Increase Teacher Research Articles

A comparison of 1- versus 3-month regional anatomy exposure on learning outcomes of undergraduate medical students.

Regional anatomy teaching forms a cornerstone of undergraduate medical education. Owing to an increase in teaching and learning content throughout the medical curriculum in recent years, contact hours and overall course durations in anatomy are under review worldwide. This study aimed to assess whether shortening the course content duration impacts learning gain and the ability to identify anatomical structures correctly. Undergraduate medical students of the Johannes Kepler University Linz (JKU; n = 310) and at the Medical University of Graz (MUG; n = 156) participating in regional anatomy courses were included. Whole body regional anatomy courses, including hands-on dissection and accompanying lectures, were delivered over one or three months. Course content and examination mode were kept consistent, while the duration of knowledge delivery was one or three months, respectively. Objective structured practical examinations (OSPE) were then carried out on prosections for the neck, thorax, and abdomen. 3-month course exposure resulted in significantly higher OSPE scores for the neck (49 vs. 37%), thorax (65 vs. 54%), and abdomen (65 vs. 45%), respectively. Further evaluation of the utility of different embalming types yielded higher 3-month scores in the neck and thorax regions with Thiel-embalmed tissues and thorax and abdomen regions in ethanol-glycerin-embalmed tissues. Course exposure over a more extended period, like three months, appearsto be highly beneficial.

Disparities in COVID-19 Impacts on Work Hours and Career Satisfaction by Gender and Race among Scientists in the US: An Online Survey Study

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on work–life balance may be unequal between female and male scientists. Further information is needed regarding whether the working conditions and career satisfaction for women and racialized scientists are disproportionately affected by the pandemic. This online survey collected data from 1171 scientists in science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM), and medicine (STEMM), public health, or other areas of science/engineering working in the US to examine potential disparities in changes in work hours and career satisfaction by gender and race/ethnicity. A significantly higher percentage of women reported increased work hours compared to men. Women, especially racialized women, experienced disproportionately higher increases in teaching and service than the other groups, which contributed to the increased total work hours for women. Satisfaction with the current career progress was lowest for racialized women compared to their counterparts. Our results indicate that the pandemic has inequitably affected allocation of workloads and career satisfaction by gender and race in scientific fields. Institutions of higher education and other research organizations should acknowledge the gender/race differences in science before and during the pandemic to better support the career development and achievement of all scientists, especially women and even more so racialized women.

COVID-19 Exposure Risk, Burnout, and Shifts in Family Medicine Faculty's Efforts: A National Survey.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, academic family physicians had to change their clinical, teaching, research, and administrative efforts, while simultaneously balancing their home environment demands. It is unclear how the changes in effort affected physicians' personal well-being, particularly burnout. This study sought to identify changes in faculty's clinical, teaching, research, and administrative efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic and how effort shifts were associated with burnout. We also examined associations with important demographics and burnout. We took data from the 2020 Council of Academic Family Medicine's Educational Research Alliance survey of family medicine educators and practicing physicians during November 2020 through December 2020. We analyzed self-report measures of demographics, effort (clinical, teaching, research, and administrative) before and during the pandemic, COVID-19 exposure level, and rates of burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization) using logistic regressions. Most participants reported no change in efforts. If changes were reported, clinical (21.6%) and administrative (24.8%) efforts tended to increase from before to during the pandemic, while teaching tended to decrease (27.7%). Increases in teaching and clinical efforts were associated with higher rates of emotional exhaustion. Higher depersonalization was associated with increased clinical efforts. Being older and working in a rural setting was associated with lower burnout, while being female was associated with higher burnout. Shifts in effort across academic family physicians' multiple roles were associated with emotional exhaustion and, to a lesser degree, depersonalization. The high rates of burnout demand additional attention from directors and administrators, especially among female physicians.

The impact of the pandemic-enforced lockdown on the scholarly productivity of women academics in South Africa

The underrepresentation of women in research is well-documented, in everything from participation and leadership to peer review and publication. Even so, in the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, early reports indicated a precipitous decline in women's scholarly productivity (both in time devoted to research and in journal publications) compared to pre-pandemic times. None of these studies, mainly from the Global North, could provide detailed explanations for the scale of this decline in research outcomes. Using a mixed methods research design, we offer the first comprehensive study to shed light on the complex reasons for the decline in research during the pandemic-enforced lockdown among 2,029 women academics drawn from 26 public universities in South Africa. Our study finds that a dramatic increase in teaching and administrative workloads, and the traditional family roles assumed by women while “working from home,” were among the key factors behind the reported decline in research activity among female academics in public universities. In short, teaching and administration effectively displaced research and publication—with serious implications for an already elusive gender equality in research. Finally, the paper offers recommendations that leaders and policy makers can draw on to support women academics and families in higher education during and beyond pandemic times.

