TCM Method Research Articles

Economic valuation and characterization of heavy metal contamination in Dal Lake Srinagar, Kashmir, India

Dal Lake, the world-famous tourist attraction has been polluted by allochthonous and autochthonous sources, as a result the heavy metal (HMs) concentrations within the water body has reached the toxic levels which is endangering the lives of the people. A study was carried out during the year 2021 (i) to determine the concentration of HMs (molybdenum: Mo, arsenic: Ar, cadmium: Cd, lead: Pb) at the four designated sites of Dal Lake, and (ii) a public survey (400 persons) involving economic valuation of water body in terms of recreational use and other benefits. The highest values of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) within the Dal Lake were recorded at site A, which were 31 ± 1.10 mg/l and 76 ± 0.64, respectively. Similarly, maximum nitrate nitrogen was found at site A (865 ± 0.86 μg/l). The highest value of Pb was reported (6.828 ± 0.003 ppb) from site A whereas, the lowest from site B (2.492 ± 0.002 ppb). The mean values of Mo concentrations (in ppb) were found to be 2.538 ± 0.002, 1.703 ± 0.003, 3.627 ± 0.004 and 4.787 ± 0.002 at the four sites respectively. The observed values of HMs (in ppb) were much higher than the permissible values (WHO, 2006) and those reported earlier. A huge amount of money (Rs 16,18,66,000/) is being generated from the floating gardens of Dal Lake, calculated by TCM and CVM methods. During the survey, 68 % of people showed a willingness to pay (WTP) for the restoration of the Dal Lake and improved services (mean value: Rs 62,852.20/). Thus, the monitoring and assessment were done to find out how the Dal Lake contributes to the economy of the state by way of its different services and the major attraction for tourists besides the possible reasons for the deterioration of water quality, in order to find a long-lasting solution for the sustainable conservation of Dal Lake.

Ferroptosis: a new mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine for treating ulcerative colitis.

This review summarizes the experimental studies on the targeted regulation of ferroptosis by TCM and its impact on UC in recent years, aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention, treatment, and further drug development for UC. Ferroptosis disrupts antioxidant mechanisms in intestinal epithelial cells, damages the intestinal mucosa, and participates in the pathological process of UC. TCM acts on various pathways such as Nrf2/HO-1 and GSH/GPX4, blocking the pathological progression of ferroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells, inhibiting pathological damage to the intestinal mucosa, and thereby alleviating UC. The diverse array of TCM single herbs, extracts and herbal formulas facilitates selective and innovative research and development of new TCM methods for targeting UC treatment. Although progress has been made in studying TCM compound formulas, single herbs, and extracts, there are still many issues in clinical and basic experimental designs, necessitating further in-depth scientific exploration and research.

Dissipative and thermal aspects in cyclic loading of additive manufactured AISI 316L

This study presents a comprehensive understanding of the fatigue behavior of 316L stainless steel specimens produced using the laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) method. The investigation has been conducted through a multifaceted approach that includes surface roughness analysis, density measurements, microstructural examination, fatigue testing, strain measurements, and thermographic analysis. Thermographic data processing models, i.e. the bi-power law (TCM-modified) model and the TCM method, are applied to fatigue test results of standard samples to evaluate fatigue limit values. The fatigue limit of the samples was estimated using the Murakami Method (MM), Constant Amplitude Loading (CAL) and Step Loading (SL) tests. The proposed methodology allows exploration of the entire stress level range within a single test, which could allow evaluation of the fatigue limit of components within only one test. This study is the starting point for a rapid evaluation method for estimating the fatigue limit using thermography, offering a cost-effective, time-efficient, and non-destructive means of assessing the fatigue performance of materials produced using additive manufacturing processes.

Sputum Sample Quality and Delay of TCM Examination and Microscopic Results from Tuberculosis Suspect Patient

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease with a mortality rate equivalent to 11 deaths/hour caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Technological developments have been able to detect TB with the GeneXpert® MTB/RIF TCM (Rapid Molecular Test) examination. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sputum sample quality and examination delays on TCM and microscopic results in patients suspected of having tuberculosis. The research design used in this study used experimental analytics with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was 40 samples taken using quota sampling. Samples were examined using Microscopic and TCM methods. In the microscopic method, 3 treatment delays are carried out, namely immediately, 5 hours and 24 hours. The results showed that all samples experienced a decrease in the number of BTA + but a decrease in grade did not occur in all samples. The decrease in consistency began to appear at a delay of 5 hours. A decrease in BTA microscopic grading often occurs when the delay is from 5 hours to 24 hours. From the results of the Friedman test, a value of α= 0.000 (< 0.05) was obtained so that it can be concluded that there is no difference in the results of microscopic examination with TCM, but there is an influence of sputum quality on BTA results (+) and there is an influence of delay time on microscopic examination of BTA.

