Team Size Research Articles

State Management in React: Redux vs Zustand - A Comprehensive Guide

This comprehensive article examines the current state of React state management solutions, focusing on Redux and Zustand as primary implementation options. Through empirical data and real-world metrics, the study reveals that while Redux maintains dominance in enterprise applications with 59.6% developer adoption and serves 72% of large-scale applications, Zustand has emerged as a compelling alternative with a 66.7% satisfaction rate, particularly in medium-sized projects. The article covers performance implications, best practices, and potential pitfalls of both solutions, supported by statistical evidence showing that proper state management implementation can reduce render times by up to 42% and improve development velocity by 40%. The article demonstrates that choosing between these solutions significantly impacts project success, with factors such as application scale, team size, and complexity requirements playing crucial roles in the decision-making process.

MENTORING INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGNERS IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A NEEDS ASSESSMENT

This study benchmarked the mentoring needs of instructional design (ID) professionals working within a broad range of institution types across higher education. Data from 65 participants was collected using a needs assessment survey. ID respondents categorized 27 discrete mentoring needs into high, medium, and low priorities. Statistical analyses revealed communication skills as the highest mentoring need, while scholarly research and publication was the lowest. Years of career experience, team format, and team size were factors that distinguished the mentoring needs of IDs. The mentoring needs of IDs with between 3–7 years of experience significantly differed from their novice and senior colleagues as they strived to advance their careers. Implications for mentors, mentees, and institutions are discussed.

Repository structures: Impact on collaboration and productivity

AbstractThis study examines the connection between repository structure, productivity, and management practices in software development collaboration. Analyzing open-source projects, it finds higher collaboration in Multi repository teams than in Mono repository teams, implying a nuanced interaction with team size. Effective management and well-structured architectures correlate positively with productivity, emphasizing strategic management's importance for optimizing collaboration and efficiency in software projects.

Optimizing elective high-risk PCI with ECMO support: the value of completely percutaneous use of VA-ECMO

Abstract Background Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a suitable manner to prevent hemodynamic deterioration during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). VA-ECMO is mainly surgically deployed under general anaesthesia. New developments now facilitate completely percutaneous insertion of VA-ECMO with only local anaesthesia, reducing operating team size and hospital costs. Purpose The aim of this study is to provide data on the outcomes of completely percutaneous use of VA-ECMO during high-risk PCI with local anaesthesia. Methods A retrospective single-centre registry was performed including all patients undergoing ECMO-assisted high-risk PCI, who were rejected for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) as primary treatment option. Primary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), assessed during hospital admission and after discharge up to 90 days. Results Between January 2020 and February 2024, 34 patients undergoing ECMO-assisted high-risk PCI were included. The mean age of the population is 71.9 (± 8.4) and 27 (79.4%) patients are male. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction is 28.5 (± 11.1) percent and complexity indices were high, including STS mortality score: 4.1 (± 2.8), SYNTAX score I: 31.7 (± 9.4), SYNTAX score II: (PCI) 54.8 (± 10.8). Femoral artery was used for cannulation in 30 (88.2%) patients, of which one patient required an additional femoral backflow cannula due to prolonged ECMO support. Local anaesthesia in combination with preprocedural oral benzodiazepine was the preferred choice of anaesthesia (85.3%). Closure was predominantly performed with a percutaneous closure device (97.1%). Successful revascularization and procedural success were achieved in all patients. In-hospital MACE occurred in 2 (6.1%) patients. MACE occurred within 90 days in 5 (20.8%) patients after discharge. Conclusion High-risk PCI with completely percutaneous use of VA-ECMO with local anaesthesia is a novel concept, providing a suitable alternative to the standard surgical use of VA-ECMO with general anaesthesia.

