Teaching Hospital Research Articles

A service evaluation of emergency laparotomy and total parenteral nutrition at a single teaching hospital

A service evaluation of emergency laparotomy and total parenteral nutrition at a single teaching hospital

Lungs Tumor Classification using Convolutional Neural Network

The research focuses on classifying lung cancer using the VGG-19 architecture. The datasets were sourced from Iraq-Oncology Teaching Hospital with 70% of the data allocated for training and 30% for testing. Performance metrics were computed to evaluate the effectiveness of the classification method. Python is utilized for designing the algorithm and executed using Goggle Colab. The lung tumor classification using VGG-19 offers an accuracy of 95%, sensitivity of 88.79%, specificity of 98.25 %, and F1-Score of 93.28%. However, the low sensitivity value indicates that the VGG-19 architecture is not accurately predicting benign and malignant cases.

Effectiveness of team-focused CPR on in-hospital CPR quality and outcomes

ObjectiveWe sought to identify changes in neurological outcome over time following initial training and subsequent implementation of team-focused CPR in an inpatient setting where responders practice specific roles with emphasis on minimally interrupted chest compressions and early defibrillation. MethodsThis retrospective pre- vs post-intervention study was conducted at an urban 900-bed teaching hospital and Level I Cardiac Resuscitation Center. We included adult patients suffering in-hospital cardiac arrest occurring in non-emergency department and non-intensive care unit areas who received CPR and/or defibrillation. We compared survival with good neurological outcome at time of hospital discharge in the one-year periods before and after implementation of team-focused CPR. To investigate skill degradation, we compared cumulative survival with good neurological outcome in 3-month intervals against the before team-focused CPR baseline. Trained research associates abstracted explicitly defined variables from electronic health records using a standardized form and data dictionary to achieve consistency between collaborators. ResultsOf 296 IHCAs, 207 patients met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. In 104 patients before team-focused CPR initiation, survival with good neurological outcome was 21%. In the 12-month period following team-focused CPR initiation, survival with good neurological outcome was 31% in 101 patients, risk difference 9.9% (95% CI −2 to 22%; p = 0.14). By quarterly time intervals, following team-focused CPR implementation, the cumulative survival with good neurological outcome at 3 months was 42%; at 6 months 37%; at 9 months 31%; and at 12 months 31%. ConclusionIn our single-institution implementation of team-focused CPR for in-hospital cardiac arrest, outcomes significantly improved at 6 months before declining towards baseline.

Menu availability for patients on the medicine for older people wards at a large acute teaching hospital: a service evaluation

Menu availability for patients on the medicine for older people wards at a large acute teaching hospital: a service evaluation

Hospital acquired infection in the intensive care unit at Kigali University Teaching Hospital, a retrospective study

Hospital acquired infection in the intensive care unit at Kigali University Teaching Hospital, a retrospective study

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Common Gram-Negative Microorganisms Isolated from Patients with Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in a Teaching Hospital in Vietnam.

This cross-sectional study investigated the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of gram-negative pathogens isolated from 4,789 hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). Of the collected specimens, 1,325 (27.7%) tested positive for gram-negative bacteria. Acinetobacter baumannii (38.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.7%), Escherichia coli (5.6%), and Klebsiella aerogenes (3.5%) were the most prevalent isolates. AMR analysis revealed high resistance rates (79.9%-100%) of A. baumannii isolates to multiple classes of antibiotics except amikacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and colistin. P. aeruginosa displayed low resistance to colistin (< 10%) but high resistance to other antibiotics. K. pneumoniae displayed high resistance rates of 90.0%-100.0% to most penicillins, whereas resistance rates were notably lower for colistin (7.1%) and amikacin (16.7%). K. aerogenes exhibited high resistance to various antibiotics and sensitivity to amikacin (95.1%), ampicillin (100.0%), and colistin (100.0%). E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin (96.9%) and maximum sensitivity to several antibiotics. Our study identified significant AMR trends and highlighted the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains (93.6% for K. aerogenes and 69.1%-92.4% for other isolates). These findings emphasize the urgent need for appropriate antibiotic management practices to combat AMR in gram-negative pathogens associated with LRTIs.

