elevated PT/aPTT levels were risk factors for early recurrent bleeding.

Assessing of sustainable construction quality in Iraq under conditions of risk factors

The area generally and Iraq specifically suffers in the current period from a lot of political and economic conditions which leads to the emergence of many risk factors and uncertainty in construction projects. In addition to the nature of the climate and the lack of organizational and technical programs and scheduled and continuous preventive maintenance programs in addition to the risks of terrorism and wars. The aim of the study is to assess the extent of the impact of various risk factors on construction facilities and roads for the purpose of increasing the ability of those facilities to confront these risks through managing them and applying selected criteria from the elements of sustainable construction. A questionnaire was prepared to identify the risk factors that may exist in building and construction projects, and after the risk groups were identified through the questionnaire form and personal interviews with the project participants, those groups were analyzed using the structural equation model in the program (PLS -SEM). The results showed that the ecological, economic, political, technical and social risk factors have a clear impact on the quality of sustainable construction of infrastructure projects in Iraq, and thus a clear influence on the project objectives (cost, duration and quality).

Should primary anastomosis be considered more? A retrospective analysis of anastomotic complications in young children

ObjectiveLittle is known about intestinal anastomotic leakage and stenosis in young children (≤3 years of age). The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions: (1) what is...

Spontaneous Soft Tissue Hematomas in Patients with Coagulation Impairment: Safety and Efficacy of Transarterial Embolization.

The aim of this study is to report the authors' experience of percutaneous transarterial embolization (TAE) in patients with spontaneous soft tissue hematomas (SSTH) and active bleeding with anticoagulation impairment. The study retrospectively identified 78 patients who received a diagnosis of SSTH by CT scan and underwent TAE between 2010 and 2019 in a single trauma center. The patients were stratified using Popov classification into categories: 2A, 2B, 2C, and 3. The patient's 30-day survival after TAE was considered the primary outcome; immediate technical success, the need for additional TAE, and TAE-related complications were considered secondary outcomes. Immediate technical success, complication rate, and risk factors for death were analyzed. Follow-up stopped on day 30 from TAE. 27 patients (35%) fell into category 2A, 8 (10%) into category 2B, 4 (5%) into category 2C, and 39 (50%) into category 3. Immediate technical success was achieved in 77 patients (98.7%). Complications included damage at the arterial puncture site (2 patients, 2.5%) and acute kidney injury (24 patients, 31%). Only 2 patients (2.5%) had been discharged with a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. The 30-day overall mortality rate was 19% (15 patients). The mortality rate was higher in hemodynamically unstable patients, in Popov categories 2B, 2C, and 3, and in patients with an initial eGFR < 30 mL/min × 1.73 m2. The study demonstrated a higher mortality risk for categories 2B, 2C, and 3 compared to category 2A. Nonetheless, TAE has proven effective and safe in type 2A patients. Even though it is unclear whether type 2A patients could benefit from conservative treatment rather than TAE, in the authors' opinion, a TAE endovascular approach should be promptly considered for all patients in ACT with active bleeding demonstrated on CT scans.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Radial Artery Intima Media Thickness and Complications at the Intervention Site After Radial Angiography.

The present study investigated the relationship between pre-procedural radial intima-media thickness (rIMT) and radial artery thrombosis (RAO) in patients undergoing angiography using a transradial approach (TRA). Patients (n = 90) who underwent cerebral or peripheral arterial angiography using TRA were included in the study. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed before and 12h after the procedure. Preoperative rIMT measurement was performed at the distal radial artery. Presence of radial artery occlusion was evaluated by ultrasonography after radial catheterization and revealed occlusive thrombus in the radial artery in 13 patients. rIMT was found to be statistically significantly higher in patients with thrombus (P < .05). When it was evaluated whether there was a correlation between age and rIMT, a positive significant correlation was found (P < .01). Our study suggests that increase of rIMT may be a risk factor for RAO in the intervention area. Before the procedure, ultrasound (US) assessment of the radial artery may be useful in determining the risk of occlusion. Thus, RAO-related technical risk factors (procedure time, number of punctures, sheath thickness, etc.) can be managed more carefully in patients having radial angiography.

