Technical Journals Research Articles

Analysis of Russian scientific and technical journals in the field of control theory and systems

The article presents the analysis of Russian journals whose topics are related to the areas of activity of the Scientific Council on Control Theory and Processes at the Department of Energy, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics and Control Processes of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Results of a survey of the leading Russian scientists in this field of science, including members of the council, helped to form a preliminary list of journals. The characteristics of these journals and their existing ratings are presented.It is noted that the well-known scientometric indicators do not allow one to evaluate the journals’ development pathways directly. A proposed indicator characterizes the average rate of change in a journal’s impact factor over a given time interval. The values of development indicators have been calculated and analyzed according to the Russian Index of Science Citation (RISC) and Scopus databases for the abovementioned journals included in these databases. The development pathways of some individual journals are considered.The article gives conclusions and recommendations that may be useful to the editorial staff – with a view to promoting their publications and to authors – in choosing a journal for publication.

Exploring medication rules and mechanism of Chinese medicine for children with cough variant asthma based on data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking.

Cough variant asthma (CVA) is a common disease with high incidence among children. Cough is the main clinical symptom and Chinese medicine (CM) has an exact effect on CVA. However, the rules of herb formulation, the pharmacodynamic substances, and the mechanism remained unclear. Therefore, we conducted this article to explore medication rules and molecular mechanism of CM against CVA in children using data mining, network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Relevant literatures were collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific and Technical Journals database, Wanfang database, Pubmed, and Web of science. Excel 2016 was used to extract related data and establish the database for Chinese medical frequency, properties, tastes, and meridian analysis. Association rules were analyzed based on Apriori algorithm using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 software and core herb combination was identified. The active ingredients and targets of the core herb combination were acquired form the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database. The main targets of CVA were obtained from the GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database. Core targets were selected by using STRING platform and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Metascape platform was utilized to perform gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. The results were verified by molecular docking. SwissADME and pkCSM website were used to analyze the pharmacokinetic profiles and toxicity of key components of the core herb combination. Molecular dynamics simulation was utilized to evaluate the stable of protein-ligand complex. Two hundred seventy-five literatures containing 202 herbs were finally collected. Statistics indicated that these herbs possessed bitter, pungent taste, and warm properties, and belonged to lung meridian. Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizome, Ephedrae herba, and Armeniacae semen amarum were the most frequently used herbs. "Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma-ephedrae herba-Armeniacae semen amarum" was the core herb combination with highest support and confidence. Network pharmacology predicted that the main active ingredients, like quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, etc, might target on RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, vascular endothelial growth factor A, transcription factor AP-1, interleukin-1 beta, matrix metalloproteinase-9, etc. They played a pivotal role in regulating multiple signaling pathways, such as tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking revealed that the key active ingredients were well docked with core targets. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity analysis showed that formononetin, luteolin, naringenin, and quercetin have high gastrointestinal absorption, no AMES toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and skin sensitization. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the formononetin-matrix metalloproteinase-9 complex was relatively stable. This article revealed that CM against CVA in children focused on dispelling wind and reducing phlegm, warming lung, and relieving cough. The mechanism of the core herb combination of CM for CVA through muti-components, muti-targets, and muti-pathways.

‘Luxuries of the mind’: Contextualising Art Photography, Eroticism and History of Medicine in the Social tableaux vivants of Lejaren à Hiller's Sutures in Ancient Surgery (1920s–1940s)

