Technical Aspects Of Management Research Articles

МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА: СУТНІСТЬ ТА ЕЛЕМЕНТНИЙ СКЛАД

The article is devoted to generalization of views on the essence of management in modern economic conditions. The article presents various views on the content of this phenomenon. The author analyzes the essence of management through the prism of considering definitions by transforming historical views and approaches of modern researchers. The key features of modern management are considered, in particular: a rational combination of the market and government regulation; constant adjustment of the organization's goals; the important role of organizational culture; decentralized management structures; social responsibility to employees and society, etc. The economic, legal, socio-psychological, organizational, and technical aspects of management are also considered. Attention is paid to the laws of organization functioning (law of composition; law of proportionality; law of least; law of ontogeny) and the laws of organization development (law of synergy; law of self-preservation; law of awareness-order; law of unity of analysis and synthesis). The key principles of management are considered both in the historical context and in the modern economic environment. In particular, it is noted that for the formation, functioning and development of an organization, it is necessary to adhere to the basic principles of management: resistance to changes in the environment of the organization's functioning; cost-effectiveness of management; the main vector of management actions is the priority of the consumer and ensuring the long-term development of the organization. The author also describes the functionality of management, primarily through the implementation of general functions according to the formula 4 (planning, motivation, organization, control) + 2 (coordination and regulation) and specific functions (management of finance, personnel, trade and technological processes, labor and wage management, inventory management, etc.) Attention is also paid to the main methods of management. The expediency of a critical rethinking of the existing management principles is considered.

124 The Use of Simulation in Improving Stroke Recognition, Assessment and Management

Stroke remains the second leading cause of death worldwide and an important diagnosis requiring early recognition and action for optimal clinical outcomes which are time dependent The aim of the course was to inform about the local stroke pathways, ensure juniors are comfortable with recognition of stroke and to develop the non-technical skills required in stroke management, thus enabling skill acquisition in a safe environment.An innovative course was created using SimMan 3G with a focus on ensuring high fidelity to overcome the limitations associated with the practical aspect of stroke assessment in a mannequin. Five scenarios were created to last 15 minutes: three of which involved acute stroke diagnosis and two about stroke ‘mimics’. These scenarios included the involvement of a junior doctor, an acting nurse and acting members of the multi-disciplinary team as required. The debrief following each scenario would cover the technical aspects of management and self and group reflections. To add to the fidelity when assessing a mannequin for neurological conditions, we ensured that slurred speech could be mimicked, weakness in the limbs was showcased and facial asymmetry represented with innovative techniques using the mannequin.Two sessions have been delivered involving nine junior doctors and this has been implemented as a regular course for junior doctors and nurses. All attendees felt more confident with stroke recognition, awareness of stroke mimics and of the local pathways when managing patients with acute stroke.The positive feedback received and the outcome that all attendees felt more confident following the course suggest that stroke recognition and management can be learnt using simulation with a focus on the human factors required to optimize patient care. We hope to continue delivering this course to junior doctors rotating through the hospital and hope to open it up to the wider multi-disciplinary team including nursing staff, healthcare assistants and therapists with a focus on recognition and escalation. Dissemination of learning on local pathways and management using simulation is effective and can impact patient care.

Trust in Public Risk Management and Social Dynamics in the Case of Flood Risk

Climate change forces coastal communities exposed to floods to involve residents more actively in risk prevention, notably through official communication including behavioral recommendations. In order to improve prevention impact, this study aims to understand how inhabitants deal with this official information and integrate it into their relation to flood risk. This qualitative study is based on the theoretical postulate that the social dynamics nested in the relations between risk managers and inhabitants contributing to explain inhabitants’ relationship to flood risk. These social dynamics are analysed through the type of trust granted by inhabitants to risk managers and the level of knowledge inhabitants state to have. 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with inhabitants of a coastal city subject to flood hazards, recruited through snowballing method until saturation point. Results suggest that inhabitants who feel that they have little knowledge are prone to display social trust toward risk managers and a positive vision of communications provided on this risk, while those who are aware about floods, endorse a calculating trust based on the technical aspects of management, and eventually a form of distrust about communications delivered by public actors. These types of trust reflect a relation to flood risk embedded in the social space where individuals and groups take positions in social dynamics. In this sense and to be successful, preventive communication should consider not only the actual content of the message but also the social mechanisms that support its interpretation, in particular the trust between the messenger and the receiver.