Definition and grading of anastomotic stricture/stenosis following low anastomosis after total mesorectal excision: A single-center study

BackgroundAnastomotic stricture/stenosis (AS) is an alarming complication after colorectal surgery, and there is still no recognized definition for AS. This study aimed to determine the status and change of AS after rectal surgery using a special AS definition and grading system, discuss various risk factors for AS. MethodsThis study included patients with rectal cancer who underwent total mesorectal excision between May 2014 and May 2021. A five-degree special AS definition and grading system was used to determine AS status, and clinical outcomes and risk factors for AS were investigated. ResultsA total of 473 patients were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses of patient-related and technical risk factors for AS were performed 3 months postoperatively. For univariate analysis, female sex was a lower risk factor for AS. Defunctioning stoma, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy, and anastomotic leakage were higher risk factors for AS (all p < 0.05). For multivariate analysis, only neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy, and anastomotic leakage were still higher risk factors for AS (all p < 0.05). ConclusionsThrough a special AS definition and grading system's evaluation, we noted that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy, and anastomotic leakage were the higher risk factors for AS.

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: a retrospective single-center study of 372 patients.

Complication rates in percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) are non-uniform and vary considerably. In addition, the impact of peri-procedural risk factors is under-investigated. To compare success and complication rates of PTBD in patients with and without accompanying technical risk factors. A single-center retrospective study was conducted from January 2004 to December 2016. Patients receiving PTBD due to biliary obstruction or biliary leakage were included. Technical risk factors (non-distended bile ducts, ascites, obesity, anasarca, non-compliance) were assessed. Complications were classified according to the Society of Interventional Radiology. In total, 372 patients were included (57.3% men, 42.7% women; mean age = 66 years). Overall, 466 PTBDs were performed. Of the patients, 70.1% presented with malignancy and biliary obstruction; 26.8% had benign biliary obstruction; 3.1% had biliary leakage. Technical risk factors were reported in 57 (15.3%) patients. Overall technical success of initial PTBD was 98.7%, primary technical success was 97.9%. In patients with non-dilatated bile ducts, primary technical success was 68.2%. Overall complication rate was 15.0% (8.1% major complications, 6.9% minor complications). Neither major nor minor complications were more frequent in patients with technical risk factors (P > 0.05). In left-sided PTBD, hemorrhage was more frequent (P = 0.015). Patients with malignancy were significantly more affected by drainage-related complications (P = 0.004; odds ratio = 2.03). The mortality rate was 0.5% (n = 2). PTBD is a safe and effective method for the treatment of biliary obstruction and biliary leaks. Complication rates are low, even in procedures with risk factors.

Predictive Factors for Anastomotic Leakage after Laparoscopic and Open Total Gastrectomy: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this systematic review is to identify patient-related, perioperative and technical risk factors for esophago-jejunal anastomotic leakage (EJAL) in patients undergoing total gastrectomy for gastric cancer (GC). A comprehensive literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus databases was performed. Studies providing factors predictive of EJAL by uni- and multivariate analysis or an estimate of association between EJAL and related risk factors were included. All studies were assessed for methodological quality, and a narrative synthesis of the results was performed. A total of 16 studies were included in the systematic review, with a total of 42,489 patients who underwent gastrectomy with esophago-jejunal anastomosis. Age, BMI, impaired respiratory function, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), alcohol consumption, chronic renal failure, diabetes and mixed-type histology were identified as patient-related risk factors for EJAL at multivariate analysis. Likewise, among operative factors, laparoscopic approach, anastomosis type, additional organ resection, blood loss, intraoperative time and surgeon experience were found to be predictive factors for the development of EJAL. In clinical setting, we are able to identify several risk factors for EJAL. This can improve the recognition of higher-risk patients and their outcomes.

Geospatial multi-criteria analysis for identifying optimum wind and solar sites in Africa: Towards effective power sector decarbonization

Africa has the potential to provide for its growing energy needs with renewable electricity sources. We implement a multi-criterial geospatial optimization to locate the most favorable sites for utility-scale, grid-connected onshore wind and solar PV. Legal, technical, political, environmental, socio-economic and investment risk factors were incorporated in the model. Analysis of the whole African continent revealed South Africa and Egypt to be amongst the most favorable countries for renewable investment, so these were subject to more in-depth analysis. The analysis revealed the favorable conditions offered by Egypt for solar energy installations are attributable to high yearly average insolation (278.3 W/m2), grid reliability, terrain appropriateness and political stability. Current heavy dependence on fossil fuels (165.7 billion kWh) means that there is great potential for emissions reduction from the power sector. South Africa, on the other hand, offers favorable conditions for wind installations due to high wind speeds (12 m/s at 100 m height), high fossil fuel electricity reliance (213 billion kWh), good political stability, and adequate techno-economic factors. The levelized cost of constructing wind farms in propitious sites in South Africa is 16.7% lower than building coal-fired power stations, while the levelized cost of constructing solar farms in optimum zones in Egypt is 29.7% lower than investing in combined-gas turbines and 37% lower than investing in diesel generators.

