Teamwork Processes Research Articles

Human-Autonomy Teaming in a Cooperative Gamified Testbed: How Can AI Teammates Support Teamwork Processes?

When Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents are incorporated into teams, they are expected to possess teaming capabilities beyond their advanced technological skills. Human-Autonomy Teams (HATs) are AI agents and humans working interdependently toward shared goals. Teams engage in processes, including goal specification, planning, mission analysis, coordination, monitoring, and backup behaviors. Participation of AI agents in teamwork processes can elevate HAT effectiveness and enhance the involvement of the agents as teammates. This study explored three levels of support for teamwork processes from AI agents: passive, reactive, and proactive. The study was conducted in HiveMind, a cooperative gamified testbed. The proactive agent scored higher on several assessment metrics, including effective communication, interdependence, and teaming. Furthermore, participants reported positive perceptions of the agent’s proactive support and initiative taking. The study’s findings suggest that AI teammates’ level of participation in teamwork processes influences human teammate’s perceptions and teaming experiences with their AI teammate.

Why is Kazakhstani education system in public schools not as successful in promoting creativity compared to specialized/private schools?

This project delves into the concept of “Creativity” in school settings in Kazakhstan, comparing specialized/private and public schools’ curriculum. The study aims to explore the difference in the teachers’ approach, technology and extracurricular activities availability and teamwork processes during the lessons between both types of schools. This study is significant in understanding school curriculum in Kazakhstan, its effects on students’ learning processes and creative thinking, and students’ needs and aspirations.

The Partners of My Partners: Shared Collaborative Experience and Team Performance in Surgical Teams

When teams in organizations are assembled to perform contingent tasks, team members carry with them experiences of prior interaction with partners in different teams. Focal team members share collaborative experiences to the extent that they worked with common external prior partners. Extending current research on team effectiveness, we investigate how shared collaborative experience (SCE) affects team performance. Consistent with the established understanding of team processes as carrying both a teamwork and a taskwork component, we conceptualize SCE as having two distinct dimensions that we call SCE extent and SCE diversity. We posit that high SCE extent increases the ability of teams to refine their teamwork processes, increasing their performance through enhanced coordination and reflexivity. We argue that high SCE diversity hinders the ability of teams to form a shared understanding of task demands, thus undermining team performance. Furthermore, we investigate the contingent effect of task complexity on the relationship between SCE and performance. We argue that the benefits of implicit coordination and the drawbacks of experience diversity decrease as tasks become more complex and require more explicit coordination and wider repertoires of responses. These predictions find support in an analysis of 1343 robot-assisted surgery operations performed by 114 surgeons during a four-year period in a private university hospital. By explicitly recognizing how team members benefit from the network of their shared prior partners, our study contributes to developing a new approach to study the effectiveness of temporary teams in organizations.

Unveiling the impact of interprofessional education on shaping students’ interprofessional identity and collaboration perception: a mixed-method study

BackgroundInterprofessional education (IPE) has the potential to shape students’ collaboration perception and interprofessional identity but remains understudied. This study aims to understand the effects of the IPE program as a contextual trigger to promote collaboration perception change and interprofessional identity formation among healthcare professional students.MethodsUsing concurrent triangulation mixed-methods, we examined the relationship between collaboration perception and interprofessional identity change among health profession students (N = 263), and explored their perspectives on how their IPE experiences influenced their perception and identity. Participants completed the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale and Extended Professional Identity Scale and responded to open-ended questions before and after the IPE intervention. Pearson’s correlation, t-tests, regression (quantitative), and thematic analysis (qualitative) were conducted.ResultsTeams with initially lower collaboration perception (M = 3.59) and lower interprofessional identity (M = 3.59) showed a significant increase in collaboration perception (M = 3.76, t = 2.63; p = .02) and interprofessional identity (M = 3.97, t = 4.86; p < .001) after participating in IPE. The positive relationship between collaboration perception and interprofessional identity strengthened after participating in IPE, as evident from the correlation (Time 1: r = .69; p < .001; Time 2: r = .79; p < .001). Furthermore, collaboration perception in Time 1 significantly predicted the variance in interprofessional identity at Time 2 (β = 0.347, p < .001). Qualitative findings indicated that 85.2% of students expressed that IPE played a role in promoting their interprofessional identity and collaboration attitudes.ConclusionsIncorporating the IPE program into the curriculum can effectively enhance students’ collaboration perception and interprofessional identity, ultimately preparing them for collaborative practice in the healthcare system. By engaging students in interprofessional teamwork, communication, and joint decision-making processes, the IPE program provides a valuable context for students to develop a sense of belonging and commitment to interprofessional collaboration.