Effect of methanol stem bark extract of Ochna schweinfurthiana (Ezeata) on liver enzymes in Wistar rats

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Amaku, Awka. Anambra State. Nigeria. 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli campus. Anambra State. Nigeria. 3 Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Royal Bournemouth Hospital (University Hospital Dorset NHS Foundation Trust) Bournemouth, England, BH7 7DW United Kingdom. 4 Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Royal Bournemouth Hospital (University Hospital Dorset NHS Foundation Trust) Bournemouth, England, BH7 7DW United Kingdom. 5 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Abia StateUniversity Teaching Hospital, Aba. Abia State. Nigeria.

Combined activity of blue vitriol, brimstone and black stone on clinical Candida species isolates using fractional inhibitory concentration Index

Combination antimicrobial therapy (CAT) involves intentional addition of two or more antimicrobial agents for better therapeutic outcome. CAT is normally applied for treatment of polymicrobial infections, life-threatening infections and prevention of the emergence of resistance. This research aimed at determining the combined activity of blue vitriol, brimstone and black stone on clinical Candida species isolates using Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index. The brimstone, blue vitriol and black stone samples were purchased from a community market in southeastern Nigeria. The isolates were obtained from high vaginal swab samples of patients attending a Teaching hospital in Nigeria and identified based on their morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the samples were determined using the broth dilution method. The fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FICI) of the samples against the isolates were obtained from their individual FIC values. FICI of &lt;1 indicates synergism; 1 to 2 (Indifference); while &gt;2 (antagonism). All the test agents were synergistic against C. albicans (FICI &lt; 1). All the test agents were indifferent against C. tropicalis (FICI 1 - 2). Brimstone + black stone combination was indifferent (FICI 1 - 2) against C. glabrata; while all the test agents were antagonistic against the isolate (FICI &gt; 2). Blue vitriol + Black stone combination was antagonistic (FICI &gt; 2) against C. parapsilosis; Blue vitriol + brimstone was indifferent (FICI 1 - 2); while brimstone + black stone was synergistic (FICI &lt; 1). The findings have revealed that antimicrobial combination outcome could be synergistic, antagonistic or indifferent; thus the need for proper in vitro screening before combination therapy.

Frequency and pattern of acute kidney injury in patients with acute stroke

Background and objective: Stroke is a severe disease of the nervous system resulting in disability and death of the affected individual. Acute kidney injury (AKI) which is a clinical syndrome due to sudden renal function decline is considered as an important factor that increases fatality following a stroke. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the frequency and pattern of AKI in stroke patients and the outcome of patients with stroke and AKI. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out at the Delta State University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH), Oghara, Delta state, which is a public tertiary health institution in Delta state in a semi-urban area in southern Nigeria. Results: The mean age of patients was 58.9 ± 14.2 years. Slightly above half (53.7%) of the patients were males. Haemorrhagic stroke was the most common type of stroke. Hypertension was the most frequent co-morbid condition (59.0%). Twenty (14.9%) had acute kidney injury, of which stage one AKI was the most dominant (75.0%). Majority of the patients (79.9%) survived. Having sepsis was a significant factor associated with the presence of AKI. None of the clinical characteristics was associated with outcome of patients. Conclusion: The frequency of AKI in stroke patients was 14.9%, with majority of the patients presenting with stage 1 AKI. Presence of sepsis was a significant risk factor for development of AKI in patients with acute stroke, while hypertension was the most prevalent comorbid condition in patients with acute stroke, thus the need for continuous screening of stroke patients for hypertension.