Abstract In 1927 Lejaren à Hiller (1880–1969) produced a series of black and white art photographs entitled Sutures in Ancient Surgery evoking scenes from the distant past of surgery and medicine. Commissioned and distributed in North America by Davis & Geck, Inc. to promote sales of its surgical sutures (stitches), several depictions were erotic owing to the centrality and poses of nude female models. The first series appeared as ads in professional technical journals, then as packets assembled in paper portfolios distributed to doctors who were primarily men. The creation of Hiller's oeuvre in different forms over almost a century – journal advertisement, portfolio, book, exhibit, magazine features and textbook illustration – highlights his enduring broad appeal, although his work has since been subject to criticism because of its perceived sexism. At its root, Sutures was an advertising medium that connected a seller to a potential buyer. The content and presentation of the project also connected medicine present with medicine past, which also may have helped physicians to connect with the then blossoming field of medical history. The appeal Sutures may have had for a past male medical culture would not resonate with the more gender-inclusive and less overtly sexist medical profession of today, which also prompts discussion of the associations across art, obscenity, medicine and society. My reassessment of Hiller's work based on analysis of his artwork, contemporary interviews, published critiques, Hiller's own writings and DG company records extends previous analyses as it is more comprehensive in scope and also considers more fully works by Hiller antecedent to Sutures that probably greatly influenced it, such as photopoetry books, other advertising projects and his silent movie films.

Leveraging Innovation: Enhancing the Engineering-Economic Growth Nexus in Developing Nations

This study investigates the role of innovation to mitigate the impact of engineering on economic growth in emerging countries. Data from 91 emerging nations from 2000 to 2020 were studied using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) panel estimator. Gross expenditure on R&D (GERD) and scientific and technical journals (SCJ) were used as indicators of innovation. The research identifies that innovation substantially amplifies the positive impacts of engineering on economic expansion. To realize innovation-led economic growth, the government needs to boost investments in experimental (R&D) capacities and our engineering industries. As such, the research highlights that uniting engineering and invention is essential for policymakers who hope to improve global long-run economic performance.

Longitudinal Studies on Illness Perceptions in Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review

Objective: To conduct a scoping review of longitudinal studies related to disease perception in cancer patients and to provide a reference for the improvement of disease perception in cancer patients. Methods: Using the scoping method, PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Medline, CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Chinese Scientific and Technical Journals Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database were searched up to July 2023 for analysis and discussion of the included literature. Results: A total of 19 articles were included, distributed across 9 countries including China, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, with 8 articles published in China. The study subjects included patients with breast cancer, colorectal cancer, laryngeal cancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and bladder cancer. The content covered dynamic changes in disease perception, the impact of disease perception, and the influencing factors of disease perception. Conclusion: The number of longitudinal studies on disease perception in cancer patients is gradually increasing and becoming more diverse. However, issues such as a small total number of studies, single research methods, and short observation periods persist. In the future, it is necessary to conduct in-depth longitudinal research on disease perception in cancer patients, expand the scope of research fields, and provide more comprehensive theories to guide clinical treatment and nursing practices, ultimately improving the treatment outcomes and quality of life for cancer patients.

Burden of Care among Relatives of Patients with Schizophrenia

Purpose: The purpose was to critically review the studies related to burden among relatives of patients with schizophrenic. Objective: The research is done to assess burden of care among relatives of patients with schizophrenia • To Assess the Degree of Caregiver Burden • To determine the factors contributing to burden Design/Methodology/Approach: A variety of secondary sources, such as journals, book chapters, conference proceedings, and other web pages, were used to compile the literature for this investigation. Every study has been thoroughly examined and summarized. It is also used to determine the gaps in the field and research objectives. Findings/Results: All recent study’s findings and constraints have been carefully considered. Each work's results have been closely scrutinized, and the reason for the gap has also been thoroughly investigated. Originality/Value: The goal of this manuscript is to review the pertinent research that has previously written. It also includes secondary information obtained from various online sources, such as websites, technical book chapters, conference papers, and research journals. The selected papers were all relevant to the intended work, up to date, and published by reliable publishers. A genuine attempt is made to select a research topic and carry out the investigation. Paper type: Review Paper.