Female-led teams produce more innovative ideas yet receive less scientific impact

Abstract Despite longstanding concerns about gender bias in science, there remains a lack of understanding regarding the performance of female scientists as team leaders compared to their male counterparts. This study explores differences between female-led and male-led teams in terms of scientific impact, novelty, and disruption, utilizing a comprehensive dataset of journal articles spanning from 1980 to 2016 across STEM fields. We employed Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) to match female and male scientists based on their characteristics. Subsequently, we applied multivariable logistic regression models to compare the outcomes of journal articles produced by female-led and male-led teams. Our analysis reveals that female-led teams generate more novel and disruptive ideas. However, they tend to produce articles with fewer scientific impact compared to their male-led counterparts. This suggests a systemic undervaluation of the contributions of female scientists. Further analysis indicates that this gender bias intensifies in later career stages and with larger team sizes. Additionally, significant field-specific heterogeneity is observed, with the most pronounced bias found in Biology and Medicine. These findings highlight the urgent need for policy adjustments to address these biases and promote a more equitable evaluation system in scientific research. Peer Review https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1162/qss_a_00335

Exploring the Lived Experiences of Members of a Faculty Research Hub Design Team in a College of Education at an HSI

ABSTRACT Researchers used a transcendental phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of faculty members in a Faculty Research Hub design team at a Hispanic-Serving Institution. Through data analysis, several themes emerged: (1) Support and leadership, (2) Commitment to improvement, (3) Individual motivation, (4) Structure and collaborative nature of the team, (5) Small team size with diverse expertise, and (6) Faculty learning and development. These themes align with the input, process, or outcome stages of Binkhorst et al.’s (2015) integrative descriptive framework for Teacher Design Teams (TDTs). The study suggests that Hispanic-Serving Institutions aspiring to become R1 institutions should consider implementing and evaluating Faculty Design Teams (FDTs) to enhance faculty research productivity and doctoral student success.

Team-based learning in health professions education: an umbrella review

BackgroundTeam-Based Learning (TBL) has garnered considerable attention in education research. To consolidate the existing evidence, we conducted an umbrella review with four objectives: (a) to identify TBL review characteristics, (b) to synthesize findings from previous reviews regarding TBL effectiveness and outcomes, (c) to determine which student groups benefit most, and (d) to identify the most and least researched elements.MethodsThe Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology was followed: [1] Search strategy and literature search [2] Screening and Study Selection [3] Assessment of methodological quality [4] Data collection, and [5] Data summary. We utilized Endnote, Excel, and MAXQDA for efficient project management and analyzing data.ResultsAnalyzing twenty-three reviews spanning from 2013 to 2024, we found a peak in TBL research in 2022 including more than 312 unique primary studies involving more than 63,987 participants. Notably, the United States and China accounted for over 61% of the total primary articles focused on students from medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and dentistry. Evidence supports the superiority of TBL in enhancing cognitive outcomes. However, findings related to retention are mixed. Insufficient evidence exists to draw robust conclusions when comparing TBL with other active learning methods. TBL demonstrates favorable outcomes in terms of clinical performance and engagement. Non-technical skills show mixed results. Notably, TBL positively impacts self-study, learning ability, decision-making, and emotional intelligence. Faculty experiences reveal an initial increase in workload, but generally hold positive attitude. Faculty development remain limited in duration and scope. Freshmen, academically weaker students, undergraduates, Chinese female students, and nursing students appear to benefit most from TBL. Team formation and size are the most frequently studied elements.ConclusionTBL holds promise for improving learning outcomes, but ongoing investigation is essential to maximize its impact in diverse educational contexts. This umbrella review underscores the need for further research in specific areas i.e. effective pre-class learning methods and faculty workload.

Churning the tides of care: when nurse turnover makes waves in patient access to primary care

BackgroundTeam-based primary care (PC) enhances the quality of and access to health care. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implements team-based care through Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACTs), consisting of four core members: a primary care provider, registered nurse (RN) care manager, licensed vocational nurse, and scheduling clerk. RNs play a central role: they coordinate patient care, manage operational needs, and serve as a patient point of contact. Currently, it is not known how varying levels of RN staffing on primary care teams impact patient outcomes.ObjectiveThis study aims to empirically assess how the stability of RN staffing within team-based primary care affects patient access to care.MethodsA retrospective database review using clinical and administrative data from the VHA over 24 months. Participants included 5,897 PC PACTs across 152 VHA healthcare facilities in the United States and its territories. The stability of personnel in the RN role was categorized as: RN continuous churn, RN staffing instability and RN vacancy. All 3 categories were compared to teams with RN stability (i.e., same person in the role for the entire 24-month period). Access measures included: average third-next-available appointment, established patient average wait time in days, urgent care utilization, emergency room utilization, and total inbound-to-outbound PC secure messages ratio.ResultsRN continuous churn within PACTs had a significant impact on third-next-available appointment (b = 3.70, p < 0.01). However, RN staffing instability and vacancy had no significant relationship with any of the access measures. Several risk adjustment variables, including team full-time equivalency, team stability, relative team size, and average team size, were significantly associated with access to health care.ConclusionsTeams are impacted by churn on the team. Adequate staffing and team stability significantly predict patient access primary care services. Healthcare organizations should focus on personnel retention and strategies to mitigate the impact(s) of continuous RN turnover. Future research should examine the relative impact of turnover and stability of other roles (e.g., clerks) and how team members adapt to personnel changes.