Detection of helicobacter pylori by urea breathe test in a Nigerian population with upper gastrointestinal symptoms

Background: Helicobacter Pylori, a class one carcinogen is common globally with about 50% of the world’s population affected. It causes severe symptoms and complications including peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer in infected persons. This study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori as well as the clinical profile of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms seen at the Rivers State University Teaching hospital. Methodology: One hundred consecutive patients with upper GI symptoms undergoing Urea Breath test who fulfilled the inclusion criteria constituted the study population. The data was analyzed using IBM-SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Results were presented as means ± standard deviation and percentages/number for quantitative and qualitative variables respectively, while Categorical variables were compared with Pearson’s Chi-square. Result: Of the one hundred patients studied, 35 (35%) were males and 65 (65%) were females with a mean age of 49.56 ±14. 68. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori was 33% affecting more females than males. The most common symptoms in the patients at presentation were heartburn (51%), epigastric pain (47%) and dyspepsia (35%). There was an insignificant positive correlation between the detection of Helicobacter pylori and a prior exposure to proton pump inhibitors. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. This buttresses the need for testing and treatment among Nigerians who present with such symptoms.

Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile of bacteria associated with nosocomial infections: A case study of Ekiti -State Teaching Hospital

Many serious health problems resulting in an enormous burden of morbidity and high health care costs are traceable to infections caused by the nosocomial pathogens; major victims are relatives of patients, the care givers who are doing their legal duties and at times the patients whose conditions could be complicated. The causative organisms of these infections and their sensitivity to antibiotics need to be ascertained. This study investigated the antibiotic sensitivity and plasmid profile of bacteria associated with nosocomial infections. A total of 45 samples were collected from children, male and female surgical wards in Ekiti State Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti by using swab sticks and settling plates method. Isolation of bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity and plasmid profiling of the isolates were carried out using standard microbiological methods. The results showed that a total of 56 bacterial isolates were obtained from the 3 different wards, this includes Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus fermenti, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus luteus. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest frequency of occurrence with 30(53.6%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis 10(17.7%), Escherichia coli 7(12.5%), Lactobacillus fermentii and Micrococcus luteus 3(5.4%) and Bacillus subtilis 2(3.6%) respectively, while Bacillus cereus 1(1.8%) had the least frequency of occurrence. The gram positive isolates were more resistant to the antibiotics compare to the gram negative isolates, Staphylococcus aureus was the most resistant of all the isolates followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, the five representative resistant isolates harbored plasmid of different sizes. The findings of this study suggests that patients, care givers and visitors to the hospital should maintain good personal hygiene and proper sanitary measures to avoid nosocomial infections, therefore, surveillance of nosocomial pathogens is important to reduce hospital stay, cost, morbidity and mortality rate.

Establishment of a functional Orthopaedic Department in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: The problems, peculiarities and prospects

Establishing a functional orthopaedic department in a Nigerian teaching hospital faces challenges like staff attitude, equipment shortages, and regulatory hurdles. Solutions include infrastructure development, equipment procurement, and staff recruitment. Strategies for equipment shortages include capital investment and improved inventory management. Cultural competence training and community involvement address cultural factors impacting patient care. Quality control and innovation are crucial, necessitating audits and research collaborations. Ethical considerations, like patient consent, are paramount. Intramural Private Practice (IPP) integrates private and institutional healthcare, enhancing service delivery. Structured guidelines ensure operational integrity. Overall, a holistic approach focusing on staff management, quality, and patient-centred care is essential for a successful establishment. Keywords: orthopaedic department, challenges, solutions, cultural factors, quality control.

Retrospective evaluation of the utility of shock index to determine the presence of congestive heart failure in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (2019-2021): 98 cases.

To calculate the shock index (SI) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and to evaluate its use to predict the presence of congestive heart failure (CHF). Retrospective study. Small animal university veterinary teaching hospital. Ninety-eight dogs with MMVD and 20 healthy dogs as part of a control group. Heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were recorded, and SI was calculated by dividing HR by SBP for each dog. The mean (SD) HR, SBP, and SI were 123/min (32.6), 147mmHg (21.5), and 0.86 (0.3), respectively, for dogs with MMVD and 98/min (20.9), 145mmHg (18.7), and 0.68 (0.13), respectively, for control dogs. Dogs with MMVD had a significantly higher HR compared with control dogs (P<0.01), and an elevation in HR was seen as the severity of MMVD increased. Dogs in stage B2 and C/D MMVD had a significantly higher SI value compared with control dogs (P=0.04 and P<0.01, respectively). SI was significantly higher in dogs in stage C/D MMVD compared with dogs in stage B2 MMVD (P<0.01). Ten of 98 (10%) dogs had an arrhythmia. HR, SBP, and SI were not significantly different between dogs with and without arrhythmias (P=0.13, P=0.57, and P=0.07, respectively), but significantly more dogs with CHF had an arrhythmia (P=0.01). SI (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.98) and HR (AUC: 0.95) were excellent indicators for the presence of CHF. An optimal SI cutoff value ≥1.1 had 92% sensitivity and 95% specificity for predicting the presence of CHF, and an optimal HR cutoff value of ≥157/min had 92% sensitivity and 93% specificity for the prediction of CHF. When there are compatible clinical signs, SI values ≥1.1 may suggest the presence of CHF in dogs with MMVD.

