Teats Of Cattle Research Articles

A retrospective study of surgical affections of mammary glands in cattle and buffaloes and their management in the field.

The present retrospective study was conducted from 2003 to 2015 in Egypt to document common surgical affections of the udder and teat in cattle and buffaloes, and determine medical and surgical treatment options that are feasible in a field setting. We diagnosed 19 different surgical affections and classified them into 4 groups according to their location. Teat orifice affections (12.41%) included imperforate teat, contracted teat orifice, enlarged teat orifice, and black spot. Teat cistern affections (23.76%) included teat fistula, dilated teat cistern, teat polypi, and webbed teat. Teat surface affections (50.35%) included sore teat, supernumerary teat, sloughed teat, teat papilloma and fibropapilloma, teat wounds, and teat viral lesions. Udder affections (13.48%) included hypermastia, udder wounds, and suppurative and gangrenous mastitis. In cattle, the number of surgical affections located on the teat surface (20 ± 5.4) was significantly higher compared with other locations as well as compared with buffaloes (P<0.05). No treatment was indicated in 24% of recorded cases. Medical and surgical treatment was indicated in 73.75% of affected animals. Favorable results were achieved with the recommended treatments when applied in the field.

Affections of Udder and Teat in Cattle and Buffaloes

A healthy udder and teat is one of the important parts of the milch animals. Healthy udder produces good-quality milk for human consumption and calf. Udder and Teat affections are most common in milch animals. Proper care of affection of teat and udder is very important for maintenance of animal health. Udder and teat affections always lead to economic loss of dairy man and farmers by decrease milk production, possible loss of quarter, decrease cost of animal and lastly affect the economic value of milch animals. Inflammation of the udder and teat can be occurs due to different injuries and infection like viral, bacterial and fungal. The viral infections like; bovine herpes mammillitis, cowpox and pseudo cowpox, vesicular stomatitis, and fibropapillomas (warts). Other systemic disease that also affects the teats is foot-and-mouth disease. Viral infections vary in their severity, infectivity and frequency of occurrence. Main concept of this article is on the most common viral udder and teat affections which causes by different infections in cattle and buffaloes. Keywords: Affections; Udder; Teat; Wart; Cow and Buffalo

Affections of Udder and Teat in Cattle and Buffaloes

Affections of Udder and Teat in Cattle and Buffaloes

Co-infection of bovine papillomavirus type-1 and -10 in teat warts of dairy cattle

The present study was carried out to investigate the involvement of different bovine papillomaviruses in the teat warts of cattle. A total of 11 teat wart samples showing rice grain-like and small, sessile elevated greyish or flesh-like growths were collected from dairy cattle. DNA was extracted from these teat wart samples and PCR and real time PCR techniques were applied using specific primers for BPV-1 and -10 to detect the presence of viral nucleic acid. PCR revealed the presence of viral DNA of BPV-1 and -10 in three and seven samples, respectively. Quantification using real time PCR revealed that the copy numbers of the viral DNA of BPV-1 and -10 DNA varied from 1.12E + 04 to 2.99E + 04 and 3.56E + 02 to 5.23E + 06, respectively. From the present study it can be concluded that BPV-1 and -10 are involved in production of rice grain-like and sessile elevated growths on the teats of cattle.

Application of ozonated water for sanitizing cow teats and its influence on quality of milk

This study evaluated the efficiency of ozonated water compared with chlorhexidine to disinfect teats of cattle and their influence on milk quality. 48 cows were separated in 2 groups of sanitation: (I) using ozonated water at 2 mg.L -1 for 30s and (II) using 2%(v/v) chlorhexidine for 30s (standard methodology of disinfection). Before and after sanitation, swabs of teat were collected for carry out microbiological analysis. Additionally, after teats sanitation, the milking was performed and the obtained milk were evaluated by microbiological and physico-chemical parameters. The number of decimal reductions (NDR) reached after ozone sanitation was 2.52, 2.09 and 1.50 for aerobic mesophilic, Staphylococcus sp. and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. The use of chlorhexidine promoted NRD of 2.38 (aerobic mesophilic), 2.04 ( Staphylococcus sp.) and 1.16 (Enterobacteriaceae). Therefore, no significant differences were found between NRD caused by chlorhexidine and ozonated water. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the psychrotrophic and aerobic mesophilic counts of the milk obtained after teats sanitation with ozonated water and chlorhexidine. Furthermore, it was observed that only samples obtained from cows treated with chlorhexidine showed the presence of Enterobacteriaceae. There were no changes in the physico-chemical parameters of milk obtained after both treatments. Thus, the ozonated water is a potential substitute of chlorhexidine for cows teats sanitation, resulting in similar microbiological reductions without risks of bacterial resistance development and waste generation.