The disruption index is biased by citation inflation

Abstract A recent analysis of scientific publication and patent citation networks by Park et al. (Nature, 2023) suggests that publications and patents are becoming less disruptive over time. Here we show that the reported decrease in disruptiveness is an artifact of systematic shifts in the structure of citation networks unrelated to innovation system capacity. Instead, the decline is attributable to ‘citation inflation’, an unavoidable characteristic of real citation networks that manifests as a systematic time-dependent bias and renders cross-temporal analysis challenging. One driver of citation inflation is the ever-increasing lengths of reference lists over time, which in turn increases the density of links in citation networks, and causes the disruption index to converge to 0. The impact of this systematic bias further stymies efforts to correlate disruption to other measures that are also time-dependent, such as team size and citation counts. In order to demonstrate this fundamental measurement problem, we present three complementary lines of critique (deductive, empirical and computational modeling), and also make available an ensemble of synthetic citation networks that can be used to test alternative citation-based indices for systematic bias. Peer Review https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1162/qss_a_00333

Fight Like Girls: The Stuntwomen of Bond

In their 2015 article on stuntwomen, Miranda J. Banks and Lauren Steimer argue that the figure of the stunt double is subjected to a process of erasure throughout the production of the action film or series, and most certainly in popular press accounts that promote the idea of stars (both male and female) as the performers of their own stunts. This erasure is also evident in the comparative lack of scholarly work on the labour-intensive – and often life-threatening – contributions made by stunt performers to the on-screen fantasy of the kick-ass action star. The Bond franchise has seen its female characters increasingly defined by their all-action credentials and, consequently, the size of the stunt team has grown with a higher number of female stunt performers being included. This article looks at how stuntwomen have contributed to the spectacle of the Bond franchise, including driver Jessica Hawkins and the much in demand Marie Mouroum, both of whom worked on No Time to Die (2021). As behind-the-scenes footage of most action franchises becomes more available and often forms part of the marketing of franchise cinema, including the Bond films, the concept of erasure will be examined in relation to these contemporary contexts of production. The increased diversity of action heroines also opens up sites of exploration around women of colour as part of these production processes, both on-screen and behind the scenes.

Analysis of Effects on Scientific Impact Indicators Based on Coevolution of Coauthorship and Citation Networks

This study investigates the coevolution of coauthorship and citation networks and their influence on scientific metrics such as the h-index and journal impact factors. Using a preferential attachment mechanism, we developed a model that integrated these networks and validated it with data from the American Physical Society (APS). While the correlations between reference counts, paper lifetime, and team sizes with scientific impact metrics are well-known, our findings demonstrate how these relationships vary depending on specific model parameters. For instance, increasing reference counts or reducing paper lifetime significantly boosts both journal impact factors and h-indexes, while expanding team sizes without adding new authors can artificially inflate h-indexes. These results highlight potential vulnerabilities in commonly used metrics and emphasize the value of modeling and simulation for improving bibliometric evaluations.

How signal portfolios affect success in equity-based crowdfunding: Evidence from the Chinese hotel industry

While most crowdfunding studies predominantly explore the success factors of reward-based crowdfunding, this research studies the efficacy of composite signal portfolios. Specifically, we investigate how bundles of substantive signals—comprising product- and firm-relevant information—and rhetorical signals—grounded in language-based information—affect the performance of equity-based hotel crowdfunding. By analyzing objective data from 512 equity crowdfunding projects within the Chinese hotel industry, our findings indicate that the combination of product- and firm-related substantive signals, such as price and team size, enhances both the amount and percentage of equity-based crowdfunding. Furthermore, our results unveil that the combination of product-related substantive (price) and rhetorical (emotional appeal) signals significantly contributes to equity-based crowdfunding success. These findings not only contribute to the existing literature on hotel crowdfunding but also offer strategic implications for equity-based crowdfunding managers in the hotel industry.