Physical Spaces in Higher Education as Scenarios of Learning Innovation: Compositional and Formative Synergies among Architecture, Music, and Fashion.

Learning innovation is a positive approach on the contemporary higher education international stage. This article stresses the need to devise physical spaces that are also innovative. For that purpose, using a qualitative methodology, we investigated recent trends based on the synergies between certain creative disciplines: architecture, music, and fashion. The comparison was based on compositional features and formative dimension. Using a qualitative methodological comprehensive approach, a set of case studies was analysed. The findings show the usefulness of activating these synergies as effective strategies when enriching educational processes in different ways. Six cases of excellence wherein university physical spaces reached levels of innovation were studied, representing relevant transfers among the three disciplines. The text presents examples that show the educational consequences in the establishment of those synergies, in terms of both composition (music–architecture) and the activation of heritage sites in the city as venues of learning innovation (fashion–architecture). The basic conclusions were based on the fact that the increase in teaching and spatial creativity that emanates from said synergies among the three disciplines can be potentially extrapolated to other areas of knowledge.

Improving Social Science Learning Outcomes Using Guided Teaching Model In Indonesian Context

Purpose: This research aims at investigating the increase in teaching and learning activities by using guided teaching model and what effect it makes on the achievement on learning outcomes. Guided teaching facilitates teaching and decision-making abilities of the students. Research Methodology: The study was carried out on a sample of 290 students of class IX of the schools in Indonesia by using guided teaching model. This study has followed the questionnaires method to collect data and smart-PLS to examine the data. Findings: The findings reveal that the teaching and learning activities show a positive association with learning outcomes of the students. The Guided learning model also significantly mediates among the nexus of teaching activities, learning activities and learning outcomes of the students. Implication for Research and Practice: The study recommends that teachers in schools should make use of appropriate learning models according to the material to be taught, because the use of the right learning model can improve student learning outcomes.

The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education.

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for "life-like" cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R2 ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for "life-like" cadaveric specimens. Institutions' body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.

Teaching and utilization of silver diamine fluoride and Hall-style crowns in US pediatric dentistry residency programs

BackgroundNonsurgical caries management, particularly silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and Hall-style crowns, present alternative options for populations that have barriers to traditional treatment. The authors aimed to assess changes in the teaching and utilization of these modalities in pediatric dental residency programs. MethodsThe authors e-mailed a 29-question electronic survey regarding the utilization and teaching of nonsurgical caries management agents to US pediatric dentistry residency program directors. Data were compared with results from a similar survey conducted in 2015 to analyze trends, report protocols, barriers for utilization, and possible reasons for changes. ResultsRespondents from 82 programs completed the surveys (89% response rate). Although only 26% of respondents reported using SDF in 2015, 100% reported its utilization in 2020 (P < .001). The Hall-style crown technique is taught didactically in 90% of programs, and 69.5% of respondents use it at least sporadically in their clinics. Long wait times for the operating room (4 weeks-14 months) and sedation (1 week-12 months) motivate increased utilization of SDF, interim therapeutic restorations, and Hall-style crowns. Guidelines supporting off-label utilization of SDF have also resulted in its increased utilization. ConclusionsUS pediatric residency programs have universally adopted SDF for caries arrest in the primary dentition, and this trend seems to extend to other nonsurgical caries management agents. These changes are likely driven by diverse barriers to delivery of traditional restorative care. Practical ImplicationsThe rapid increases in teaching and utilization of minimal intervention techniques provide clinicians with more options for caries management in patients with barriers to traditional treatment.