The Effect of Management Support, Team Work, and Monitoring &amp; Evaluation Process on Implementing the Patients Identification

Background: One of the efforts to fulfill patient safety targets is identifying patients correctly. Identification carried out incorrectly will have fatal consequences, triggering other errors. An important paradigm for reducing misidentification requires more than two patient identifiers. Objective: The study aims to analyze the influence of management support, team work, monitoring and evaluation process on implementing the patients’ identification among nurses at Wisma Rini Pringsewu Hospital. Method: We conduct the cross-sectional study to examine the causalities of independent variable with dependent variable. Result: Management support has a direct effect on the implementation of patient identification. Management support also has an indirect effect on the implementation of patient identification, through monitoring and evaluation. Meanwhile, monitoring and evaluation can have a direct influence on the implementation of patient identification. Team work influences the implementation of patient identification, but the influence is small, so monitoring and evaluation is needed so that team work works well. Meanwhile, team work is formed due to the contribution of management support. Implication: Create monitoring and evaluation policies related to the implementation of quality improvement and patient safety activities

The degree of horizontal abnotivity as a determinant of experts’ teamwork

Actuality of the problem is conditioned by the necessity of searching new methods and techniques of organizational work in the high life speed environment and entropy of modern society. Objective is to identify the role and nature of the influence of horizontal abnotivity on the effectiveness and specificity of the perception of teamwork. Mechanism of horizontal abnotivity consists in revealing potential of equal in social and professional status of participants of cooperate activity and giving them support in self-realization and achieving success. The empirical investigation, in which 192 respondents took part, was carried out, by means of set of questionnaire techniques, that allow to collect general data about the respondents, evaluate the level of their horizontal abnotivity and involvement into teamwork, its peculiarities and efficiency in the participants’ conceptualization. By means of statistics methods and qualitative analysis the role of the horizontal abnotivity in determination efficiency and peculiarities of teamwork process was stated. Result of the study is the description of a new type of abnotivity, which assists in disclosing creative potential of equal in status participants of cooperate activity and offering them support in self-realization and achieving success. This type of abnotivity is called “horizontal”. It is stated that the level of expression of horizontal abnotivity impacts involvement of the subjects of professional activity into teamwork and determines its efficiency and peculiarities of its perception. For the first time principles of operation of horizontal abnotivity are described: the higher it is expressed the more often the subject of activity becomes a member of a team; the level of horizontal abnotivity expression of a subject of activity, included into a team, positively affects the evaluation of efficiency of its work, helping in revealing the abilities of each member. Conclusions: the main and additional roles, that moderately and highly abnotive subjects play in a team, differ. The degree of horizontal abnotivity determines efficiency and peculiarities of teamwork.

Enhancing trauma care through innovative trauma and disaster team response training: A blended learning approach in Tanzania.

In Tanzania, inadequate infrastructures and shortages of trauma-response training exacerbate trauma-related fatalities. McGill University's Centre for Global Surgery introduced the Trauma and Disaster Team Response course (TDTR) to address these challenges. This study assesses the impact of simulation-based TDTR training on care providers' knowledge/skills and healthcare processes to enhance patient outcomes. The study used a pre-post-interventional design. TDTR, led by Tanzanian instructors at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute from August 16-18, 2023, involved 22 participants in blended online and in-person approaches with simulated skills sessions. Validated tools assessed participants' knowledge/skills and teamwork pre/post-interventions, alongside feedback surveys. Outcome measures included evaluating 24-h emergency department patient arrival-to-care time pre-/post-TDTR interventions, analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests based on data distributions. Participants' self-assessment skills significantly improved (median increase from 34 to 58, p<0.001), along with teamwork (median increase from 44.5 to 87.5, p<0.003). While 99% of participants expressed satisfaction with TDTR meeting their expectations, 97% were interested in teaching future sessions. The six-month post-intervention arrival-to-care time significantly decreased from 29 to 13min, indicating a 55.17% improvement (p<0.004). The intervention led to fewer ward admissions (35.26% from 51.67%) and more directed to operating theaters (29.83% from 16.85%), suggesting improved patient management (p<0.018). The study confirmed surgical skills training effectiveness in Tanzanian settings, highlighting TDTR's role in improving teamwork and healthcare processes that enhanced patient outcomes. To sustain progress and empower independent trauma educators, ongoing refresher sessions and expanding TDTR across low- and middle-income countries are recommended to align with global surgery goals.

