Analysis Of Technical Condition Research Articles

Analysis of Technical Condition of Cars in Western Poland: A Study Based on Selected Indicators

(1) Background: Ensuring road user safety relies on the optimal technical condition of cars, addressing both active and passive safety measures. In Poland, vehicle regulations, articulated in the Minister of Infrastructure’s decree of 31 December 2002, establish technical prerequisites and necessary equipment. For this purpose, the main question was: What is the current technical condition of cars on the road in Western Poland? (2) Methods: A total of 1067 vehicles were tested, reflecting a maximum error of 3% in a population of 20 million cars. Tests were conducted at the diagnostic station from 1 October 2022 to 30 September 2023. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATISTICA software. (3) Results: Periodic technical tests yield insights into passenger car safety standards in western Poland. The application of formulated characteristics allows a comprehensive evaluation, providing valuable information on the overall safety condition of inspected vehicles. The vehicles in Poland have an average age exceeding 14 years, and their average mileage is 168,000 km. (4) Conclusions: The examination uncovered various technical defects and provided statistical interpretations, unequivocally demonstrating that these identified issues have the potential to impact traffic safety. Such studies act as a reference point for other researchers addressing the broader issue of road traffic.

Optimizing the CO2 capture and removal process to recover energy and CO2 from the flue gas of boilers and gas turbines outlet with considering the techno-economic analysis

This research aims to evaluate, simulate, and model the CO2 capture process for removing CO2 from the flue gas outlet flow of boilers and gas turbines. To the best of the knowledge Aspen HYSYS was employed to simulate these processes, enabling the analysis of technical conditions and evaluation of the problems and advantages associated with various designs from a technical perspective. Additionally, Aspen Capital Cost Estimator (ICARUS) was utilized for economic analysis.Initially, the CO2 capture process was examined for the removal of CO2 in the flue gas outlet flows of gas turbines and boilers. Subsequently, the process was simulated in the software to explore different optimal modes. Moreover, the feasibility of using a compressor, blower, ejector, and a combination of ejector and compressor was considered so as to provide the necessary pressure for absorption. Finally, the optimal design was selected, and more detailed studies were conducted on its absorption process, taking into account major variables. Among the important factors affecting absorption, were the number of trays, diameter, height, the amount of inlet gas and amine flow rate entering from the top of the tower, as well as the inlet gas pressure.

Forecasting methods of intelligent systems technical condition analysis

Modern information processing and control systems reached the level that makes it possible to use detailed information on device and human nervous system functioning. Using a cognitive psychological approach in intelligent systems development, allowed them to imitate human nervous system functions. The development of increasingly powerful intelligent information and control systems with learning and self-learning, including information and measuring systems, is expected as a result.
 They will have enhanced cognitive capabilities due to the stimulation of cognitive functions and processes responsible for perception, learning, thinking, and consciousness in the human nervous system.
 Development of this field allows to develop intelligent systems with thinking and behaviour analysis elements. Adding some creative possibilities, for example, related to automatic hypotheses and models creation and self-learning for new task solving, allows to improve the efficiency of intelligent systems.
 Due to this new approaches to the artificial brain and the artificial nervous system of robots development, which relate not only to artificial intelligence but also to its development in the form of an artificial mind.
 Thus, the main scientific and development task for models, methods, methodics, and algorithms for intelligent systems technical condition forecasting based on soft computing is important and relevant for science and practice.
 Intelligent technologies allowing to develop useful intelligent systems are continuously being improved. Currently, quite powerful tools for implementing the technology of expert systems, fuzzy logic, neural network systems, and multi-agent systems technology are used. They are rapidly improved by adding software packages and hardware tools.
 New technologies are being developed in the so-called neuromorphic systems field that models some brain structures and in the parallel computing and quantum computers field. These technologies aim to raise significantly the intelligence level of systems in the future.

