Teacher Education In Indonesia Research Articles

Research Thinking for Responsive Teaching: Research Skill Development with In-service and Preservice Educators

The book focuses on responsive teaching, highlighting the importance of adaptability and the effective utilization of resources to meet the needs of diverse learners. In the context of Education 4.0, digital literacy is crucial; however, educators also require clear objectives and a comprehensive understanding of their practices to maintain professional autonomy. The book presents the Research Skills Development (RSD) framework to guide teachers' research thinking across various contexts, including secondary schools in Australia and Canada, as well as pre-service teacher education in Indonesia and the United States.

Technological Pedagogical Knowledge Factors for Professional Teacher Candidates in Elementary Schools: A Structural Equation Model

Technological pedagogical knowledge is quite a serious issue and is a problem today. This is based on conditions in the field which show that not all teachers are well prepared with this knowledge. This study aims to empirically find factors that influence the technological and pedagogical knowledge of prospective professional teachers in elementary schools. This research is survey research using a quantitative approach. This research design uses a structural equation model. This design involves four variables, namely content knowledge, technological knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and technological and pedagogical knowledge. The subjects of this research were participants in professional teacher education in Indonesia. The sample participants for this study were randomly selected as many as 151 participants. The data collection technique for this research was carried out using a questionnaire. The research instrument measures four variables using 12 measuring items which are indicators for variable measurement. Data were analyzed by structural equation model. The research results show that an important factor that has a dominant effect on the formation of teachers' technological pedagogical knowledge is good technological knowledge. In addition, pedagogical knowledge is also one of the triggers for technological pedagogy knowledge. Although based on empirical findings, the influence of this knowledge is not as great as technological knowledge. Furthermore, the factor of technological pedagogical knowledge is also indirectly shown in the content knowledge variable. The findings of this study explain that there is a fairly strong indirect effect.

Revisiting Pre-Service Education for Secondary EFL Teachers in Indonesia

In recent decades, English has gained prominence in Indonesia. However, due to instructors' lack of English proficiency, English instruction at the secondary level shows a significant failure. Today, amid the COVID-19 epidemic, which has pushed remote education, the challenge of teaching English as a foreign language in Indonesian secondary schools becomes more severe. Due to in-service teachers' lack of English proficiency and ICT abilities, future Indonesian English teachers' pre-service education at the secondary level should be revisited. This qualitative study investigates the extent to which teacher education programs (PPG) equip prospective EFL instructors to use Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) in their classroom instruction. It also explores the viewpoints of pre-service EFL teachers (student teachers) and teacher educators on EFL pre-service teacher education programs at several Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) in West Java, Indonesia. Results of surveys and semi-structured interviews as the primary data sources underline the importance of preparing future English teachers by utilising TPACK and providing teacher educators with all the skills and materials required to train their students properly. A key finding of this study is the insufficient English competencies of teacher educators and pre-service teachers. This research is vital for improving English teacher education in Indonesia.

Revisiting Thompson’s Multicultural Disposition Index in preservice English teacher education in Indonesia

Despite the growing body of literature recognizing the importance of multicultural education in the 21st Century, little is known about the preservice English teachers’ (PSETs) multicultural disposition (MD) in the Indonesian setting. This survey study examined the Multicultural Dispositions Index (MDI) of PSETs. The 22 items of Thompson’s (2009a) MDI scales with four dimensions, i.e., cross-cultural competence, multicultural worldview, knowledge of professional and personal self, and professional skills and commitment, were adopted to explore the PSET MDI in this study. It was a nine-type self-report scale. The study involved 185 PSETs (aged 17–22 years; 146 females and 39 males) from one of well-established teacher education universities in Indonesia. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis was conducted to confirm the underlying MDI dimensions. The findings showed that the PSETs MDI was best represented by 18 items that emerged into the same four dimensions. It means the PSETs in Indonesia possess the four dimensions of multicultural dispositions, facilitating them to navigate school-level multicultural education. Four items from the original 22 items of MDI must be due to the cross-loading and low factor loading since the value was found to be more than 0.50. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the MDI be revised when used in the Indonesian multicultural context.