Best practices for publishing in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Scientists, engineers, and practitioners all have good reasons to publish in technical journals such as The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA), and so need to understand the procedures and best practices involved in doing so. While JASA has a technical focus in acoustics, it is also similar to other journals in many aspects of its writing and procedural requirements. We will address both the “business communication” and technical content aspects of journal writing. We will also stress some of the standard rules and protocols of journal writing, such as (1) polite and professional communications; (2) following specific journal requirements; (3) quoting and citing appropriately; (4) responding to comments from editors and reviewers; (5) complying with ethical standards and journal policies, etc. Useful references will be supplied to help with particular topics.

A fronteira do carvão: siderurgia e floresta em Minas Gerais (Brasil) no século XX

Abstract Focusing on the charcoal-fired steel industry in the Doce River Valley (rural eastern Brazil), this article sets out to understand the relationship between industrial-scale mining and the transition from iron factories to large steel mills. At the same time, it addresses the further destruction of the Atlantic Forest. Studies on the steel industry that highlight the pressure exerted on the Atlantic Forest by charcoal plants are almost nonexistent, however. Turning to technical reports, official statistics, journals, and other media sources and centering attention on Belgo-Mineira company, it highlights a set of data that enables us to measure the impacts of the charcoal-fired steel industry on forests. In order to get a deep insight, the main aim was to estimate the amount of forest extraction to serve the steel industry from 1936 to 1954. The data from this research show that the charcoal-fired steel industry gave a distinctive cast to the phenomenon of the agricultural frontier.

Indian-African Cooperation in Science and Technologies

At the present time, when technology “rules the world”, it is important for Africa to master scientific and technological progress, to make a “leap” in the development of science and technology, which will contribute to economic recovery, employment growth, and income growth. The article summarizes and analyzes information about the places that India and African countries hold in the global ranking of innovative economies. India, as one of the leaders in the export of information and communication technology services, possessing advanced science and technology clusters, ranked 40th, according to the Global Innovation Index (GII) for 2022. Of the African countries, only Mauritius (45th place) made it into the top 50, while the top 100 also included South Africa, Morocco, Tunisia, Botswana, Kenya, Egypt, Ghana, Namibia, Senegal. According to the World Bank, research and development spending (% of GDP) in Africa varies greatly. For the period from 2015 to 2020, the minimum value of this indicator was noted in Mauritania 0.01%, and the maximum in Egypt – 0.96%. At the same time, Rwanda, Tunisia, South Africa, and Mauritius demonstrate the highest values among African countries, along with Egypt. In terms of the number of articles in scientific and technical journals, China and the USA lead the world, followed by India. Among African countries, the leaders are Egypt, South Africa, Nigeria. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that India has made a significant contribution to cooperation with African countries in the field of scientific and technological progress. Since 1964, the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation Program has been operating, a program for providing developing countries with technical assistance and assistance in training specialists. In 2009, the Pan-African E-Network Project was launched to bridge the digital divide in Africa. India has established IT centers in South Africa, Egypt, Morocco, Lesotho, Ghana, Namibia and Tanzania; CGARD Technology Center in Madagascar; vocational training centers in Ethiopia, Rwanda, Burundi, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Zimbabwe and Egypt. Thus, India and Africa are cooperating in the field of education, science, medicine, digital technologies, agriculture, development of alternative energy sources. At the same time, it is necessary to more actively expand cooperation between India and Africa in the field of innovation and technology, which will undoubtedly be beneficial for both parties and serve the interests of the Indian and African peoples.

Efficacy and mechanism of nourishing yin and purging fire therapy for central precocious puberty based on meta-analysis and network pharmacology.