Optimising Processes in a Severe Burn Intensive Care Unit through the Implementation of a Digital Management System

The treatment of severely burned patients is demanding and necessitates specialised centres capable of providing adequate therapy over several months. The establishment of digital management systems in intensive care units signifies a substantial advancement in modern healthcare. Introducing such a system in a specialised intensive care unit for severe burn patients presents opportunities for optimisation but also potential obstacles. This study aims to provide insights into the perception of change from the perspective of staff and discuss the implementation of digital systems in the field of intensive care medicine. After a selective sample was established, the impacts of the digital management system were examined across various categories. The data collected through a questionnaire and brief interviews were evaluated in terms of average values within each category, with interpretations taking into account characteristics such as professional group and work experience. Overall, the digital management system is considered suitable for use in the intensive care unit for severe burn patients by both medical and nursing staff. The continuous monitoring of vital parameters and the reduction of errors in medication administration are highlighted as positive aspects. However, negative points include the inferior documentation of burn wounds and specialised documentation for burn patients. In due consideration of various factors such as experience, team size, and patient clientele, which impact the usability of the program, some aspects in need of improvement were identified. In summary, however, it can be said that there was a positive and favourable consensus regarding the introduction of such a system in the intensive care unit. Additionally, it can be concluded that the system is described as significantly more effective for a general surgical intensive care unit than for a specialised intensive care unit, e. g. an intensive care unit for severe burn patients.

Digital Product Innovation Within Family Firms: A Construal Level Perspective

Digital product innovation (DPI) is critical for the survival of firms, especially those operating in traditional industrial-age industries. While research has started to investigate digital innovation in family firms (FFs) considering them as a monolithic group, we still lack a more nuanced perspective that considers heterogeneity among FFs with respect to DPI and what drives such variance. Drawing on construal level theory to explain the risk behavior and goal time horizon of FF owner-managers, we propose and find that the presence of later family generations in control positively influences DPI in FFs, while the presence of a family CEO is detrimental to DPI. Furthermore, we propose that these relationships are moderated by the size of the top management team (TMT), finding that a larger TMT weakens the positive relationship between later generations in control and DPI. We base our analysis on a longitudinal sample of 103 FFs in the automotive, industrial engineering, and pharmaceutical sectors observed from 2013 to 2020. This first empirical study applying construal level theory to the family business literature has important implications for the FF digital innovation literature and for FF owner-managers interested in achieving DPI.

How interdisciplinary is it? A new method for quantifying interdisciplinarity in student teams & examination of a large project-based program

ABSTRACT The European Higher Education Area and the US National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine have called on higher education to support interdisciplinary learning. The National Academies recommend evaluating interdisciplinary education against relevant criteria, but beyond listing student majors, institutions cannot easily quantify interdisciplinarity in education. The Rao-Stirling diversity index, which incorporates measures of cognitive distance, is used to quantify the interdisciplinarity of research. This study extends the use of the Rao-Stirling diversity index to the context of higher education to: (1) determine whether it provides a more nuanced measure of interdisciplinarity than number of majors, and (2) to examine patterns in interdisciplinarity across 79 student teams in Georgia Tech’s Vertically Integrated Projects Program (N = 1218). The analysis employed cognitive distances developed in a previous study. Distributions of diversity indexes and enrollment by major were examined across the program, along with visualizations for 4 teams. Results show the Rao-Stirling diversity index provided a more comprehensive measure of team interdisciplinarity, and it indicated higher interdisciplinarity in more teams and in comparatively smaller teams than the number of majors would imply. Indexes across the program were examined graphically and explored through regression. Results indicated that higher interdisciplinarity was associated with smaller team size, implying a possible need for additional support for these teams. The utility of the index in quantifying the interdisciplinarity of teams and in revealing a previously unknown pattern confirm its usefulness within the context of higher education. Limitations, implications for research and practice, and future directions are discussed.