Retrospective evaluation of a right heart parameter score in the assessment of precapillary pulmonary hypertension in dogs (2017-2021): 135 cases.

To determine if emergency and critical care residents can identify moderate to severe precapillary pulmonary hypertension on cardiologist-obtained cineloops using a pulmonary hypertension score (PHS) and report the interobserver variability of the PHS. Multicenter, retrospective, case-control study from 2017 to 2021. Private referral center and veterinary teaching hospital. One hundred and thirty-five client-owned dogs that underwent diagnostic echocardiography. None. Medical records of dogs with stage B1 myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and dogs diagnosed with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PCPH) via echocardiograms were reviewed. Dogs were categorized by a cardiologist into 5 groups (normal, B1 MMVD, mild, moderate, and severe PCPH) based on Doppler pulmonary pressure gradients and right heart morphology. Cineloops from each case were subjectively evaluated by emergency and critical care residents for the presence of right atrial and ventricular enlargement, right ventricular hypertrophy, interventricular septal flattening, and pulmonary artery and trunk enlargement to form a composite pulmonary hypertension score out of 8 (PHS8). When available, signs of peritoneal effusion and distention of the caudal vena cava were subjectively assessed to generate a pulmonary hypertension score out of 10 (PHS10). There was excellent discrimination of moderate to severe PCPH versus grouped absent to mild PCPH using PHS8 (area under the receiver operator curve [AUC] [95% confidence interval, CI]=0.90 [0.84-0.95], P<0.0001) and PHS10 (AUC [95% CI]=0.89 [0.81-0.97], P<0.0001). PHS8≥3 was 64% sensitive and 98% specific for moderate to severe PCPH (positive likelihood ratio [LR+] 32, negative likelihood ration [LR-] 0.37). PHS10≥3.3 was 64% sensitive and 92% specific for moderate to severe PCPH (LR+ 8, LR- 0.39). Interobserver agreement was good to excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.74 [95% CI: 0.66-0.80], n=135). Residents identified moderate to severe PCPH in dogs using PHS on cineloops previously obtained by a cardiologist. The interrater agreement was good to excellent with limited training. Prospective studies to determine if residents can obtain diagnostic images for PHS are warranted.

Outcomes from Early Experience with Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair Versus Open Technique

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) regarding postoperative pain, recurrence rates, duration of hospital stay and other postoperative outcomes within the context of a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India, and the initial experience of laparoscopic repairs. The current consensus in the literature often suggests LIHR as superior to open inguinal hernia repair (OIHR). Methods: This single-centre, retrospective, observational study was conducted at the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Education and Research, Puducherry, India, from January 2011 to September 2020. All patients who underwent elective OIHR and LIHR were included. Data on the patients demographics, comorbidities, hernia type, mesh characteristics, surgery duration, hospital stay and immediate postoperative complications were collected and analysed. Results: A total of 2,690 OIHR and 158 LIHR cases were identified. The demographic profiles, hospital stay and complication rates were similar in both groups. However, surgical site infection was present exclusively in the OIHR group (3.55% versus 0.0%; P &lt;0.05). The timeline for returning to normal activities was statistically shorter for the LIHR group (6 versus 8 days; P &lt;0.05). The most frequent immediate complication in the LIHR group was subcutaneous emphysema (6.54% versus 0.0%; P &lt;0.05). Recurrence (9.23% versus 3.61%; P = 0.09) and chronic pain (41.53% versus 13.55%; P &lt;0.05) were higher in the LIHR group. Conclusion: Lower recurrence and chronic pain rates were observed with OIHR in the initial experience with LIHR in the hospital. However, LIHR had significant advantages concerning faster patient recovery and lower rates of surgical site infections. While the results contribute an interesting deviation from the standard narrative, they should be interpreted within the context of a learning curve associated with the early experience of the research team with LIHR. Keywords: Hernia; Inguinal Hernia; Laparoscopy; India.

Effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Teaching and Learning Method Among Underachievers in Physiology: Experience From a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Effectiveness of the Flipped Classroom Teaching and Learning Method Among Underachievers in Physiology: Experience From a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Detection and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Candida Species Isolated from the Urine of Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility, Southwest Nigeria

Aims: This study aimed to identify and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Candida species causing UTI among patients attending a tertiary Teaching Hospital, in southwest Nigeria. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Nigeria between June 2017 and February, 2018. Methodology: A total of 250 participants whose provisional diagnosis was candiduria were recruited for this study. Urine samples were collected from consenting participants early in the morning into sterile wide mouth universal containers. These samples were cultured aerobically on Blood agar, Cystine-Lactose-Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SAB) at 370C within 1 to 2 days. The isolates were profiled into species level using microscopic, biochemical test, chromogenic media (Chrom agar Candida) and Analytical Profile Index (API) 32C examination analysis. Results: An overall rate for Candidiasis in this study was 12.8% (32/250). The rate was higher in female 17.5% compared to 6.5% in their male counterparts (p=0.014). Highest rate of infections peaked at 28.6% among age group 83-92 years and lowest (6.7%) in age group 23-32 years. A total of 11 (4.4%) urine culture from participants produced C. albicans pure fungi isolates. However, by gender, this was statistically significant (p=0.003). A total of 81 bacterial (32.4%) and fungal isolates 32 (12.8%) were isolated and profiled. Distribution of Candida species indicated highest incidence in age range 31-40 years, followed by 21-30years and age 61-70 years age brackets. The isolated species were Candida albicans 11(34.4%), C. tropicalis 8(25%), C. parapsilopsis 6(19%), C. krusei 2(6.3%) and C. hellenica 1(3.1%). Sixty to seventy percent of fungal isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole and fluconazole while the susceptibility pattern of Candida species to itraconazole, terbinafine and nystatin varied between moderately susceptible to resistance. All the Candida isolates were resistant to griseofulvin. However, C. albicans was found to be the major Candida species causing Candidal urinary tract infection. The only C. hellenica isolated was resistant to all the antifungal drugs were approved except nystatin. Conclusion: High profile of Candida isolates and related UTI microbes were found in this study. There is need for advocacy for the use of API and Chrom agar Candida for routine diagnosis for Candida identification. Nevertheless, the Candida isolates were mostly susceptible to ketoconazole and Fluconazole but only the isolates were griseofulvin resistant.

Patient Satisfaction and Experience with Same-Day Discharge After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Mixed-Methods study.

Same-day discharge (SDD) after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a safe and effective healthcare pathway. However, there is limited understanding of the patient perspective on SDD. The aim of this study was to explore patient satisfaction and experience with SDD after RYGB. A mixed-methods study with a concurrent design was conducted in a Dutch teaching hospital, using questionnaires and interviews. Patients who underwent RYGB and were discharged on the day of the surgery completed four questionnaires of the BODY-Q (satisfaction with the surgeon, satisfaction with the medical team, satisfaction with the office staff, and satisfaction with information provision) ± 4months postoperative. The results of the questionnaires were compared with pre-existing data from a cohort of patients who stayed overnight after surgery (i.e., control group). A subset of patients was individually interviewed for an in-depth understanding of the patient perspective on SDD. In the questionnaires, median scores for the control group (n = 158) versus the present group of patients (n = 51) were as follows: 92/100 vs. 92/100 (p = 0.331) for the surgeon, 100/100 vs. 92/100 (p = 0.775) for the medical team, 100/100 vs. 100/100 (p = 0.616) for the office staff, and 90/100 vs. 73/100 (p = 0.015) for information provision. Interviews with 14 patients revealed seven themes, describing high satisfaction, along with several points of interest. Patient satisfaction with SDD after RYGB is high, although information provision regarding the day of surgery could be improved. However, not every medically eligible patient might be suitable for this healthcare pathway, as responsibilities are shifted.