How to create team design in tourism and hospitality organizations: Through team‐level autonomy and task interdependence

AbstractTeam‐based organizational structures have been widely adopted in tourism and hospitality firms. Based on socio‐technical systems theory, this study focused on two critical components of team design: team‐level autonomy and task interdependence. The impacts of these elements on team outcomes vary by context (e.g., organizations and task types). Exploration of these features' relationships with teamwork processes in tourism and hospitality settings is thus warranted. This study took a social process (i.e., team communication) as a mediating mechanism to explain team‐level organizational phenomena. A total of 312 responses from tourism and hospitality employees were collected through Qualtrics. Structural equation modeling using the R Lavaan package showed that team‐level autonomy and task interdependence were positively and indirectly related to team performance through team communication. Also, their interaction was positively associated with team outcomes. These findings contribute to the team effectiveness literature and provide tourism and hospitality organizations with practical guidance.

Structure and process in primary health care for children and spatial distribution of infant mortality.

To identify the spatial patterns of the quality of the structure of primary health care services and the teams' work process and their effects on infant mortality in Brazil. An ecological study of spatial aggregates, using the 5,570 municipalities in Brazil as the unit of analysis. Secondary databases from the Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB - National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care), the Mortality Information System (SIM), and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) were used. In 2018, the infant mortality rate was the outcome of the study, and the exposure variables were the proportion of basic health units (BHU) with adequate structure and work processes. Global and local Moran's indices were used to evaluate the degree of dependence and spatial autocorrelation. Spatial linear regression was used for data analysis. In 2018, in Brazil, the infant mortality rate was 12.4/1,000 live births, ranging from 10.6/1,000 and 11.2/1,000 in the South and Southeast, respectively, to 14.1/1,000 and 14.5/1,000 in the Northeast and North regions, respectively. The proportion of teams with an adequate work process (β = -3.13) and the proportion of basic health units with an adequate structure (β = -0.34) were associated with a reduction in the infant mortality rate. Spatial autocorrelation was observed between smoothed mean infant mortality rates and indicators of the structure of primary health care services and the team's work process, with higher values in the North and Northeast of Brazil. There is a relationship between the structure of primary health care services and the teams' work process with the infant mortality rate. In this sense, investment in the qualification of health care within the scope of primary health care can have an impact on reducing the infant mortality rate and improving child health care.

Disparities in the protagonism of oral health teams in the work process of Primary Healthcare.

Evaluate and compare the protagonism of Oral Health teams (OHt) in the teamwork process in Primary Healthcare (PHC) over five years and estimate the magnitude of disparities between Brazilian macro-regions. Ecological study that used secondary data extracted from the Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica (SISAB - Health Information System for Primary Healthcare) from 2018 to 2022. Indicators were selected from a previously validated evaluative matrix, calculated from records in the Collective Activity Form on the degree of OHt's protagonism in team meetings and its degree of organization concerning the meeting agendas. A descriptive and amplitude analysis of the indicators' variation over time was carried out, and the disparity index was also calculated to estimate and compare the magnitude of differences between macro-regions in 2022. In Brazil, between 3.06% and 4.04% of team meetings were led by OHt professionals. The Northeast and South regions had the highest (3.71% to 4.88%) and lowest proportions (1.21% to 2.48%), respectively. From 2018 to 2022, there was a reduction in the indicator of the "degree of protagonism of the OHt" in Brazil and macro-regions. The most frequent topics in meetings under OHt's responsibility were the work process (54.71% to 70.64%) and diagnosis and monitoring of the territory (33.49% to 54.48%). The most significant disparities between regions were observed for the indicator "degree of organization of the OHt concerning case discussion and singular therapeutic projects". The protagonism of the OHt in the teamwork process in PHC is incipient and presents regional disparities, which challenges managers and OHt to break isolation and lack of integration, aiming to offer comprehensive and quality healthcare to the user of the Unified Health System (SUS).