Оперативная оценка технического состояния стальных канатов по данным магнитной дефектоскопии

A combined approach to the prompt analysis of technical condition of steel wire ropes of various functions is proposed. It is based on the bearing capacity (strength) criterion and the magnetic testing results. The principals are stated related to the strength assessment of degraded rope with measured local wire breaks and loss of metallic area due to corrosion (abrasion). After processing the received diagnostic charts the strength analysis is performed by means of appropriate mechanical model in terms of weak element hypotheses used in structure mechanics. Stress analysis gives the conservative strength estimates which will be referred to reliability margin. The stress safety factor is evaluated regarding the steady and cyclic loading. Because the measured data are of random nature and do not account for the distribution of faults at cross-section the statistical modeling of wear location over wires is performed. The total strength decrease is determined by superposition of strength reduction due to metallic area loss, and due to the wire breaks. Thus, the stress safety factor is considered as a probabilistic indicator of the state of the rope strength. The rope in service should be discarded if its stress safety factor becomes less than the empirical allowable strength factor which defines the rope margin of survival capability as a partially worn-out structure. Adjusted for regulatory disposal rules, three categories of worn rope condition are considered: serviceable, with a limited service life, and inoperative. These categories are presented by the green-yellow-red ranges at so-called «rope status map» in specified coordinates «Number of wire breaks — Loss of metallic section». The rope bearing capacity is promptly assessed by placing two mentioned testing data in corresponding position at the status map. An example is given related to the assessment of the status map for the load-carrying cable rod of the well pumping unit. Based on the obtained results the recommendations are formulated for application of the rope status maps as the templates for service personnel concerning further operation.

EVALUATION OF FIRE IMPACTED RAISED SLABS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN LVIV AND THEIR REINFORCEMENT

The research and analysis of technical conditions, deflections, and bearing capacity of subjected to fire impact reinforced concrete slabs of raised “panel per room” typical design model 1-480a of a five-storey residential building in Lviv are present. A study of the technical condition of floor structures in the area of high temperatures. In the area of intense fire a decrease in the bearing capacity and rigidity of the shelf of the tent floor slab under the action of high temperatures was found. Due to the fire impact, the thin plate of raised panel slabs completely loses load-bearing capacity, with large sagging deflections, caused by the plastic elongation of the wire reinforcement due to the action of high temperature. The developed design of the reinforcement of the riced plate slab is considered.

The lasting quality of road bridges steel-reinforced concrete superstructures on the way to renovation

The article presents constructive technological aspects of the reconstruction of steel-reinforced concrete superstructures of road bridges, based on projects developed by the «Bridges and Foundation Engineering» department, currently known as «Roads». These projects have been implemented on actual transportation infrastructure objects in the Far East region. The article provides data reflecting the condition of the reconstructed superstructures in terms of defects in the reinforced concrete slab of the passage, along with an analysis of these defects. It also presents fundamental considerations regarding measures aimed at ensuring the stability of beams during the reconstruction process. The article provides data on the years of construction, repair, and reconstruction of bridge structures, which can be used to draw conclusions about the service life of superstructures, taking into account the reconstruction measures implemented. The effectiveness of the proposed constructive measures is also demonstrated, as they extend the operational capacity and service life of the superstructure. The technical condition analysis of steel-reinforced concrete bridges focuses on improving the structural and technological solutions of the project, such as modernizing connecting elements and replacing worn-out slabs with new reinforced concrete or orthotropic ones. This approach is contrasted with organizational and technological measures that are part of preventive, planned maintenance work aimed at maintaining the working condition and effectiveness of constructive proposals in restoring consumer properties of steel-reinforced concrete bridges superstructures and bridge structures in general. The information presented in the article indicates the effectiveness of technological interventions, as opposed to passive, organizational, and technological measures as part of scheduled preventive work that does not have a significant effect on increasing the load capacity of the superstructure.

Effectiveness of Neural Fault Detectors of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Trained With Symptoms From Field-Circuit Modeling

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are increasingly used in industrial drive applications. However, these motors can also undergo various failures, causing production line downtime and resulting in economic loss. Modern diagnostic systems allow the analysis of technical conditions based on a dataset containing fault symptoms. In most cases, the development of diagnostic patterns indicates the necessity for interference in motor mechanical construction. This fact speaks to the use of mathematical models, particularly those based on finite-element methods. This study investigated the possibility of fault classification using self-organizing Kohonen maps and a multilayer perceptron, based on training with data from a field-circuit model. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that such neural systems can detect and classify real motor faults under different operating conditions. Research has focused on stator-winding faults, demagnetization, and mixed faults. Experimental tests demonstrated the impressive diagnostic capability of the shallow neural networks developed for diagnostic tasks.