Central precocious puberty (CPP) is due to the early activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, and its incidence is on the rise. A number of studies have shown that nourishing yin and purging fire (NYPF) therapy can be beneficial for CPP. Therefore, we conducted this review to investigate the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of NYPF therapy for CPP. Electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wan-fang Database, and China Scientific Technical Journals Database and 2 platforms including Clinical Trials and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were searched for randomized controlled trials of NYPF therapy for CPP. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 17.0 software. The core herb pair of NYPF was identified by data mining using IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0 software. The active ingredients and targets of the core herb pair were obtained through the TCMSP database. The main targets of CPP were acquired form the GeneCards, Disgenet and TTD databases. A protein-protein interaction network was carried out to select the core genes by using STRING platform and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. Metascape platform was used to conduct gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis. The results were verified utilizing molecular docking. A total of 23 studies were included. Meta-analysis shows the NYPF therapy could significantly improve the clinical efficacy rate and secondary sexual indicators (uterine volume, ovarian volume, breast nucleus diameter, follicular diameter), reduce TCM syndrome scores and serum sex hormone (FSH, LH, E2), and slow down bone age maturation compared to GnRHa therapy group. In addition, NYPF therapy was safe and has no obvious adverse events. Data mining revealed that the core herb pair of NYPF was "Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu) - Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (Huangbai)." Network pharmacology predicted that quercetin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, etc were the key components of Zhimu-Huangbai for treating CPP. The core targets were TP53, JUN, AKT1, ESR1, TNF, IL6, CCND1, MAPK1, BCL2, EGFR, IL1B, and PTGS2. They played a pivotal role in modulating multiple signaling pathways, such as Endocrine resistance, MAPK signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. This article revealed that NYPF therapy is effective and safe against CPP. The mechanism of the core herb pair of NYPF therapy for CPP through muti-components, muti-targets and muti-pathways.

Effects of Globalization on the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Manufacturing Sector in Zambia: A Case of Sperior Milling Company Ltd., Sobi Industries Ltd., Bimbe Trading Company Ltd., Dulux Zambia, Phillips Specialized Systems Ltd., Tiger Ani

Observations that have been made on the impact of globalization on certain sectors of Zambia’s economy have attracted the attention of various researchers on the subject of globalization. This study centered on the effects of globalization on the manufacturing sector in Zambia. The was carried out on the seven Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and the Zambia Development Agency (ZDA). The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods to sample respondents. The research used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained using closed–ended questionnaires while secondary data was collected using the Internet, journals, and, textbooks. Secondary data was obtained from various sources such as government publications, technical and trade journals, public records, diaries, letters, biographies, or work. Also, this study adopted a case study design that used multiple sources of evidence to analyze and evaluate specific phenomena or instance. Frequency tables, graphs, figures and pie-charts were used to analyze the qualitative and quantitative data. Data was also analyzed by the use of software; Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 26) and Microsoft Excel (version 16). The study revealed that due to the use of improved technology in the manufacturing sector, globalization has enabled the SMEs to develop sufficient, reliable and modern infrastructure. This has contributed to increased production. The findings also indicated that there has been improved accessibility by SMEs to formal funding or finances. Quality of goods produced by SMEs has been enhanced as competitive indicators and quality assurance. The study therefore recommended that appropriate strategies, such as developing networking relationships with other firms, must be carefully designed and implemented in order to take advantage of global market opportunities and minimize the challenges from increasing competitive intensity. Furthermore, there is need for SMEs to embrace technology to streamline processes, increase efficiency, stay competitive, and consider e-commerce platforms for online sales if relevant to your industry.