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE PRE-SERVICE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM: THE KNOWLEDGE BASE AND CURRICULUM

<span>This short contribution is a brief theoretical perspective of English Language Teacher Education (ELTE) from the existing theories started from 1985 to 2014. It reviews the theories of English language teacher education around the globe and in Indonesia. The main focus of this article is concerned with the knowledge base and the curriculum viewed from various perspectives. To link the theories of English language teacher education in Indonesia with the needs of school context, an overview of the existing curriculum at secondary level adds further description.</span>

MULTICULTURALISM IN CHILDREN'S LITERATURE: A STUDY OF POETRIES BY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Purpose of the Study: This study aims to explain the collection of children's poetry by elementary school students in a book entitled "Keragaman Budaya Indonesia" and "Sehimpun Puisi. Resep Membuat Jagat Raya" in the multiculturalism perspective.
 Methodology: This study used the qualitative study paradigm rules with the content analysis method. The data in this study were the multiculturalism values in children's poetry. The data were sourced from a poetries book by elementary school students. They were then analyzed using interactive analysis techniques (data reduction, data presentation, and verification).
 Main Findings: The findings showed that there are fourteen indicators of multiculturalism, among others, respect for cultural equality, social class, ethnicity, gender, language, religion, race, skin color, and pluralism, equality of rights, customs, behavior patterns, education equality and tolerance in the poetries book.
 Applications of this study: The results of this study can be useful for teachers and elementary school students in Indonesia in teaching poetry writing and inculcating the values of multiculturalism. Also, it can be beneficial for the lecturers and the university students of Elementary School Teacher Education in Indonesia in teaching children's literature with multiculturalism.
 Novelty/Originality: The novelty of this research/study is to explore a collection of children's poetry books written by elementary school students from the perspective of multiculturalism. The importance of early recognition of the value of multiculturalism in children is used to teach children to respect each other and live in harmony and free from the prejudices of religious discrimination, gender, race, culture, skin color, social class, educational equality, and student diversity.

Designing 21st Century Language Learning Scenario in Indonesia: A Perspective from Computer-Assisted Language Learning

The integration of international quality assurance standards into Indonesian higher education curricula, together with the enactment of the New Standard of Higher Education (NSHE), are creating new and significant pressures on the curriculum renewal as well as the reconstruction of course syllabus design in foreign language departments in Indonesian universities. Just like any other units (courses) in foreign language departments in Indonesia, Academic Writing course at English Language Teacher Education (ELTE) is impacted by the new government policies. Latest research suggest that both curriculum renewal and syllabus development project are integral part of the quality assurance system where it focuses on the transparency and accountability in curriculum design and delivery. The key elements of the course syllabus that are made transparent and accountable, for instance, gives hints at the shifting knowledge structures, the use of new technologies, the emphasis on the development of students’ skills, and the extended responsibility being placed on students for their own learning development. This paper reports how these key elements are inserted into a learner-centred pedagogy of academic writing at ELTE department in Indonesia in order to meet the requirements of the 21 st century learning that are individual, personalized, adaptive, modular, integrated, and non-sequential. The establishment of computer-assisted language learning environment combined with the new pedagogy of academic writing, in essence, opposes the existing traditional approaches to language learning and literacy pedagogy in Indonesia. The entire story presented in this paper is a significant excerpt from the preliminary phase of experiment of a PhD research project conducted in Indonesia. The insights presented in this paper should trigger a holistic reform in language teacher education in Indonesia.

Development and validation of a test instrument to measure pre-service mathematics teachers’ content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge

Teacher education in Indonesia aims to prepare pre-service teachers in becoming professional teaching personnel. Two important knowledge need to be acquired are content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). However, it is still a challenge to measure the pre-service mathematics teachers’ CK and PCK. Therefore, the first aim of the present study is to develop and validate a test instrument to measure CK and PCK of pre-service mathematics teachers on high school level mathematics. Second, the present study aims to measure the CK and PCK of pre-service mathematics teachers by using the developed instrument. The present study employed developmental research method and used students’ empirical data in investigating the validity, objectivity, and reliability of the instrument. The results of the study and its implications for future research and practice then will be presented in the paper.