Breaking strength and elasticity of synthetic absorbable suture materials incubated in phosphate-buffered saline solution, milk, and milk contaminated with Streptococcus agalactiae

To determine in vitro effects of PBSS, milk, and bacteria-contaminated milk (BCM; contaminated by Streptococcus agalactiae) on properties of 3 synthetic absorbable suture materials. 3 types of synthetic absorbable suture materials (poliglecaprone 25, polyglycolic acid, and polydioxanone). Suture materials were tested to determine breaking strength and elasticity before (day 0) and after incubation in 3 media (PBSS, milk, and BCM) for 7, 14, and 21 days. A loop of suture material was elongated at a rate of 60 mm/min until it reached the breaking point. Tensile properties were statistically analyzed among media and incubation times. Incubation in milk and BCM significantly decreased breaking strength and elasticity of poliglecaprone 25, compared with results for incubation in PBSS. Incubation in BCM significantly decreased tensile properties of polyglycolic acid suture, compared with results for incubation in PBSS and milk. After incubation for 21 days, tensile properties of polydioxanone did not differ significantly among the media but were significantly decreased from values on day 0. On the basis of this study, poliglecaprone 25 is an inappropriate suture material for use in teat surgery. Polyglycolic acid suture should be avoided in teats of cattle with mastitis. Of the suture materials tested, polydioxanone was best suited for use in teat surgery, as determined on the basis of material testing after incubation in milk, even when the milk was contaminated with bacteria.

Local tissue temperature: a critical factor in the pathogenesis of bovid herpesvirus 2.

The effect of local tissue temperature on bovid herpesvirus 2 lesions in bovine skin was studied. Two areas of thoracic skin were multiply inoculated with virus and maintained at different temperatures; one above and the other below the rectal temperature of the animal. An entire inoculation site was removed daily from each area and subjected to virus, viral antigen, and interferon titrations and both light and electron microscopic examinations. Lesions in cold skin appeared sooner after inoculation, were larger and deeper, contained more infectious virus, viral antigen, and interferon, and lasted longer than lesions in hot skin. Differences in viral titers greater than 10(9) 50% tissue culture infective doses per gram were measured on postinfection days 5 to 9. These studies have demonstrated for the first time that temperature effects on viral pathogenesis may operate at the local level rather than by systemic modification of immune responses. The results also suggest that despite the presence of virus in internal organs of bovid herpesvirus 2-infected cattle and the ability of bovid herpesvirus 2 to replicate to very high titers in these tissues in vitro, only the skin is cool enough to permit substantial viral replication and dermal lesions in vivo. The observed restriction of bovid herpesvirus 2 skin lesions to the udder and teats of cattle and the restriction of outbreaks of disease to months when the temperature is declining may also be reflections of this temperature sensitivity.

Clinical and parasitological evaluations of levamisole as a treatment for bovine stephanofilariasis

Field trials were carried out with two formulations of levamisole for treatment of chronic inflammatory lesions on the muzzle and teats of cattle, caused by Stephanofilaria okinawaensis in the enzootic area of the disease, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Cattle were treated orally with levamisole hydrochloride (10% powder) at a dose of 7.5 g/100 kg of body weight once (64 cattle) or twice with an interval of 3 or 4 weeks (five cattle each). Lesions on the muzzle and tests disappeared or were reduced within 4 weeks of the first medication. In some cattle a sign of recurrence was observed 8 weeks after medication. Parasitological and histological examinations were carried out 1 week carried out 1 week (10 cattle), 4 weeks (12 cattle), and 8 weeks (13 cattle) after single oral administration of levamisole hydrochloride. No Stephanofilaria worms were detected at 1 week after medication. A small number of worms were detected at 4 weeks and more were observed 8 weeks after medication. A levamisole phosphate solution (18.2%) was injected subcutaneously once into one teat of each of three cattle, or twice into the neck with a 4-week interval between treatments (five cattle). The dose was 2 ml/teat (364 mg of active ingredient) or 2 ml/45 kg of body weight for the side of the neck. There was marked improvement as with oral medication with levamisole hydrochloride powder.

Amputation of the Teat in Cattle

Amputation of the Teat in Cattle