Hansen et al., analysed nearly 140 years of myopia research in Denmark. The prevalence of myopia was not observed to increase, which is in contrast to prediction by WHO reports. A systematic review with meta-analyses by Subhi et al., reveals 13.5% prevalence of Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) in bilateral glaucoma with low visual acuity. Prevalence of CBS was 20.1% for glaucoma patients treated in vision rehabilitation clinics. In addition to low vision, risk factors for CBS were high age, female gender, reduced contrast sensitivity and not living alone. Minaker et al., systematic review with meta-analyses shows that aqueous or vitreous levels of MCP-1, MIG, TGF-β and VEGF are increased in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Nissen et al., studied the effect of orally administered glycerol on anterior chamber depth during cataract surgery in eyes with narrow anterior chambers. Glycerol increased anterior chamber depth and lowers intraocular pressure, but did not affect corneal thickness, pupillary dilation by viscoelastics, operating time or surgical complications. Proteomic analyses by Vaajanen et al., show that cessation of topical glaucoma medication after trabeculectomy was beneficial to the ocular surface. The levels of pro-inflammatory proteins decreased and lipid transport increased throughout the 1-year follow-up. Pärssinen et al., observed that age at baseline was the most significant factor associated with myopic progression. However, at the same age and with the same initial refraction, the Finnish and Singaporean children showed different myopic progression. Authors suggest that parental myopia may be a weak indicator of heredity of myopia. Based on 21-year data, Niinimäki et al., estimated incidence of sebaceous carcinoma to be higher in Finland than in other Western countries. Misdiagnoses are due to confusion with chalazion. Despite angle dysgenesis, the outflow channels with the anterior chamber have a key role in the protection of fellow eye in unilateral primary congenital glaucoma reported by Gupta et al. The ultra-widefield autofluorescence can be a useful non-invasive adjuvant tool to distinguish between retinoschisis, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and their combination according to Navaratnam et al. Pivodic et al., validated the new retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) activity scale (ROP-ActS) in a retrospective cohort of 535 preterm infants. Authors conclude that the modified ROP-ActS could better predict ROP treatment compared with ROP stage and zone. Combined treatment of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal bevacizumab is effective in short-term for type 3 neovascularization based on vascular and structural features reported by Smid et al. Initial treatment with PDT tended to be more effective than observed with bevacizumab in a prospective observational cohort study. Ducloyer et al., report that relative afferent pupillary defect is useful to predict neovascularization in central retinal vein occlusion. Ruiters et al., show three-dimensional design of a geometric model for an ocular prosthesis in ex vivo anophthalmic socket models. Sheikh et al report that photoacoustic imaging of the temporal artery is well tolerated and can be performed without any risk to visual function. Since the spectral signature of the temporal artery is specific it may open new ways to future method development. Meng et al., observed that refractive error and amblyopia were the leading causes of bilateral visual impairment in younger group, while cataract was the primary cause in the older group in rural areas of Tianjin, China. Zheng et al., report that about one in three adults with high myopia had posterior staphyloma, which was associated with increased odds of having myopic maculopathy and a detrimental impact on vision-related quality of life in Singapore. Elahi et al., did not find any significant differences between the long-term safety and efficacy of pattern scanning laser trabeculoplasty and selective laser trabeculoplasty in a Lausanne Laser Trabeculoplasty Registry. Siiskonen et al., observed that the prevalence of paediatric uveitis has increased during the last decade in both genders based on the retrospective, population-based cohort study of Finnish children with uveitis in Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District in 2008–2017. Uveitis was more frequent in girls, and they were diagnosed at a younger age than boys. Idiopathic cases and juvenile idiopathic arthritis accounted for a majority of aetiological features. Van Bentum et al., recommends multidisciplinary management of auto-immune ocular diseases in adult patients by ophthalmologists. Increased systemic matrix Gla protein reveals a poor vascular vitamin-K status in Schnyder cornea dystrophy patients observed by Sarosiak et al. Kusrini et al., suggest that Fe3O4-PEG-Dy2O3 nanocomposites and Dy(OH)3 nanorods loaded onto contact lenses might be effective therapy against Acanthamoeba keratitis. Keidel et al., write that anterior segment OCT is useful method to quantify corneal cystine crystal depositions and utilize it for follow-up of ocular cystinosis and treatment monitoring. Steinberg et al., analysed the vision-related quality of life (vr-QoL) in stable and progressive keratoconus (KC) patients with a still good visual acuity. Progressive KC rather than early KC patients with a stable disease showed decreased vr-QoL, which did not improve after corneal cross-linking. Zhang et al., observed that the tear film lipid layer thickness is correlated with duration of diabetes and becomes significantly thinner one month after cataract surgery, leading to the aggravation of dry eye symptoms. According to Wang et al., bulk emulsification of the SiOil is not responsible for droplet formation in a vitrectomized SiOil-filled eye set-up. The optical intensity of ellipsoid zone detected by OCT can serve as a biomarker for early detection of photoreceptor degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa observed by Gong et al. Karska-Basta et al., suggest that IL-6 may be important in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography imaging is useful to show microvascular anomalies in children with a history of retinopathy of prematurity according to Rezar-Dreindl et al. Told et al., show that swept source optical coherence tomography angiography analyses allow new insights in the analysis of choroidal neovascularization morphology changes and therapeutic response. Wenzel et al., report that relative retinal thickness increase allows to identify central retinal artery occlusion patients that are eligible for a potentially beneficial reperfusion therapy within a therapeutic window of 4.5 hr with a high accuracy. Forshaw et al., observed that full-field electroretinography may indicate AMD disease severity level. Haas et al., did not see statistically significant differences in macular neovascularization lesion size when compared Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography, Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Indocyanine Green Angiography. Shan et al., report that in the past three decades, the prevalence and years lived with disability data due to diabetic retinopathy in China have improved in both genders. Exotropia with/without vertical deviation was observed to be the most common form of strabismus in Asian patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) by Kim et al. Ophthalmoplegia was asymmetric in 10% of CPEO patients. Campos et al., write that the value of choroidal thickness in diabetic macular oedema is contradictory. Further studies are waited to analyse role of systemic autonomous dysregulation of the cardiovascular system and choroidal thickness in diabetes according to Mathis et al. Rangroo Thrane et al., think that better understanding of the ocular glymphatic system may open new diagnostics and treatments for glaucoma. COVID-19 fear may change clinic attendance for patients with wet age-related macular degeneration written by Fung et al. Christen et al., observed that selenium prevents AMD development. We hope you can find interesting entities that support your clinics and research in this issue of Acta.