Policy Studies of Educational Finance for Teacher Education in Indonesia

This paper is about policies on educational finance for teacher education in Indonesia. The author looks at how financing education has been conducted in Indonesia more so for the higher education sector. It is believed that the quality of education will highly depend on the amount of funds allocated. The paper explores how this has been done in the last few years within Indonesia.

What Happened to Initial Teacher Education in Indonesia? AReview of the Literature

This paper provides an overview of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) in Indonesia over the past seven decades (1950-2019) from some theme-related literature. The summary of the socio and geographical background which affect the quality of teachers in the national scale is briefly presented followed by the information about Indonesian student achievement and the need of improvement of ITE in the literature. This paper focuses on the impacts of some historical, political and ITE educational system background to the development of teacher education. The review also illustrates the challenges and condition of ITE nowadays. The paper suggested a program outcome evaluation study as one of the possible solutions to improve and sustain the quality of ITE and its graduates.

Quality conventions in the exported Finnish master\u2019s degree programme in teacher education in Indonesia

In recent higher education research, quality in education export action has been explored from the perspective of traditional education export countries such as the UK and USA. However, less attention is given to novice education export providers that rely on different educational traditions. In this article, we explore quality of education as it is done in one exported Finnish master’s degree programme in teacher education in Indonesia. Our theoretical premise is based on the convention theory that relies on pragmatic sociology. The empirical data consist of 16 semi-structured students’ and staff members’ interviews gathered between the years 2016 and 2017 in Finland and in Indonesia. The results of this study stress the plurality of the quality factors that indicate the expectations by the students and the staff members, but also the priorities of the providers as to what is essential in exported degree-based education. From the perspective of convention theory, these considerations emphasize that the successful implementation of the exported master’s degree programme in teacher education is based on the professional-academic convention (as research-based teacher education) that together with the civic-domestic convention (as societal impact, local traditions and Finnish approach to pedagogy) influenced the content of the educational programme through personal interaction.

Evaluating English Teacher Education Programs in Indonesian Tertiary Education: A Proposed Model

Numerous research studies on language program evaluation in many countries, for instance, Turkey (Uysal, 2012), Taiwan (Chang, 2010), Bangladesh (Rahman, 2007), Saudi Arabia (Liton, 2013) have yielded valuable ideas and insights in improving the quality of language programs. Those research studies have also expanded the plethora of discussion and have tested many ‘untested’ thoughts in the area of language program evaluation. Nonetheless, similar studies have not been researched much far in the Indonesian education context. The present study aims to describe the importance of English teacher education program evaluation. Also, the study aims to explore a suitable evaluation model in evaluating English teacher education programs, particularly in the Indonesian tertiary education context. The findings of the study found Peacock's (2009) model as a potential evaluation model to apply in evaluating English teacher education programs. These are based on at least three following grounds: suitable to the needs and environment of English teacher education in Indonesia, reliable and informative evaluation, and thorough involvement of the inner circle stakeholders. The study concludes that if an evaluation is conducted properly, then it has the potential to improve the quality of English language teachers training programs.

Exploring teaching staff’s experiences of implementing a Finnish master’s degree programme in teacher education in Indonesia

In this paper, we analyse the motivation and experiences of teaching staff participating in a novel exported Finnish degree programme in teacher education for Indonesian students. The data are based on online questionnaires sent to the teachers in March 2017. Huberman’s professional career path and Mezirow’s module for transformative learning are applied to construct the analytical framework. We also use our own experiences from our involvement in this exported programme, as a teacher (Pekka Räihä) and as a PhD candidate (Henna Juusola). In addition, we have taken into account Finnish higher education policy in terms of education export. The findings of this analysis demonstrate that education export projects can extend university teachers’ professional career opportunities and offer a starting point for transformative learning. However, more flexible administrative practices and an adaptive organizational culture at both faculty and institutional levels are required.