The effects of shared leadership and collective efficacy on team performance and learning: The mediating role of team action processes

Shared leadership should have many benefits for teams. This study addresses the call to better understand its effects by extending research suggesting that collective efficacy mediates the effects of shared leadership on team performance. Specifically, we explore the extent to which team action processes explain how and why the collective efficacy that emerges as a result of shared leadership impacts team outcomes. We also add team learning outcomes to the team effectiveness outcomes that are ultimately affected by shared leadership because the failure to systematically explore learning outcomes ignores the reality that today’s work teams are often asked to share leadership to better move from task to task, span unfamiliar boundaries, and continuously learn. Using a sample of 85 teams that worked on a decision-making task in a laboratory setting, we found that teams performed better and learned faster to the extent that they shared leadership. Specifically, shared leadership increased teams’ collective efficacy beliefs, which, in turn, increased teams’ engagement in action processes and resulted in higher performance and less time required to learn. Supplemental tests demonstrated that the effects we found could not be explained by other teamwork processes (i.e., transition and interpersonal processes). We conclude by discussing the need to broaden the search for the consequences of shared leadership, the implications of our findings for theorizing and testing midlevel perspectives on teamwork processes, and by offering additional recommendations for future work on team learning.

An examination of shared leadership configurations and their effectiveness in teams

SummaryA key challenge in the shared leadership literature has been a limited understanding of how multiple leadership activities are shared across team members and roles. We address this issue by conceptualizing and operationalizing shared leadership using both its content (i.e., what leadership roles are shared) and distribution (i.e., how leadership is shared across members and roles). In an exploratory study comprised of 129 work teams, we use latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify multiple shared leadership configurations that vary in the extent of sharing. Our second study of 103 MBA teams supports these findings and further (a) considers what shared leadership configurations have the greatest influence on team effectiveness, (b) examines the mediating role of teamwork processes, and (c) investigates the moderating role of temporal dispersion. We advance current research by demonstrating that shared leadership typically manifests in collective (i.e., members share all leadership roles) and distributed configurations (i.e., members hold one leadership role while other members hold other leadership roles), which has implications for team processes and effectiveness. Specifically, we show that collective configurations have higher team effectiveness (compared to distributed configurations) owing to improved teamwork processes and observe that these effects are more pronounced when temporal dispersion is high.

Understanding the relationship between idea contributions and idea enactments in student design teams: A social network analysis approach

AbstractBackgroundExisting research has demonstrated that student characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, sex, and personal beliefs about engineering knowledge, shape students' experiences in ill‐structured problem‐solving, such as engineering design, where ideas must be communicated, negotiated, and selected in complex social processes.PurposeThe purpose of this research was to examine the how student characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, sex, and epistemological beliefs, are associated with patterns of idea contributions and ideas enactments in collaborative project teams.MethodIn this article, I use the multilayer exponential random graph model (ERGM) for examining multiple complex social relationships simultaneously. Drawing on survey data from a study of engineering student teamwork, this research examines the relationship perceptions of idea contributions (layer 1) and idea enactments (layer 2) in collaborative project teams.ResultsResults indicated no sex differences in the perceptions of idea contributions and enactments in student design teams. However, underrepresented minority students and Asian America/Pacific Islander students were reported as less frequently having their ideas enacted. Further, epistemological beliefs similarity effects were a significant predictor on the idea contribution layer, and epistemological beliefs sociality effects were significant on the idea enactments layer.ConclusionAchieving equity in teamwork pedagogies requires understanding the dynamic social processes that shapes patterns of participation in student teams. This research demonstrates the power of social networks methodologies for modeling teamwork processes, pointing specifically to the ways that student characteristics are associated with perceptions shape idea contributions and enactments in student teams.