Refreshed academic viewpoint on patient data ownership in digital health context

Abstract Background Digital health involves generating and communicating large sensitive patient data sets. There is significant potential in its applications, but also some impediments. Our previous study showed that ownership of patient data is a problem in digital health context, not fully understood and often neglected. However, in the last two years, increased attention to this issue is observed and we aim to find if the medical academic community changed its viewpoint on patient data ownership in the context of digital health. Methods Our previous study (2014-2020) identified 27 relevant to the problem articles. A comprehensive search of PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus, performed between January 2021 and April 2023, identified 21 appropriate full-text publications focused on patient data ownership (problem) in digital health (context). Research questions included scientific area of publication, perception and aspects of ownership, possible solutions. Results The publications are in medical and public health (43%), digital health and medical informatics (29%), technical (19%), law and ethics (9%) journals; 71% with impact factor; authored by 38% EU, 24% USA, 9% UK, 9% Brazilian academicians. The majority (86%) are in the area of medical research - access, control, patient data sharing and use, secondary and passive data use, registries, AI, wearables, sensors; ethical challenges to digital health; 90% still perceive ownership as a challenge, arising in relation to medical research and data generated from the IoT, wearables, sensors, apps and social media. All publications discuss ownership in ethical and legal aspects and find the solution in proper legislation. Conclusions Digital health with its huge amounts of generated data brings forward the overlooked issue of patient data ownership as a challenge to medical research. Academic attention is rising, and addressing this challenge requires the combined efforts of all stakeholders for suitable amendments in the legislation. Key messages • Ownership of patient data in the context of digital health is a problem, especially for medical research, that should not be neglected and needs a comprehensive attitude from all stakeholders. • Proper legislation concerning patient data ownership may help in improving international academic medical and public health research, healthcare services, and the health of the population as a whole.

The role of rootstocks for grape growing adaptation to climate change. Meta-analysis of the research conducted in Spanish viticulture

Rootstock election is one of the key decisions when designing a vineyard. Although the research performed to determine the effect they induce in the behaviour of scion varieties is not scarce, it is not easy to have a global idea, as results are usually published scattered. In this work, we re-examine previous research conducted in Spain on rootstock implications on vine agronomic performance through the performance of a meta-analysis (MA). As a result, we were able to integrate the information reported in 20 articles that included rootstock experimentation conducted with 36 different varieties and 47 different rootstocks, totalling 764 individual records. However, when the information was filtered before the meta-analysis, this number decreased to 312 records, for which rootstock Response Ratios (RR) were calculated. The characteristics conferred by the rootstock were more closely related to the rootstock itself, rather than to the characteristics of the Vitis sp. crossing used to create the rootstock. Several rootstocks were identified as more suitable for adapting to future climate change conditions, as far as they were able to moderate sugar accumulation and pH (161-49 C, 41-B MGt and 420A MGt). Meanwhile, 140 Ru and 5-BB were observed to provide high pH and sugar contents despite their high yield. In conclusion, despite being based on data from a single country, the meta-analysis was shown to be a useful tool for enhancing the value of previous research on rootstocks. Combining articles from both peer-reviewed and technical journals helped in the assessment of the implications of different rootstocks, although further steps should be taken to facilitate data integration (harmonisation of measurement and reporting procedures, open data repositories, etc).

Case analyses of fraudulent citation in scientific and technical journals and suggestions on editing work

This paper analyzes the fraudulent citation cases, helps the editorial department to judge this improper citation behavior, and gives some specific suggestions for editing work. Taking the fraudulent citation of two Science Citation Index (SCI) English journals in China as examples, this paper analyzes the cases in detail, comments on the measures taken by the editorial department, discusses the responsibility of stakeholders involved in the academic misconduct of fraudulent citation from the perspective of responsibility ethics, and finally gives suggestions for the editorial department and the individual editor. The implementation of fraudulent citation is hidden, and it is difficult for the editorial department to find it, so it is hard to collect relevant cases. After the occurrence of fraudulent citation cases, the editorial department will deal with them according to the degree of damage to scientific journals, and usually keep a cautious attitude and try to deal with them internally. Reference citation belongs to the author's "private land", and citation motivation is complicated. Incentive measures, awards, and other interest factors lead to frequent academic misconduct. Therefore, the prevention and governance of fraudulent citation problems need authors, journals, and editors to make joint efforts to fulfill their respective responsibilities.