КОРРЕКТИРОВКА ПОДАЧИ ТОПЛИВА В СИСТЕМЕ COMMON RAIL ПРИ ДИАГНОСТИРОВАНИИ ДВИГАТЕЛЯ АВТОМОБИЛЯ

Analysis of technical condition of diesels with accumulator Common Rail power supply system shows that the largest share of fuel equipment failures is associated with malfunction of high-pressure fuel injectors. The electronic engine control unit generates commands for biphasic fuel injection from each injector. Due to the wear of the injector elements, there is an uneven fuel supply to the engine cylinders and, as a rule, deterioration of its operation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in studying the process of adjusting the fuel supply in the Common Rail system when diagnosing the engine of a Ford Transit vehicle. (Materials and methods) The most relevant method of commissioning Common Rail fuel system injectors are various service procedures, such as the Low Injection Training procedure. Authors used a scanner and appropriate software to estimate total fuel delivery at idle mode. Authors performed the study on a 2.4 liter Duratorq diesel engine. (Results and discussion) The article presents the engine parameters before and after adjustment (Small Injection Procedure). Before adjustment, two cylinders of the engine received more fuel than the other cylinders. It manifests in an increase in crankshaft speed. After the adjustment, the fuel supply to the cylinders was equalized, resulting in an equalization of crankshaft RPM, reduced vibration and noise. (Conclusions) The study showed that fuel adjustment and Low Injection Training should be a must for engine diagnostics. Correction is effective if the value of injection discrepancy is no more than 5 mg/stroke.

Analysis of technical condition and development of practical recommendations to improve the reliability of steam turbine control system

Questions of ensuring reliability and safety of operation of complex technical systems are relevant during the operation of power equipment of thermal plant (TPP). The paper presents a generalized statistical analysis of defects and damages over the past 15 years in the control systems of steam turbines of types ET (extraction turbine) and IET (industrial extraction turbine), with an installed capacity of 50 to 135 MW. As a result of the calculation study, the main cause-and-effect relationships of the resulting defects that lead to an emergency stop of the turbines were identified. This paper presents the results of the analysis of defects in steam turbine control systems and provides recommendations for eliminating and preventing unplanned downtime due to an emergency shutdown of turbine units.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCIDENT RISK AND CALCULATION OF THE FAILURE PROCESSES IN TERMS OF THE EARTH DIKE OF A TAILING DAM

A problem of the operational reliability and safety of both tailing dams and sludge collectors of the industri-al wastes has been considered. Dangers and threats due to the emergency situations have been demonstrated in terms of the world and national experience of the operation of such objects. Certain irrelevance of modern regula-tory conditions of the environmental and technogenic safety provision during the operation of those objects has been emphasized. That is caused mainly by the fact that the collectors were designed and constructed in the last century; moreover, the threats are possible due to their long-term operations without proper engineering and technical maintenance. The research has been carried out involving the conventional methods. Preliminary visual and instrumental diagnostic inspections of the object conditions have been performed; mathematical calculations have been carried out; analytical analysis has been applied. Analysis of technical conditions and accident risks in terms of the earth border dike of a tailing dam has been proposed in the context of the object in Dnipropetrovsk region. It has been identified that under current operating conditions, that hydrotechnical structure has potential-ly hazardous sites of landslide formations and collapsing of the downstream side due to the filtration defor-mations. Threat degree λ=0.647 and vulnerability degree νу=0.333 of the object have been specified on the basis of the conventional methodologies. According to the principle of intersections of those events, integral evaluation of accident risk R=0.215 has been defined which corresponds to the decreased safety level of the object operation. Calculation and modeling of the probable development of the earth dike failure have been performed. General indices of the duration of hydrodynamic accident and parameters of the washout formation in the structure body have been identified. Overall time for the tailing dam emptying is about 6 hours. The obtained results can be the basis to provide reliability and safety of the trailing dam operation during the forecasting of accident risks and failure consequences. Compulsory elaboration of the documentation concerning evaluation of the environmental impacts of both tailing dams and slurry collectors has been highlighted. The documentation should include calcu-lations of probable accidents and provide action plan as for the hydrodynamics accident within the tail bay. Keywords: earth dike, tailing dam, hydrodynamic accident, integral risk evaluation.

Methodology of complex analysis of tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets are used in production, provision of services, renting and for administrative purposes. Various internal and external information users are interested in this type of assets. With regards to the significance of such assets, it is very important to carry out their detailed analysis. The article recommends a methodology of complex analysis of tangible fixed assets that consists of the following stages: 1) compositional analysis; 2) structural and dynamic analysis; 3) change analysis; 4) technical condition analysis; 5) usage analysis; 6) profitability analysis. Application of this methodology allows one to objectively assess the condition of the tangible fixed assets and make management decisions in order to use them better and improve the enterprise's activity results.