Challenges and strategies in the surgical management of traumatic spinal cord injuries in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

BackgroundSignificant progress has been made in the management of traumatic spinal cord injuries. However, deep disparities persist in developing countries. This work aims to describe the different challenges in the surgical management of traumatic spinal cord injuries at the Kinshasa University Teaching Hospital and some strategies implemented to overcome them. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of 105 patients from January 2016 to June 2023. The variables of interest included: gender, age, cause, levels of lesion, hospital admission modalities, time to admission, time to surgery, AIS score at admission and on discharge, treatment, pre, peri- and post-operative complications and outcome. ResultsWe admitted 105 patients. Only 16 % of them were taken to hospital in an ambulance. The average admission time was 49.9 ± 81.79 days. Seventy-two patients (68.6 %) were operated. The average time to surgery was 62.43 ± 85.20 days. No patient was stabilized at the trauma site. Osteosynthesis was performed with appropriate implants in 63.2 % and with improvised elements in 26.8 %. Four patients were operated without an image intensifier. Short-segmental fixation was performed in 8 patients. Twenty-one patients developed pressure ulcers. At discharge, 24 patients recovered their neurological function. Neurological status remained stationary in 43 patients. Five patients died. Seventeen patients went to rehabilitation center. There was no significant difference between the improvised strategies implemented and conventional procedures on functional recovery upon discharge from hospital or rehabilitation centre (p-value : 0.838 and 0.468 respectively). ConclusionOur establishment faces many challenges in TSCI surgery: lack of pre-hospital emergency services and mutual health insurance, delay in admission, lack of surgical implants and image intensifier, the poverty of the population. Some strategies have been implemented to overcome some of them.

Occurrence and management of lower respiratory tract infections in children at a Nigerian tertiary hospital

Objectives Infectious diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea, and malaria are the major causes of child mortality, with pneumonia, a lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), being the foremost of the three. Antimicrobial agents are required to treat LRTIs, such as pneumonia caused by bacteria, while those commonly caused by viruses, such as bronchiolitis, do not benefit from antimicrobial therapy unless laboratory tests indicate otherwise. When not shown, empirical management of patients using antimicrobials remains a risk factor for antimicrobial resistance in the management of LRTIs. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of LRTIs in children who presented with acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and evaluate their management in comparison with the guidelines. Material and Methods The study was a descriptive retrospective review of prescribing records for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) presented at the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki (AE-FUTHA), Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Data were collected through systematic sampling of the case folders of children aged five years and below who presented with RTIs from January to December 2021, using a data collection proforma. Collected data were cleaned and coded, and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 28 was used for analysis. Results There were 422 case folders containing diagnoses of RTIs. Of these, 36 (8.5%) were diagnosed with LRTIs and 28 (6.6%) had no comorbidity. Of the 28 cases without comorbidities, pneumonia (20;71.4%) and bronchiolitis (8;28.6%) were the only two LRTIs. Antibiotics were the most prescribed medications, followed by vitamins (8;28.6%) and antihistamines (7;25.0%). There were seven types and three combinations of antibiotic medications, the most being cefuroxime (10;35.7%) followed by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (7; 25.0%). One case of pneumonia did not receive an antibiotic. Laboratory investigations were not conducted for the majority (25;89.3%) of the cases presented. Conclusion This study showed that the LRTIs presented were mostly managed using the recommended antibiotics for pneumonia. Antibiotics for bronchiolitis without confirmation by laboratory tests may not have been justified as most of them are of viral origin. Deviations from guidelines may be reduced if national protocols are developed in managing LRTIs.