THE PRACTICE OF GENRE-BASED PEDAGOGY IN INDONESIAN SCHOOLS: A CASE OF PRESERVICE TEACHERS IN BANDUNG, WEST JAVA PROVINCE

This paper reports preservice teachers’ knowledge and understanding about genre-based pedagogy in the curriculum and its implementation in their EFL classrooms. Six participants who were taking their teaching practicum program in two different state schools took part in the study. Employing a case study design, the data were collected through questionnaire, observations, interviews, and document analysis (lesson plans). The findings show that the preservice teachers had varying degrees of knowledge and understanding of what genre-based pedagogy is and how to apply it in the teaching and learning. All of them, though, believe that genre-based pedagogy is very useful and applicable in EFL teaching and learning. Out of the six participants, four employed the pedagogy in their classroom teaching and learning. There is, however, a gap between what the preservice teachers know and understand about genre-based pedagogy and how they apply it in the classroom. Most of the preservice teachers skip the most important part in genre-based pedagogy, namely building knowledge of the field. They also do not give feedback to their students’ writing. These findings have some implications for the English teacher education in Indonesia. Teacher education institutes should pay more attention on preservice teachers’ practices in the classroom. Cooperation between the teacher supervisor, lecturer, and preservice teachers is really needed.

The Long Walk to Quality Teacher Education in Indonesia: Student Teachers’ Motives to become a Teacher and Policy Implications

The purpose of this mixed methods study, within the altruistic, intrinsic, or extrinsic motives framework, was conducted in order to document the motives of English as a foreign language (EFL) student teachers to become a teacher by choosing a teacher education program at one public university in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. A sample of 285 student teachers who were enrolled at EFL teacher education program at one public university in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia was investigated. Data were collected through a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The frequency of each statement was computed and expressed as percentage of its total score and all of the interview data were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and carefully analysed. The findings of this study revealed that the Indonesian EFL student teachers’ interpretations of their motives for embarking on a journey to become a teacher were unique. Altruistic motives seemed to be predominant; the kinds of motives on their career choice were likely to involve an interaction among altruistic, intrinsic, and extrinsic motives across participants quantitatively and qualitatively. Implications policies to create good standards of teacher education programs in order to attract and recruit quality student teachers should be made before, during, and after entering the program.

English Language Teacher Education: Rewriting S-1 National Curriculum

As part of an overall attempt to improve secondary school teacher education, a program has been launched to review and develop the national curriculum (KURNAS) of English language teacher education in Indonesia as a means to improve the quality of teachers of English. The new curriculum is at the same time intended to he a revision of the 1995 national curriculum supposedly in use now. For the purpose a team of three members was appointed by the Secondary School Teacher Development Project (nationally known as Proyek PGSM), comprising English teaching professionals from Universitas Negeri Malang. GAJAH MADA UNIVERSITY, and a senior high school teacher of English. Following a study of the existing documents related to ELT in Indonesia, an initial draft was written and gradually developed following a series of discussions and exchanges of ideas with teachers and professionals in the field of ELT. By the 3'. year of the appointment of the team, the draft for the new KURNAS comprising Books I, II, and III, has been completed and ready for a try-out. The try-out was intended to put into practice the Intensive Course (IC) Program as one of the most important components of the new KURNAS for the development of fluency in English as an essential basis for the preparation of competent high school teachers of English This article describes the background and the underlying principles of the curriculum revision, along with the classification and identification of courses, descriptions of courses their and syllabus outlines.