Diagnostics of the ice on the strike protection wire

The relevance of the research problem is chose of effective technology of strike protection wire monitoring in span with use of technical system of analysis of technical condition of strike protection wire of 110 kV voltage power line for complex assessment of the impact of both external climatic factors from wind and ice loads and the magnitude of the thermal elongation of the strike protection wire with influence of current during de-icing process. Analysis of the strike protection wire mode and their limiting values of mechanical strength allow evaluation of the effectiveness of events of prevent of accidents and reduce the undersupply of electricity to the end consumers. Visualization of the operative parameters of the strike protection wire in the span of the overhead power line will allow reduce the time to make decisions on the prevention of accidents of lines. Algorithm of monitoring of operative parameters of wires of overhead power lines base on information of longitudinal and transverse angles received from sensors installed directly on the strike protection wire.

Analysis of Technical Condition of Local Roads Drainage in the Czestochowa Region

Abstract Local roads (district and municipal) play an important role in the road network, especially in rural areas. In recent years, these roads have been largely repaired, which was often associated with the construction of new infrastructure. One of the basic conditions of maintaining the quality of road works is the proper construction or renewal of drainage devices. Errors in this area result in lower durability of the road pavement. It is equally important to maintain these devices later in a good technical condition, which requires spending appropriate funds from local government budgets. The aim of the study presented in the article was to determine the current technical condition of drainage of local roads in the Czestochowa region and to identify the most frequent design and implementation errors, resulting in a rapid loss of functionality of drainage devices. They were based mainly on in situ studies carried out in the area of an exemplary rural municipality. Errors resulting in the lack of continuity of drainage, or the danger of a rapid loss of its functionality are shown with real examples. It was found that despite the shortcomings described, in recent years the technical condition of drainage of local roads has improved, which is related to the systematic overhaul of local roads (including the construction of sidewalks) and the local government's perception of the importance of road drainage problem.

ORGANIZATION AND METHODS OF ACCOUNTING OF FIXED ASSETS OF ENTERPRISE AND ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THEIR USE

The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative description of the methods and stages of analyzing the effectiveness of the use of fixed assets in the enterprise management system. Materials and methods. The study used research methods such as monographs and synthesis (when analyzing existing publications), analysis, induction and deduction, comparisons and key components. Research results. Improving the efficiency of the use of fixed assets of enterprises is one of the main issues in today's relations. The financial state of the enterprise and the competitiveness of its products on the market depend on the solution of this problem. Provision of certain rates of development and increase of production efficiency is possible under the condition of intensification of reproduction and better use of existing fixed assets of enterprises. These processes, on the one hand, contribute to the constant maintenance of the proper technical level of each enterprise, and on the other - allow toincrease the volume of production without additional investment resources, to reduce the cost of products by reducing the specific depreciation and costs of maintenance of production and its management, to increase the financial return and profitability. The article is devoted to the comparison of the methods of carrying out the analysis of the efficiency of the use of fixed assets, the different approaches to the calculation of the performance indicators are considered. In addition, it is noted that factor analysis of the return on assets, as a general indicator of the effectiveness of the use of fixed assets, is an important step in any research of fixed assets. It is conducted in two directions: the study of the influence of factors on the change in return on assets, the study of the impact of return on production. The results of the study, namely the increase or decrease in the rate of return on investment and due to what factors, is an important indicator of the directions of improvement of groups of fixed assets and saving of invested funds. The level of return on investment is influenced by various factors related to both the change in output and the efficiency of the use of fixed assets, including their active part. It is important to select factors that are (a) directly related to the level of return on investment and that characterize it both in terms of extensive loading (time loading) of labor tools and their intensity, as well as in terms of their value in the market; b) the set of factors should contain parameters that are quantifiable and can be derived from (or determined from) accounting data. Conclusions. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the most optimal model of the method of carrying out the analysis of fixed assets consists of the following stages: a) analysis of the security of fixed assets (analysis of dynamics, structure and composition, analysis of technical condition and updating of fixed assets); в) the analysis of the efficiency of the use of fixed assets (factor analysis of the return on assets, the analysis of the efficiency of the use of production space and extensive and intensive use of production equipment)

Analysis of technical condition of footbridges over the railways in danger of collapse