Platform ecosystem research in the technology and innovation management discipline: a multi-method literature review

PurposeIn parallel with the rising importance of innovation and digital technologies, research on platform ecosystems is rapidly accumulating. This study aims to summarize the current research published in leading technical and innovation management (TIM) journals and provide recommendation for future research.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors combine multiple quantitative literature review methods (social network analysis, citation analysis and co-citation analysis) with a systematic literature review of articles published in the 13 most influential TIM journals over a 15-year period.FindingsThe citation network of 168 selected papers is sparse, with low network density indicating the emerging nature of the field. Using network centrality values, the authors identified the 33 most influential articles. The review of methodologies in these articles found that conceptual and case study research dominate, suggesting the need for additional confirmatory and quantitative analysis. Co-citation analysis of the references identified six research clusters: foundation, network-centric innovation, complementor management, platform competition, ecosystemsand product platforms.Originality/valueThis analysis is among the first to examine the knowledge structure of platform ecosystem research in the TIM domain by using multiple evidence-based analysis methods. The authors also apply the theory, context, characteristics and methodology framework to suggest areas for future research.

Trends in voice characteristics in patients with heart failure (VENTURE) in Switzerland: Protocol for a longitudinal observational pilot study.

Heart Failure (HF) is a major health and economic issue worldwide. HF-related expenses are largely driven by hospital admissions and re-admissions, many of which are potentially preventable. Current self-management programs, however, have failed to reduce hospital admissions. This may be explained by their low predictive power for decompensation and high adherence requirements. Slight alterations in the voice profile may allow to detect decompensation in HF patients at an earlier stage and reduce hospitalizations. This pilot study investigates the potential of voice as a digital biomarker to predict health status deterioration in HF patients. In a two-month longitudinal observational study, we collect voice samples and HF-related quality-of-life questionnaires from 35 stable HF patients. Patients use our developed study application installed on a tablet at home during the study period. From the collected data, we use signal processing to extract voice characteristics from the audio samples and associate them with the answers to the questionnaire data. The primary outcome will be the correlation between voice characteristics and HF-related quality-of-life health status. The study was reviewed and approved by the Cantonal Ethics Committee Zurich (BASEC ID:2022-00912). Results will be published in medical and technical peer-reviewed journals.

The Use of Digital Technology for COVID-19 Detection and Response Management in Indonesia: Mixed Methods Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a greater use of digital technologies as part of the health care response in many countries, including Indonesia. It is the world's fourth-most populous nation and Southeast Asia's most populous country, with considerable public health pressures. The aim of our study is to identify and review the use of digital health technologies in COVID-19 detection and response management in Indonesia. We conducted a literature review of publicly accessible information in technical and scientific journals, as well as news articles from September 2020 to August 2022 to identify the use case examples of digital technologies in COVID-19 detection and response management in Indonesia. The results are presented in 3 groups, namely (1) big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning (technologies for the collection or processing of data); (2) health care system technologies (acting at the public health level); and (3) COVID-19 screening, population treatment, and prevention population treatment (acting at the individual patient level). Some of these technologies are the result of government-academia-private sector collaborations during the pandemic, which represent a novel, multisectoral practice in Indonesia within the public health care ecosystem. A small number of the identified technologies pre-existed the pandemic but were upgraded and adapted for current needs. Digital technologies were developed in Indonesia during the pandemic, with a direct impact on supporting COVID-19 management, detection, response, and treatment. They addressed different areas of the technological spectrum and with different levels of adoption, ranging from local to regional to national. The indirect impact of this wave of technological creation and use is a strong foundation for fostering future multisectoral collaboration within the national health care system of Indonesia.

Hundred years of geophysics (1834–1933)

Geophysics is relatively a new discipline in comparison to physics or geology. Contrary to general perception as an ancillary to geology, the discipline has been developed with a distinct focus of using the principles and methods of physics for the earth processes. Geophysics was born in the nineteenth century as a necessary element of theoretical geography. Academicians and researchers in the field of geography played chief roles from its birth to its present level of maturity. Historical scholarship in this paper provides an account of the development of the discipline over hundred years from its inception in the early nineteenth century. The article covers, how the discipline was conceptualised and what necessary steps were taken, such as establishing learned societies, publishing technical journals and text books, endowing university chairs, opening up departments and course curriculum, and most importantly, appearing as a primary discipline to cater to exploration for mineral resources.