TEACHER EDUCATION IN INDONESIA (An Account on the Development and Programs to Improve the Professional Qualification and the Competence of Indonesia Teaching Personnel)

Abstract: Education is defined as a planned effort to establish a study environment and education process so that the student may actively develop his / her own potential to gain the religious and spiritual level, consciousness, personality, intelligence, behavior and creativity to him / herself other citizens and for the nations. The ultimate goal of every teaching and learning process is the success of the students to acquire the knowledge of subject matter being taught and one of the key successes in gaining the teaching learning objective is the teacher role. In fact, there are several aspects in order that the teacher professionalism may take place. To put the teacher professionalism into reality, it is not just from the teacher individually, but the surrounding, communities and the system where the teachers works and belong to, will give influence to it. The development of teacher education in Indonesia cannot be separated from the development of education in Indonesia. Since the independence in 1945, Indonesia has committed to make education available to all Indonesians citizens. This is due to the constitutional commitment stated that all citizens have the rights to get an education and the government has the responsibility to implement a national education system. DOI: 10.15408/tjems.v1i1.1107

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF TEACHING AS A PROFESSION AND ITS IMPLICATION ON TEACHER EDUCATION

suggesting its implication on the program of teacher education in Indonesia. A history of teacher education is described in the first discussion to provide a background for the idea of teaching as professional occupation. The history of teacher education starting from Ducth colonial era until the Education Law on Teacher and Lecturer number 14 Year 2005 prevailed has a complex dynamic where teachers’ qualifications before the education law existed were various. The Education law makes teachers’ qualifications more homogenous where it states that a teacher needs to have a full bachelor degree (S1) or at least diploma IV. The demand of law is reasonable because teachers’ role and responsibility are very challenging. In accordance with this, the philosophical foundation of teaching as a profession is to achieve education missions to support existence of a modern and democratic country of Indonesia based on Pancasila. It means that teachers need to be competent enough to develop competences and mould character of students based on stated competence standards. Competent teachers have to be able to arrange instructional planning, to design instructional program, to manage instructional processes, to evaluate instructional processes and achievement, to diagnose learning difficulties, to encourage and to motivate learners. To be competent teachers, they need to accomplish three stages of teacher education and training, namely: 1) academic professional education; 2) professional education and training; 3) practical professional training.

Conducting action research in Indonesia : illustrations and implications

In this article we discuss some of the key features of action research (AR) and how it can be applied in the educational context. We then describe how principles of AR were used in the Indonesian context with ten high school teachers as a professional development experience to encourage the teachers to reflect on their teaching and to introduce changes into their classroom practices. The teachers reported that, in contrast to previous professional development, AR provided them with a powerful means of professional growth as it was closely related to their own teaching situations. It also created changes and innovations in their teaching practices that they believed led to more effective classroom activities and teacher-student interactions. Nevertheless, they also reported various difficulties associated with undertaking research in the classroom. We conclude the article by presenting a case study to illustrate in more detail how AR was conducted by one of the teachers and what changes occurred in her teaching. The article also draws out implications of the study for teacher education in Indonesia.

Reforms to Teacher Education in Indonesia: Does More Mean Better?

In recent years, Indonesia has made serious efforts to improve the quality of its public schools through changes in teacher education. Since 1990, all new primary school teachers have had to be certified at the post‐secondary level while practising teachers have been urged to upgrade their credentials. In addition, extensive networks of in‐service training and professional support have been constructed and new civil service laws for teacher career development enacted. Unfortunately, these structural changes have generally not exerted their desired influences on the quality of teaching since they are largely undermined by a bureaucratic environmental press which does not accord high priority to educational quality. Dominated by the agenda of the bureaucratic authoritarian state, the bureaucratic environment has replaced lofty and sometimes, elaborate plans/mechanisms ("levers") for quality improvement with an emphasis on reaching quantitative targets of “deliverables”, expanding the state bureaucracy and central control, and strengthening national security and political loyalty. Also, consistent with the theory of the bureaucratic authoritarian state is the government's heavy reliance on external technical assistance and interagency fragmentation and competition. Changes in the national bureaucratic environment will be required before quality improvements in teacher education can bear fruit. Descriptors: Indonesia, teacher education, quality improvement, career development, bureaucratic environment, authoritarian bureaucratic state.1