The article presents issues related to the maintenance of small engineering structures, such as footbridges over railways. These types of objects, usually are simple both in structure and construction. Design and construction errors usually, do not endanger the safety of the structure, although unrepaired ones may shorten the usability of the object. Particular attention should be paid to the elements of drainage, because effective rainwater management has significant influence to engineering structures usability. Regular inspections should ensure the operation of facilities that allow to avoid excessive deterioration of functional properties or maintaining objects in a proper technical and aesthetic condition. Structural collapses, that took place between 2014 and 2017 constitute only 2.85% [3], which indicates the improvement of quality of both design and implementation. However, it should be noted that maintenance errors are the second cause of structural failures. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize crucial role of people performing periodic inspections of buildings, whose recommendations should be adhered and implemented by facility managers. The article presents examples of two footbridges over railways, that due to improper maintenance were excluded from use. Further operation of these footbridges threatened with construction collapse.

Development and analysis of a new technology of freight cars modernization

Paper contains a report of the part of works conducted in the research and development project concerned with a modernization of freight wagons during their periodic repair. The aim of this research was to obtain better exploitation conditions of freight cars. Two elements of those works are presented: a computer aided analysis of the freight car’s CAD model and results and analysis of the real object elements’ vibrations during exploitation. The aim of numerical analysis was to determine the maximal permitted speed at which the car does not go off the rails. These tests were performed using the “Motion Simulation” module of the software of the CAD/CAE/CAM class Siemens PLM NX. The real freight car’s elements vibration were measured and analysed in order to verify if it is possible to create a mechatronic approach for technical condition analysis of modernized freight cars during their exploitation based on their dynamic response as well as to validate the CAD model of the considered freight car.

Analysis of the technical condition of railway traffic control devices using on Polish railways

The article presents the analysis of the current technical condition of railway traffic control devices. Their technical condition, method of exploitation and maintenance have a significant impact both on the safety, efficiency of railway transport and the process of train movements on railway lines in Poland.

ABOUT DEPTH OF DRAINING ON SALTED LAND

One of the main requirements for reliable operation of pumping units is continuous monitoring, analysis of technical condition and timely troubleshooting. Development of modern and perfect ways to determine the technical status of pumping units to prevent the occurrence of malfunctions. This article presents the results of experimental research carried out in the laboratory on the basis of scientific work. Using the recommended diagnostic system makes it possible to assess the technical condition, improve performance and reduce the cost of repairing pumping units.

DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS OF PUMPING UNITS

One of the main requirements for reliable operation of pumping units is continuous monitoring, analysis of technical condition and timely troubleshooting. Development of modern and perfect ways to determine the technical status of pumping units to prevent the occurrence of malfunctions. This article presents the results of experimental research carried out in the laboratory on the basis of scientific work. Using the recommended diagnostic system makes it possible to assess the technical condition, improve performance and reduce the cost of repairing pumping units.

THE PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING THE TECHNICAL STATE OF ROLLING STOCK ON THE RAILWAYS OF UKRAINE

Purpose. One of the main conditions of the effective and high-quality organization of rail hauling is availability of modern rolling stock. However, the analysis of technical condition confirms its considerable moral and physical deterioration. The main purpose of the article is search of possible ways of improvement of technical condition of the existing car fleet on the railroads of Ukraine. Methodology. The current state of a rail transport not fully meets the modern requirements. For the last decades updating of fixed assets has been provided generally at the expense of own means of the railroads and satisfied the need for capital investments only for 5-6 percent. At the same time, actually since declaration of independence of Ukraine the price growth rates for the products consumed by the railroads exceeded the fare growth rates that did not allow to update in necessary amount and to improve technical condition of the rolling stock. Findings. The article presents the analysis of freight rolling stock of Ukrainian Railways, which showed unsatisfactory condition of the cars. The railway industry today works on the old principles, which do not correspond to the modern world trends in organization of work of railway transport, contribute to the inefficiency of its functioning and impede further development, constraining the inflow of investment to this industry, hamper cooperation with private companies. Insufficient funding and imperfect system of repair and maintenance inhibit the development and reduce the competitiveness of railway transport of Ukraine. However, the implementation of strategic directions of development of the transport sector, a review of the above constraints and using the experience of advanced countries will steer the rail transport out of the crisis. Originality. The authors presented comprehensive consideration of issues to improve the car maintenance system while extending the life of their operation. Practical value. Possible ways to improve the technical condition of rolling stock were researched and proposed. This will allow extending the car lifetime and optimizing the costs of maintenance, depot and major repairs.