Research on Effective Methods of Teamwork of Students at Can Tho University

The study was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the working efficiency of the student group at Can Tho University, and to propose solutions to enhance the student group's working efficiency at Can Tho University. 400 students from the School of Economics, the College of Rural Development, the College of Agriculture, and the School of Foreign Languages at Can Tho University participated in the study's survey. Specifically, the authors specifically utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to construct the data and test hypotheses in their research. As a result, the research reveals that Knowledge and skills, Attitude, Leadership, Relationships, The complexity of tasks, The workload of tasks, Science and technology, Support, and Teamwork Process influence the teamwork effectiveness. In addition, the paper point out the research’s limitations, thereby proposing research directions for related topics in the future.

Implementation of UCD with a kanban board to build an interaction design for an animal recognition application

Studying types of animals is one way to expand knowledge about living creatures on earth. By introducing types of animals, especially children, it will help increase emotional intelligence, creativity and imagination of living creatures as a basis for understanding the diversity of creatures on earth. Every child certainly has different abilities and development, in general children will experience significant progress between the ages of 3 and 6 years, so at this age it is very appropriate to introduce types of animals packaged in interactive multimedia as a medium for learning. Providing knowledge about types of animals will expand knowledge about nature, build emotional intelligence and cognitive abilities which are important in their growth. In this research, an application for recognizing animals for children will be created that implements the User Centered Design (UCD) method with a kanban board, which is an alternative development approach that focuses on the needs and preferences of users at each stage of development, so that it is hoped that the application being developed will meet their desires and needs. user. The final result of this research is an animal recognition application, which implements the UCD method in UI/UX development and the Kanban framework in team work processes.

Examining the fluidity of innovation teams: a conceptual framework.

As innovative endeavors have become more complex and time-intensive, there has become an increasing reliance on expert teams in organizations. Expert innovation teams are comprised of team members with extensive experience and mastery in a particular discipline. These teams utilize fluid membership that expands the available knowledge of the team but creates challenges for effective teamwork. We argue that the mechanism for creating an enduring impact and developing a product to fruition requires the cognitive and social integration of fluid team members. This article focuses on how teams effectively integrate knowledge with diverse, and possibly fluid, team members and how teams can organize knowledge through planning and reflection to implement the idea successfully. Knowledge integration and team reflexivity are considered in tandem to emphasize the multi-faceted nature of generating and implementing innovative solutions and the conflicting teamwork processes that hinder innovative efforts. To understand how these competing teamwork processes required for successful innovation interact, we developed a framework that considers resilience as the factor that elicits team creative performance. In doing so, we discuss how innovation teams build resilience over time and how creative failure can lead to greater levels of innovation.

Leader affective presence, psychological safety and team proactive problem prevention

AbstractLeader affective presence, the tendency of leaders to consistently evoke feelings in team members, has gained prominence in the context of leadership and teamwork. However, prior research lacks a comprehensive theoretical framework, focuses on limited team processes, and relies mainly on cross sectional designs to study this construct. Building upon theories of the social functions of affect, this study examines the relationship between leaders' affective presence and team member behaviour, specifically focusing on team proactive problem prevention and examining whether this relationship is mediated by team psychological safety. Using a two‐wave panel model with 504 professionals in 134 teams, our findings revealed that positive leader affective presence, characterized by instilling enthusiasm, joy and inspiration among team members, was positively associated with perceptions of team psychological safety. In turn, team psychological safety was positively related to leaders' assessments of proactive problem prevention. Interestingly, negative leader affective presence, which triggers worry, tension and stress, was not related to team psychological safety but was positively associated with team proactive problem prevention. These results highlight the importance of leader affective presence in shaping emergent team states and team member behaviour. Researchers and practitioners should thus consider these insights when assessing and intervening in leadership and teamwork processes in organizations.