La selvicoltura delle pinete artificiali di pino nero: analisi delle legislazioni regionali italiane

Abstract: During the last century, afforestation programmes were planned in most of the Italian regions and black pine plantations have represented one of the main public policy effort in mountain areas. The afforestation tecniques has been generally similar throughout Italy, producing nowadays artificial back pine forests showing similar age and structures. Nevertheless, contrasting forestry legislations and decision making both theoretically and technically are adopted at regional scale specifically on black pine forest management. Because of these heterogeneity of laws and regulation, a reference knowledge base can standardise and harmonise the different terms and technical-management aspects often involved in the forestry sector. The aim of this work is to provide a legislative history concerning afforestation at the National level, with a synoptic framework of the current regional forest legislation on the treatment of black pine forests.

Management of Duodenal Atresia in the setting of Congenital Leukemia with Massive Hepatomegaly

Down's syndrome (DS) is associated with duodenal atresia (DA) in about 8-10% of cases. Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder (TMD)/Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is also associated with the trisomy 21 mutation. The occurrence of the two conditions together complicates the diagnosis and surgical management of the DA. We discuss the technical aspects of management of the DA in this clinical setting.

Assessment of neonatal resuscitation performance using video recording in a perinatal centre

To assess the quality of neonatal resuscitation using video recordings in a perinatal centre. Video recording was performed during high-risk deliveries between August 2007 and January 2008. Video recordings of neonatal resuscitations were assessed using a scoring tool previously used to assess resuscitation performance. Qualitative assessments and observations of team function and technical aspects of management were also recorded. Apgar scores documented in the Medical History and those derived from the video record were compared. Twenty video recordings of neonatal resuscitations were assessed. Of the assessed domains; invasive ventilation and administration of surfactant were performed best with median scores of 100%. Performed least well were preparation and initial steps as well as the assessment and communication of heart rate (HR); 69% and 75%, respectively. Apgar scores were overestimated by a median value of 2 points at both 1 and 5 min (P < 0.001). Errors during resuscitation included inadequate oropharyngeal suction, aggressive stimulation, poor communication of heart rate and inadequate non-invasive ventilation. Failure to detect deterioration was also observed. Video recording identified strengths and weaknesses in the performance of neonatal resuscitation and can facilitate targeted education and quality assurance programmes.

Performances zootechniques et pratiques des éleveurs en élevage bovin naisseur à la Réunion

A la Réunion, l’insularité et la petite dimension des exploitations font que l’amélioration de la productivité dans les élevages bovins passe par un accroissement de la maîtrise technique. Afin d’analyser les relations entre les pratiques de conduite et les performances animales, dix élevages bovins nais­seurs situés dans les Hauts de la Réunion ont fait l’objet d’un suivi de 1999 à 2002. Les données collectées ont été organisées en trois tableaux compo­sés respectivement de 4, 8 et 3 variables : les performances animales (inter­valle vêlage-vêlage, taux de mise bas, poids à âge type, production bovine de viande vive), les pratiques (temps de présence à l’hectare et par parcelle, temps d’interpassage, taille des parcelles, chargement, complémentation des broutards et des vaches, taux de réforme) et le milieu (pluviométrie, volume d’herbe, état corporel des vaches). Les deux premiers tableaux ont été soumis à une analyse de co-inertie afin d’analyser les relations entre performances zootechniques et pratiques des éleveurs. Les deux tableaux étaient significa­tivement corrélés et les résultats de l’analyse de co-inertie ont été interprétés à l’échelle de chaque exploitation. Au-delà de contraintes spécifiques, ils ont révélé des proximités entre exploitations et entre modes de conduite fondés sur des stratégies variées en cohérence avec les performances observées. Une analyse Statico a été réalisée afin d’évaluer la liaison entre les paramètres de performances et ceux du milieu pour les quatre années étudiées. Elle a montré qu’il existait une costructure stable entre les tableaux milieu et performances, suggérant un effet très structurant des pratiques sur les performances et l’exis­tence de régulations du système qui modèrent les effets du climat.