ГЕНДЕРНАЯ НЕЙТРАЛЬНОСТЬ В РУССКОЯЗЫЧНОМ НАУЧНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

This article is supposed to prove an assumption that scientific and technical texts in academic discourse are void of gender specificities which get neutralized. The scientific novelty of the study is in survey and description of discursive gender means in scientific and technical articles, identification of gender-neutral language means equally used by both men and women in scientific texts. The proposed study reflects the linguistic features of achieving gender neutrality in scientific texts written by men or women. The study is aimed at more careful thought of gender neutrality and gender markedness of discourse. The data for study is the texts of articles presented in the journal of “ Current Issues of Oil and Gas”( The I.M. Gubkin Institute of Oil and Gas Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences) schedulized in the List of peer-reviewed scientific publications of the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia. The journals publish the scientific achievements in the oil and gas industry. The read out included texts from 2009 till 2022. In total, 60 texts of scientific and technical articles written both by men and women have been analyzed. A comparative method is used to draw an analogy between similar phenomena presented by authors of different genders; a componential analysis ; discourse-analytic approaches for pointing out sustained discursive formulae in scientific discourse. The article presents institutional features of the scientific discourse, articulates the concepts of gender markedness and gender neutrality. The characteristic linguistic properties of the gender neutrality in the scientific discourse are revealed. The discursive and lexico-grammatical analyses of the scientific and technical texts written both by men and women extracted a trend to neutralization of gender in scientific discourse. Gender markedness of the discourse is specified through either implicit or explicit linguistic gender properties. The gender neutrality of the scientific discourse is meant the usage of discursive formulas and lexical units which do not indicate the communicators’ gender parameters. The survey of scientific articles published in technical journals demonstrated zero gender differences in scientific discourse between male and female authors’ texts. Thus, according to research carried out Russian scientific discourse is specified by a consistent trend in gender neutralization which is proved by a lack of gender marked discursive and linguistic means pointing at gender properties of the authors. A scientific article as a genre of scientific discourse contains specific evaluative vocabulary used by both men and women. Although scientific functional style is void of expressive means the research points out a tendency to use colloquial expressions, idiomatic units and also descriptive-representational devices such as metaphors and adjectives in superlative degree. Directions for future research are seen in the development of a universal for different discourses gender model.

Эпистемологические традиции в современной российской философии

“Gnoseology” and “epistemology”, two terms widely used in the theory of cog­nition, have a history of use for about hundred years. During this time, they were interpreted very differently. In world philosophy, the first term is considered obsolete, and understanding of the second has developed in connection with the great interest in scientific knowledge. In Russia, the first term is much more common due to its use in dialectical materialism and official ideology, while the second has become widespread in the last fifty years due to the influence of works and translations in the field of philosophy of science. The paper’s authors take into account the current practice and propose to use the term “gnoseology” to describe the theory of cognition, built on the maximum abstrac­tion of the subject, and to use the term “epistemology” in the theory of cognition with a reduced level of abstraction of the subject, a level that takes into account such social characteristics of the subject as its communicativeness and values. In gnoseology, these components were either not studied, or they were fought with as unscientific and acceptable only in everyday knowledge. Despite the de­velopment of philosophical concepts of the sociality of the subject in the theory of cognition, in real technoscience the model of the most abstract mind is still very widely used, which is reflected, first of all, in the content and rhetoric of scientific papers. The paper provides examples from modern scientific texts published in high-ranking technical journals. It is concluded that the exceptional use the abstract representation of the subject prevents the scientists from formu­lating and realizing the current acute problems of their sciences.