ASSESSMENT OF THE DEGREE OF KNOWLEDGE OF DENTISTS REGARDING THE USE AND DISPOSAL OF RADIOGRAPHIC MATERIAL

Concern about the risks of radiation and the quality of the radiographic image has led many researchers and public agencies to carry out studies on the subject, which have found the existence of a series of problems in the practice of dental radiology. Based on the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of dental surgeons regarding biosafety and the use of devices and materials used throughout the radiographic process in dental offices. 200 Dentists were interviewed with offices in some cities in the Baixada Santista region in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, variables such as age, gender, time since graduation, professional specialty, were only identified at the time of the interview. During the visit, the researcher assessed, by means of a questionnaire, components related to the radiological practice in the offices and about the attitudes during the radiological practice and, consequently, about the radiological protection rules adopted, either for the patients or professionals involved. When the questionnaire was applied, a statistically significant difference was observed in relation to the concept of biosafety 98% of the interviewees answered yes, that they know what biosafety is. If there are notices in the office warning about the x-ray equipment, 89% responded that they do not. The viewing of radiographs taken previously by the patients was indicated by 97.5% of the interviewed dentists, and 95% use breast and thyroid protection with a lead apron. More than half of the dentists, 52%, discard the substances used in the revelation process in the office sink. The results observed in our study are not encouraging, either due to the ignorance of the current legislation, the use of the devices inappropriately and the processing carried out with real chances of contamination of the environment, we believe that an increase in teaching and control of biosafety in dental radiology is necessary.

Donation of Books by North America Theology Libraries to Africa

With the development of Christianity in the third world increasing, the need for theological training and teaching increases. Unfortunately, many third world countries lack the fiscal resources to provide some of the critical components to a sound theological education. One of those resources being books. Subsequently, many institutions striving to provide theological education advocate for print resources to truly fulfill their mission. This article provides some of the challenges and benefits for North American theological libraries to donate to Africa.

Coming Together: R&D and Children's Entertainment Company in Designing APPs for Learning Early Math.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have an increasing influence on the way we interact, learn, and live. The increase in teaching and learning methodologies that are mediated by ICT in the field of education and in the domestic settings encourages the design of new effective technological tools, supported by scientific research and development to improve student learning. The challenge psychology is facing in the education field is to promote those technologies and make them available to the education community. Technologies also would produce attractive items for users and realistic commercial issues for businesses. This also allows an effective transfer for scientific work, providing visibility to Research and Development. In this context, the main aim of the article is to describe the process to get an agreement between Babyradio (a children’s entertainment company: https://babyradio.es/) and our research team, starting a collaborative work between two groups of people (Babyradio’s technical designer and Psychologist-Engineers software designer), in order to create several educative applications (APPs) in the field of early mathematics cognition. The institutional framework of the relationship of the R&D project and a children’s entertainment company is described. The article also focuses on experience in Psychology, Technological Innovation, and Entrepreneurship. In considering the efficiency of the agreement, we present different APPs designed for tablets and smartphone devices, adapted to the different operating systems (IOS, Android, Windows). APPs are designed to instill the cognitive fundamentals associated with early math learning for students aged 4 to 7 years. The study developed after this babyradio-university enterprise agreement contributes to the development of mathematics skills in children, aged 4–7 years, so that they can successfully meet the mathematics school requirements; it also contributes to encouraging a more positive attitude toward mathematics. This study also suggests how the education system and software and educational content developers’ companies would manage verified instructional APPs, with a more realistic commercial perspective.

A follow-up survey of total intravenous anesthesia usage in children in the U.K. and Ireland.

Total intravenous anesthesia usage in children remains relatively unpopular in the UK and Ireland. A postal survey by Hill et al in 2008 indicated that only 26% of Consultants used a propofol infusion at least once a month. Following an increase in teaching and training opportunities in pediatric total intravenous anesthesia in the UK, we repeated the survey among Consultant members of Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and Society for Intravenous Anaesthesia, to see if this had affected total intravenous anesthesia usage in children and how practice may have changed. We used an anonymous online survey sent to Association of Paediatric Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland and Society for Intravenous Anaesthesia members. A total of 291 responses were analyzed. Total intravenous anesthesia was the default method of anesthesia in 8% of respondents and a further 46% used total intravenous anesthesia at least monthly. Overall total intravenous anesthesia usage had increased in the past year in 53%. The main indications were malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Ear/nose/throat surgery was the most popular surgical specialty. The main reasons for not using total intravenous anesthesia were that it was too "fiddly" and lack of confidence in the user. Most respondents used propofol in combination with remifentanil. Over 80% used propofol target-controlled infusion. The potential for propofol-related infusion syndrome concerned many, with 74% limiting infusion duration as a result. Bispectral Index was not used routinely by the majority of anesthetists. Even though most anesthetists did not use total intravenous anesthesia routinely, 98% felt they would be confident to anesthetize an malignant hyperpyrexia-positive patient using the technique. This survey has shown that although total intravenous anesthesia is not the default anesthetic technique for most anesthetists, overall usage in children has more than doubled in the past 10years, with many happy to use it in a wide variety of patients and procedures.