PEAR PRODUCTION IN CHILE: SITUATION AND TRENDS

Pear production is concentrated in the central zone of the country (32o-36°33’ S), under temperate climatic conditions. Pear is the fifth largest fruit crop in the Chilean export basket, representing 5% of the planted area of fruit trees (approximately 10 000 ha), 200 000 t of total production in 2003 and a 60% packout for the export market, valued at US $65 207 000. Chile’s pear exports comprise 7% of the world’s pear exports and 22% of the Southern Hemisphere’s exports (average for the years 2001-2002). Fruit is exported mostly to Europe, USA and Latin America. However, because of lower crop profitability, the planted area and total yield have been decreasing since 1991 to an estimated 7 700 ha for the 2003/2004 season, of which 94% are European pear and 95% are mature, bearing orchards. The main cultivar has been ‘Packham’s Triumph’, which represented 55% of the total Chilean pears exported in 2003, followed by ‘Beurre Bosc’ (11%) and other minor cultivars such as ‘Coscia’, ‘Abate Fetel’, ‘D’Anjou’ and ‘Bartlett’. The main problems facing commercial pear production in Chile are low orchard productivity, poor precocity and some quality problems that are being detected in the export market. The aim of this study was to analyse the pear production in Chile, in terms of evolution of the planted area, cultivars and technical management aspects. INTRODUCTION The Chilean fruit industry has developed strongly over the past 30 years. It is characterised by a great diversity of species and varieties and there has been a rapid increase in the fruit exports. In 2001-2002 Chile had approximately 7% of the world’s pear exports and 22% of the Southern Hemisphere’s exports (FAOSTAT, 2003; ODEPA, 2004). Pears are the fifth largest fruit crop in the Chilean export market, planted area covers approximately 10 000 ha, representing 5% of the planted area of fruit trees, and in 2003 the total production was about 200 000 t, comprising an output of 60% for the export market, valued in US$ 65 207 000 (CIREN-ODEPA, 2004; ODEPA, 2004). However, due to low international pear prices and orchard productivity, crop profitability has declined. As a result, ever since 1991, pear cultivation, in terms of planted area has decreased. The aim of this study was to analyse the pear production in Chile, in terms of planted area, varieties and technical management aspects.

Five years of magnetic field management

The authors describe how Con Edison embarked on a technical research program which aimed to: characterize magnetic fields as to intensity and variation in time; and investigate practical means to manage these magnetic fields through currently known methods. The final goal of these research projects is to establish viable methods to reduce magnetic field intensity to desired values at reasonable distances from the sources. This paper summarizes their experiences and shows the results of the specific projects completed in recent years. Their efforts were aimed exclusively toward the technical aspects of management of low frequency magnetic fields, and did not attempt to consider health effects or biological aspects. >

Feminist Theory, Critical Theory, and Management's Romance With the Technical

This article explores action theory, based on critical theory, as a theoretical base for feminist social workers in management positions. Rather than emphasizing the technical aspects of management, action theory focuses on introspection, the reflective use of the self, and choices that are consistent with one's moral beliefs. Similarities be tween action theory and feminist theory are presented to provide feminist managers in patriarchal organizations with an understand ing of how radical action is possible.

Aortic arch thrombosis in the neonate

Thrombotic occlusion of the aortic arch in the neonate is a rare lesion for which successful operative repair with survival beyond the immediate postoperative period has not been previously reported. We report a case in which surgical repair of this lesion with survival was achieved and discuss the diagnostic and technical aspects of management of aortic arch thrombosis in the neonate.