The interaction of inter-organizational diversity and team size, and the scientific impact of papers

Large teams are known to be more likely to publish highly cited papers, while small teams are known to be better at publishing highly disruptive papers. However, there is a lack of adequate theoretical understanding of the mechanisms by which scientific collaboration among researchers is related to the scientific impact of their papers. We investigated the mechanisms more closely by focusing on the interaction of inter-organizational diversity and team size in the process of team formation and knowledge dissemination. We analyzed 12,010,102 Web of Science papers and examined how inter-organizational diversity is associated with the relationship of team size with disruption and citations. As a result, we found that not only small teams, but also large teams with great inter-organizational diversity were able to disrupt science and technology effectively. We also found that large teams with greater inter-organizational diversity were more likely to produce highly cited papers. Our findings are robust and consistently observed regardless of publication year, team size, the number of references, and the degree of multidisciplinarity. These results have significant implications for researchers in selecting collaborators to achieve greater impact and for improving the qualitative efficiency of public research investments.

Gender inequality in the Nordic film industry: Exploring above-the-line positions in film production

Abstract In this article, we explore the enduring barriers to gender equality in the Nordic film industry, with a focus on positions of power and structural biases. Despite considerable efforts over the past decades to highlight gender inequality – resulting in more women in creative positions in Sweden, Denmark, and Finland – a significant gap remains. Our analysis of 1,070 films produced and released theatrically between 2010 and 2020 in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden shows men dominating directing, writing, and producing roles in 75 per cent of the cases, with women slightly more present in producing. The study finds a negative correlation between the dominance of men in producing roles and the presence of women in directing and writing roles. Factors such as the size of the creative team and co-production had less impact on the proportion of women in key creative positions than expected, whereas a higher proportion of women in managerial roles is linked to an increased presence of women in positions of directing (Sweden) and writing (Finland). These results indicate that while some progress has been made, structural barriers still significantly hinder gender equality in the industry.

Audit Committee Characteristics and Financial Reporting Quality of Consumer Good Firms in Nigeria

The paper examined the impact of audit committee features on the reporting quality of consumer goods firms in Nigeria. The paper used an ex post facto design. Data were gathered from the audited annual reports of the target firms. By employing the Hausman test, the study used a fixed and random effect model. The F-statistic of 2.238984, p-value = 0.023456 &lt; 0.05 alpha, suggests that audit team meetings, size and financial knowledge jointly have a substantial implication on the calibre of financial reporting. In light of the foregoing, the study suggested among others that firms should maintain an optimal size that balances efficiency with diverse expertise that is neither too small nor too large for thorough financial oversight.

Time is running out: How design thinking shapes team innovation under time constraints

Design thinking as a problem-solving framework has garnered significant attention for its reliance on abductive reasoning and human-centeredness. Existing literature has underscored the importance of these elements in fostering an array of organizational outcomes and enhancing the overall stakeholder satisfaction. However, less is known about how these reasoning approaches influence team innovation quality, particularly in time-constrained settings. The present study aims to fill this gap by focusing on team dynamics and examining the effects of abductive reasoning and human-centeredness on team innovation quality. We conduct an empirical analysis involving seven teams, each undertaking multiple innovation decisions under time constraints in a laboratory game context. Our results suggest an interplay between the reasoning approaches and team innovation quality. Specifically, teams that relied more on abductive reasoning in time-constrained tasks tended to make lower-quality decisions, while teams that were highly human-centered produced decisions of higher quality. Importantly, team size emerged as a key moderating variable. Larger teams were found to exert an even more negative impact of abductive reasoning on team innovation quality while amplifying the positive effects of human-centeredness.

Physics card games to support knowledge organization: design considerations and teachers’ attitudes

Despite the positive effects of gamification on student motivation and learning outcomes, there are still widespread concerns that ‘playing games is merely fun’ and have no added value, thus making teachers hesitate about incorporating games into their teaching. This paper describes Phys-Cards games, designed as a summative hands-on activity that highlights physics concepts through a ‘contrast and compare’ task in a game context. The Phys-Cards games were presented in a national network of professional learning communities (PLCs) for high school physics teachers. The teachers first played the games and then reflected on their experiences after they implemented them in their classrooms. Surveys and an analysis of the teachers’ reflections indicated that they valued the Phys-Cards games and reported that the games contributed to students’ conceptual understanding and knowledge organization. However, teachers faced challenges such as team size and composition, how to best monitor different groups, and timing in the instructional sequence. In their discussions during the PLC meetings, the teachers identified the features of the games that best promotedmeaningful collaborative learning and suggested productive ways to incorporate the games into their teaching.