Biomechanical variables affect peri-implant bone loss in implant-supported fixed complete dentures: A methodological and prospective study.

Implant-supported fixed complete dentures (IFCD) experience failures and complications related to biological and technical risk factors. This study investigated the effect of biomechanical variables of IFCD on 1-year peri-implant bone loss at the buccal, palatal/lingual, mesial, and distal implant sides. A new method was used to measure the geometric biomechanical variables of IFCD using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The study sample consisted of 246 external hexagon implants supporting 48 hybrid IFCD in 44 patients. CBCT images obtained immediately (T0) and 1 year (T1) after prosthesis installation were used to measure the support polygon area, clinical crown/implant (C/I) ratio (vertical lever), anteroposterior power and resistance arms, anterior and posterior cantilevers (horizontal levers), and peri-implant bone remodeling (T1-T0). Data were analyzed using multilevel multivariable models. The average total bone loss in the mandible and maxilla were 0.88 mm, with a loss of 0.62 mm in the mandible and 1.08 mm in the maxilla. The C/I ratio had a significant effect on bone loss on the mesial, distal, and palatal/lingual sides (P <.05). The anterior cantilever had a protective effect on the lingual side of the anterior implant. No effect on bone loss was found for the support polygon area, posterior cantilever, resistance arm, or power arm (P >.05). The results suggest that the C/I ratio and anterior cantilever in IFCD affect peri-implant bone loss according to the implant side and position in the arch.

Predictive Technical Factors for Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula, Video Analysis of Robot-Assisted Pancreatoduodenectomy

Introduction: The objective was to use video analysis of robot-assisted pancreatico-jejunostomy (PJ) to identify technical intraoperative risk factors for clinically-relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF). Methods: Retrospective analysis of the LAELAPS-3 study. All consecutive patients who underwent a robot-assisted PD from 2017 – June 2020 were included. Technical intraoperative factors of the PJ were collected by a blinded assessor through analysis of the recorded videos. The main outcome was CR-POPF, defined as grade B/C fistula. All PJ’s were performed using the modified Blumgart technique. Results: The videos of 153 robotic assisted PJ’s were analyzed. The CR-POPF rate was 22.9% (n=35). Based on uaFRS criteria, 72 (47.1%) patients had intermediate or high-risk anastomoses. In 14 patients (9.2%) a defect of >1mm between stitches of the duct to mucosa was observed. Patients with a defect of >1mm had an increased risk to develop a CR-POPF; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 4.07 (95%CI 1.18 – 14.04, p=0.026). In four patients (2.6%) more than half of the stitches from the duct-to-mucosa did not pass through the mucosa of the jejunum. These patients had an increased risk to develop a grade C fistula (OR 29.7, 95%CI 1.409 - 596, p=0.027). Conclusions: Using video analysis of robot-assisted PJ, we found that a defect of >1mm and a duct-to-mucosa stitch not incorporating the mucosa are associated with CR-POPF. Video analysis can be used to improve outcomes especially in the learning curve. FP02-5.

Improving the analysis of technical risk factors using the integrated FLDS model on the example of the construction of multi-storey residential buildings

Introduction. This study is aimed at developing a model of the life cycle of a multi-storey residential building, taking into account the factors of technical risks. This model makes it possible to identify the main factors of technical risks at different stages of a project’s life and predict its behavior. After examining an extensive list of both domestic and foreign literature, it is clear that the systematization and classification of the elements of the life cycle of a construction object in conditions of technical risk factors is an urgent task in the construction industry. The purpose of the study is to develop the most effective mathematical model for determining and predicting the influence of technical risk factors on the life cycle of a multi-storey residential building. Materials and methods. The study is based not only on an extensive review of scientific literature, whose attention is focused on technical risks, but also analyzed the stages of the life cycle of buildings and structures, used the method of analogies and the method of diagrams, based on the theory of fuzzy set and the Dempster-Schafer theory, a mathematical model of FLDS is formed, so an expert survey was conducted with leading experts in the construction industry, on the basis of which the selection of the main factors of technical risks is formed. Results. The problem of analyzing technical risks in the construction industry plays a significant role, this is due to the construction of a significant number of modern structures that are unique in their kind, both from an architectural point of view, and from the point of view of the originality of design and technological solutions. Conclusions. Due to the uncertainty of experts’ opinions regarding the likelihood of occurrence and the degree of impact of risk factors, a demonstrative mathematical model of FLDS based on two theories is proposed, which allows numerically determining and distributing the influence of a risk factor by ranks. The result of the study shows that the application of the FLDS mathematical model will significantly increase the success of the project, allowing you to see the critical factors of technical risks at the initial stage of the life cycle of a construction project.