Evaluasi Program Implementasi Manajemen Mutu pada Politeknik Negeri Manado

The purpose of this study was to obtain information about evaluation of the implementation of a quality management program at Manado state Polytechnic. This study uses the Balanced Scorecard evaluation model that addresses four perspectives: customer perspective, learning and growth, internal business process perspective, a financial perspective. The analysis of a case study using qualitative and quantitative data. The process of data collection is through interviews, documentation, observations. The Results of the study are: (1) the customer’s perspective shows excellent status with indicators increasing satisfaction indicators of care, (2) perspective learning and growth perspective shows unfavorable status with indicators of empowerment and alignment of human resources, improving information system, (3) internal business process perspective shows the status indicator in not good with financial management system, research and community service, an increase in teaching and learning, (4) financial perspective with an indicator showing the status of both the optimization of the budget, and ability to raise founds. Performance Value Unit (NKU), which also serves as a status value indicates better performance leader although the need to make continuous improvement.

Teaching with Technology

In this article, the authors discuss how technology can enhance online teaching and student engagement. As the number of adult learners increase and the continuing use of online teaching increases, it is important to keep students engaged during learning. If the adult learners are engaged, they will most likely remain the duration of the course, ensuring retention in online courses. Currently completion rates for online courses can be significantly lower than those of the traditional classroom based on studies by a number of authors for a variety of reasons (Diaz, 2002; Lorenzetti, 2002; Murray, 2001). Students will also be more likely to sign up for future online classes when engagement strategies are used. By incorporating the type of technology students use in their everyday life will encourage engagement and relevance. When educators use technology effectively and efficiently in their classes, this increases engagement and provides a positive learning experience for the student. The article reviews literature that outlines different types of technology and the ways technology can complement an online class.

Dr. Elwood Williams Stringam

It is with sadness that we announce the passing of Dr. Elwood W. Stringam on July 9, 2011 at the age of 93 at Ridge Meadows Hospital, Maple Ridge, BC. Dr. Stringam was predeceased by his first wife Gabrielle (Wellington) in 1989 and his second wife Lila (Morrow) in 2004. He leaves to mourn his passing one brother and six children and their families. Dr. Stringam was born on December 10, 1917, in Glenwood, Alberta. He grew up ranching and attended the University of Alberta receiving a B.Sc. (Agric.) in 1940 (CSTA Gold Medalist) and his M.Sc. (Nutrition) in 1942. That same year he joined the Canadian Armed Forces and spent the next three years (1942 1945) with the RCAF and was a prisoner of war in Germany from 1944 to 1945. After the war Dr. Strigam continued his studies in genetics and animal reproduction at the University of Minnesota, receiving his Ph.D. in 1948. Dr. Stringam began his academic career at the University of Manitoba as an Assistant Professor (1948 1951) and the University of Guelph as an Associate and Full Professor (1951 1954). In 1954, Dr. Stringam returned to the University of Manitoba as Professor and Head, Department of Animal Science, where he provided outstanding service to the Department, Faculty, University and livestock industry until his retirement in 1983. One of the most dynamic periods in the Department occurred during his period as Head (1954 to 1973). Dr. Stringam had a vision for the Department and worked relentlessly to achieve his goal. The new Animal Science building was opened in 1962 with spacious offices, laboratories, lecture rooms and a bright and pleasant courtyard, the envy of many. This building provided a more than tenfold increase in teaching and research capacity. Almost concurrently, two poultry research units, one sheep unit and a feed mill were constructed on campus, and new swine, dairy and beef units were established at the Glenlea Research Station. At the same time, Dr. Stringam negotiated for and recruited eight new academic staff needed to initiate the new programs envisioned, including the Ph.D. program. This development also resulted in a substantial increase in undergraduate students. As a scientist, Dr. Stringam authored or co-authored more than 60 publications and was frequently interviewed on radio and TV regarding livestock production and agricultural education. Dr. Stringam provided service on numerous boards, councils and committees within the University, nine professional and scientific societies and industry. He served on the General Faculty Council of the University, Board of Graduate Studies, Senate and numerous Senate committees. He served as a Director (1961 1963), VicePresident (1962 1963), President-Elect (1965 1966) and President (1966 1967) of the Agricultural Institute of Canada (AIC) and Registrar (195

Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: path and challenges from conception to a World Health Organization primary register

Following the reforms in 1985 in which medical education was integrated into the National Health Service, we have witnessed an increase in teaching, training, and research capacity, improvement in quality of services, and a major boost in medical research in Iran. Following the surge in research activity, the need for public registration of clinical trials was raised within academic circles, particularly after the initiative by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors in 2004. In line with this global movement, the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials was developed by a team of Iranian researchers with support from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. In our experience, the challenges for developing a national registry for clinical trials are: (i) choosing a committed, versatile leader with the skills and expertise to work and communicate with a variety of stakeholders and other people involved in the process; (ii) securing the necessary resources and political support to minimize resistance and act as a positive force for implementing changes; (iii) developing strong liaison between the information technology team and website administrators to develop a highly functioning website; and (iv) developing the culture of transparency within society in general, and the research community in particular, which goes far beyond setting up a registry. The Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials has made a good start, and should fulfill its mission of providing an accessible source of information for the general public and researchers. This is the goal we have set ourselves.

The Coming Accounting Crisis

The accounting profession is facing a potential crisis not only from the overall shortage of accounting faculty driven by smaller numbers of new faculty entering the profession as many existing faculty retire but also from changes that have been less well documented. This includes: (1) changes in attitude towards the roles of teaching, service and research and (2) changes in performance measurement and compensation. If not adequately addressed, many institutions may have difficulty staffing adequate sections of accounting courses. Implications could include an even greater increase in teaching by non-tenure track faculty, which could have significant implications for accreditation and potentially on the quality of accounting education

Teaching and assessing intermediate macroeconomics: An innovative approach

Research on pedagogica1 issues associated with the delivery and assessment of economics curriculum has increased noticeably since the early 1990s. This has been driven partly by necessity, as declining numbers in economics majors have caused departments to evaluate their performance, partly by the interests of some economists in pedagogy and partly by an increase in teaching of economics to students who have opted for majors other than economics. This paper arises from the latter two causes and reports on an innovation that has been used since 2000 with classes containing both business economics and international business students at Auckland University of Technology (AUT), Auckland, New Zealand. Given that students in international business at AUT are drawn from a range of faculties, including business, science and arts, there is no guarantee that they have any background in economics when they enrol in Business and the Macroeconomic Environment, an intermediate level open economy macroeconomics paper and a core paper in both the Business Economics and the International Business majors in the Bachelor of Business Degree. The business economics major students have completed the equivalent of a first year macroeconomics course before they enter this paper. In order to meet the needs of the course and those of the students, the lecturers on this course have developed an innovative assessment and teaching approach. The emphasis of this approach is in aiding the students to cross the threshold from theory to application using real world data and a business application. The rationale for, and details of the approach are outlined and the performance of this new approach is briefly evaluated.

Endodontic patient profile of Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry in Ankara, Turkey

To assess previous patient experience of endodontic treatment and to quantify their satisfaction with the endodontic treatment provided in a dental school clinic. Self-completed questionnaire. Hacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara, Turkey. 200 randomly selected, scheduled non-emergency patients in good health and older than 11 years who were to be treated by undergraduate, graduate students and academics. Patient satisfaction and attitudes to root canal therapy. 96 per cent of patients, regardless their level of education, age and sex, reported that they expected RCT would save their teeth. 15 per cent of the patients were in favour of extraction versus RCT before the therapy, but this reduced to only 2.5 per cent post treatment. 82 per cent of patients reported that they were satisfied with their treatment and the clinic. Increasing public knowledge of and interest in endodontic treatment indicates that the need for an increase in teaching of the subject and associated resources will be required.

Introducing complementary medicine into the medical curriculum.

We surveyed the deans of British medical schools to determine the provision of complementary medicine in the undergraduate curriculum. We also sampled medical students at one British medical school to determine their knowledge of, and views on instruction in, complementary medicine. There is little education in complementary medicine at British medical schools, but it is an area of active curriculum development. Students' levels of knowledge vary widely between different therapies. Most medical students would like to learn about acupuncture, hypnosis, homoeopathy and osteopathy. We conclude that complementary medicine should be included in the medical undergraduate curriculum. This could be done without a great increase in teaching of facts, and could serve as a vehicle to introduce broader issues, as recommended by the General Medical Council.