PROJECT TEAM MANAGEMENT MODEL UNDER RISK CONDITIONS

The paper examines the state of the problem of the influence of risks on the project team's work process. The processes of the team's work during the implementation of the project sprint are defined. The authors identified risk factors that affect the effectiveness of the project team. An analysis of modern approaches was carried out and three directions were identified, which represent the research of project team management processes under conditions of risk. A comprehensive reference model of project team management under risk conditions is proposed in the form of a framework. It reflects the interrelationship of four models: the project team behavior model, the model for assessing the quality of the formation of sprint tasks, the model for determining the distribution of tasks in the project team, and the model for the formation of recommendations. The project team evaluates the text description of the task, obtained from the information system, using the sprint task formation quality assessment model. Natural language processing methods are used to create a model for evaluating the quality of forming sprint tasks, which combine the method of processing text information and the method of learning based on precedents, which allows taking into account the previous experience of the team and its behavior. The project team behavior model allows taking into account the risks of irrational work organization during the sprint. The behavior of the project team is analyzed using Process Mining methods. The case representation model allows the project team to store and reuse knowledge and experience based on simulation modeling and reinforcement learning approaches. It allows the team to determine and evaluate possible options for the distribution of tasks and resources in the team in accordance with the reduction of possible risks. The central element of the proposed framework is the model of recommendations used in decision-making. It provides the project team with the necessary information for effective decision-making in terms of risks in project management. The proposed framework provides an opportunity to reduce the impact of the risks of non-fulfillment of project tasks during the sprint. Further studies of the task of managing the project team under conditions of risk should be directed to the development of specified models of the proposed framework

Pedagogical Effectiveness of GMRCE Learning Model in Strengthening Learning Attitude in Gas Laws

Science education is plagued by challenges, with students complaining about the learning process and teachers expressing exhaustion among students. The study investigated the pedagogical effectiveness of the modified processes of Gamification, Modeling, Rewarding, Cognitive Teamwork, and Explicit Timing (GMRCE) Model in strengthening students’ learning attitude in Gas Laws among Grade 10 Science students at Pangdan National High School during the School Year 2022-2023. The study utilized a pretest-posttest, comparison-group true-experimental design, measuring conceptual understanding through a three-tier 15-item test and assessing mathematical skills through a four-item word problem test. Descriptive-correlational research is designed to analyze personal profiles, including age, sex, academic performance, attitude toward science, proficiency level, and acceptability. Results showed that students with positive attitudes toward science achieved favorable academic performance, and the GMRCE Learning Model effectively improved students’ learning attitude in Gas Laws, which was deemed moderately acceptable, indicating a high satisfaction rating. The study suggests that teachers should use strategic learning models to encourage active participation and improve academic performance. A replicated study involving a larger group of participants may be conducted in other schools, and a qualitative approach may be integrated to validate the findings.

The podcast as strategy to professional development and knowledge transfer in Health Care Planning

Abstract Background Is a notorious concern to seek new ways to use technologies in strategies for the development of health professionals with a focus on changes in the work process of health teams and in management practices. The PlanificaSUS Project implements the Health Care Planning (HCP) methodology in Brazil, with a goal to organizing and integrating Primary Health Care (PHC) and Specialized Outpatient Care (SOC) services. Some materials present podcasts as one of the pedagogical resources for reflection and discussion of heath themes. In this sense, each episode of the podcast has a specific theme. Objective: Report the experience of using podcast as a strategy to professional development and knowledge transfer in Health Care Planning. Results So far, nine podcast episodes, lasting ten minutes each, have been made available in the HCP materials and total more than 15,000 views. This strategy reached 4,000 health professionals, who work in 1,635 health units, distributed in 19 federative units in Brazil. All podcasts episodes are prepared using language that dialogues with the health professional and stimulates discussions of changes through cycles of continuous improvement. In specific HCP evaluation moments, participants demonstrated that, in their practice scenarios, the use of the podcast together with repetitive listening, helped to significantly improve their understanding. Conclusions The podcast presents flexibility in its aspects of production and distribution, supporting pedagogical possibilities. As one of the great challenges the training of teacher specialists to produce podcasts, this requires not only technological fluency, but also pedagogical fluency. The use and study of this tool in the educational context of health in Brazil is still incipient, but possible in the different realities of the country. Main messages: The podcast strategy has promising attributes for developing knowledge transfer strategies among healthcare professionals. Key messages • The podcast support possibility of making educational material available in the form of lectures or audio interviews, being accessible at any time without limitation of location. • It is important to provide information access strategies for professionals who have difficulty obtaining protected time to read and study.