Risk Factors for Pneumothorax Development Following CT-Guided Core Lung Nodule Biopsy.

This study aims to correlate nodule, patient, and technical risk factors less commonly investigated in the literature with pneumothorax development during computed tomography-guided core needle lung nodule biopsy. Retrospective data on 671 computed tomography-guided percutaneous core needle lung biopsies from 671 patients at a tertiary care center between March 2014 and August 2016. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify pneumothorax risk factors. The overall incidence of pneumothorax was 26.7% (n=179). Risk factors identified on univariate analysis include anterior [odds ratio (OR)=1.98; P<0.001] and lateral (OR=2.17; P=0.002) pleural surface puncture relative to posterior puncture, traversing more than one pleural surface with the biopsy needle (OR=2.35; P=0.06), patient positioning in supine (OR=2.01; P<0.001) and decubitus nodule side up (OR=2.54; P=0.001) orientation relative to decubitus nodule side down positioning, and presence of emphysema in the path of the biopsy needle (OR=3.32; P<0.001). In the multivariable analysis, the presence of emphysematous parenchyma in the path of the biopsy needle was correlated most strongly with increased odds of pneumothorax development (OR=3.03; P=0.0004). Increased body mass index (OR=0.95; P=0.001) and larger nodule width (cm; OR=0.74; P=0.02) were protective factors most strongly correlated with decreased odds of pneumothorax development. Emphysema in the needle biopsy path is most strongly associated with pneumothorax development. Increases in patient body mass index and width of the target lung nodule are most strongly associated with decreased odds of pneumothorax.

Percutaneous stone removal using a compliant balloon after papillary balloon dilatation

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous stone removal using a compliant balloon after papillary balloon dilatation. Material and methods Between March 2014 and May 2020, 123 patients with choledocholithiasis, in whom endoscopy was unsuccessful, were enrolled in this study. The ampulla of Vater was dilated using a noncompliant balloon, and stone removal was attempted via a pushing maneuver using an endoscopic stone extraction balloon. Clinical and technical success rates, complications, and risk factors for failure and complications were evaluated. Results Biliary stones were completely removed in 118 of 123 patients. Major complications occurred in five patients. One patient experienced duodenal bleeding, which was successfully treated by endoscopy. Hemobilia occurred in three patients, which required transfusion, and one patient experienced four days of abdominal pain. Minor complications, including self-limiting pain, effusion, minimal hemobilia, elevated amylase and fever, occurred in 21 patients. Stone size was the only significant risk factor associated with the rate of complications (Odds ratio: 1.14, 95% confidence interval = 1.04, 1.26). Bilirubin and white blood cell levels significantly decreased after the procedure. Conclusion Percutaneous stone removal using a compliant balloon after papillary balloon dilatation is a safe and effective method in patients in whom endoscopic or surgical treatment is not feasible. Abbreviations: ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; PTBD: percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage

Hybrid Influences of Social Subsystem and Technical Subsystem Risks in the Crowdsourcing Marketplace

The successful management of crowdsourcing risk has gained considerable attention because of the challenges involved in obtaining the satisfactory performance from crowdsourcing activities. However, the mechanism of how various critical risk factors affect crowdsourcing performance has been poorly investigated. Empirical evidence based on a dataset of 169 samples from China shows that three technical (i.e., complexity, requirement, and task) and three social (i.e., seeker, solver, and relationship) subsystem risks not only directly but also interactively influence the crowdsourcing task performance. Technical subsystem risk factors, while worsen performance, diminish the negative effects of social subsystem risk factors on the crowdsourcing task performance. The diminishing effects of three technical subsystem risk factors are also differentiated. High requirement and task risks lessen the negative effects of seeker, solver, and relationship risks on the task performance, whereas the high complexity risk only weakens the negative effect of the solver risk. Therefore, various crowdsourcing risk factors affect the performance in different ways and directions (either negatively or positively). Risk can perform dual roles in influencing the performance. Hybrid strategies that integrate social and technical subsystem elements may be effective in achieving a superior task performance for the crowdsourcing risk management. Managers of crowdsourcing platforms can also optimize social and technical environments to improve the fit between social and technical systems.