Comparison of Tuberculosis Examination Using Ziehl-Neelsen Method and Molecular Rapid Test

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by infection with the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Fast and accurate diagnostic methods are very important for diagnosing and controlling pulmonary TB disease in Indonesia. TB examination using the Zn method is very commonly used even though it has lower sensitivity than TCM. The aim of this study was to compare the results of TB examination using BTA staining with the Molecular Rapid Test. This type of research uses analytical observational methods with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was 40 respondents taken using purposive sampling technique. The results of tuberculosis examination using the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) BTA staining method and the Moluker rapid test tool (TCM) method showed that the microscopic results of the Ziehl-Neelsen method of BTA smear staining showed negative results in 31 people (75%), 1 respondent (2 .5%) with scanty results and 9 respondents (22.5%) with 1+ results. The results of the TB BTA examination using the TCM method resulted in MTB Not Detected with a total of 30 people (75%), MTB Detected Medium obtained a result of 6 people (15%), MTB Detected Low obtained a result with a total of 3 people (7.5%), MTB Detected Very Low results were obtained with the number of 1 person (2.5%) and in the SPSS results using the t-test the results obtained were p value <0.05 (0.012 <0.05) which means there is a comparison of the BTA staining tuberculosis examination using the Ziehl-Ziehl method. neelsen and Molecular Rapid Tests. Based on the research results, it was found that there was a significant difference between the Ziehl-Neelsen BTA staining tuberculosis examination method and the Molecular Rapid Test Tool with a p value <0.05 (0.012 <0.05)

Report on Visiting Activities for Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases with Short Stature in An. S with a Family Medicine Approach

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a serious health problem in the world. TB in children is an important indicator of transmission. Tuberculosis in children occurs at the age of 0-14 years. Indonesia has a high burden of TB disease, especially in Banten Province. The global prevalence of TB in 2021 increased by around 600,000 cases compared to 2022 of 10.6 million cases. The purpose of this study is to know, analyze and help solve problems faced by patients. The methods in this report are used to confirm the diagnosis of RO TB based on the Mtb susceptibility test using phenotypic and genotypic TCM and LPA methods. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in suspected TB is carried out by TCM examination. Based on the plotting results, there is a girl with the initials S who is diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and is short in stature, so it is necessary to intervene through a family medicine approach. After intervening holistically and comprehensively, An's complaint. S is showing improvement and is currently still undergoing treatment. The source of TB transmission in An is known to S is thought to come from the patient's grandfather. TB infection experienced by patients has an impact on inhibiting patient growth so that the patient's height and weight do not increase. After thorough treatment and education, the patient's family understands TB disease, transmission, and prevention. It is hoped that treatment can be carried out completely and can achieve age-appropriate growth.

Comparative Evaluation ofBiofilm Detection Methods among Uropathogenic Gram-Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Catheterized Urine Sample and its antibiogram

Background: Biofilm formation is a potential virulence characteristic exhibited by bacteria resulting in the severity of many infections. It will give rise to multidrug resistant strains disturbing the effective management of many chronic infections. Objectives: The present study aims to focus on the biofilm detection of uropathogenic bacteria by three distinct techniques. The sensitivity and specificity for all the three methods is evaluated. The present study also demonstrates the antibiogram of biofilm producing bacteria.Materials and Method: The study includes 89bacterial isolates from catheterized patients with urinary tract infections admitted in ICUs, dialysis units and various wards. Formation of biofilm was detected by: tube method (TM), the tissue culture plate (TCP) method and Congo Red Agar (CRA) method. According to CLSI guidelines the antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed among the biofilm forming bacteria.Results: Out of 89 bacterial isolates, 33 were gram positive cocci and 56 were gram negative bacilli. Among the gram positive cocci, 28 (84.8%) andgram negative bacilli, 50(89.2%) formed biofilm. Sensitivity of TCM, TM, and CRM methods were 98.3%, 71.4% and 18.6% respectively. For biofilm forming gram positive bacteria, the maximum antibiotic resistance was achieved towards Penicillin (89%) followed by Amoxyclav (78%). In the case of gram negative bacteria gentamicin showed maximum resistance in 88% followed by Ciprofloxacin in 80% of the isolates. Conclusion: Biofilm and multi-drug resistance plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of catheterized urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Evaluation of Biofilm among uropathogenic bacteria helps to manage clinically resulting in better prognosis. Tissue culture plate techniqueis very effectivein detecting biofilm that can be suggested in diagnostic laboratories. Keywords: Biofilm, virulence factor, multidrug resistance,CAUTI.

Rehabilitation and Care Program for Pain during COVID-19 Recovery

For the COVID-19 outbreak, there are no specific drugs to treat or prevent patient deterioration and severe complications [1]. When the outbreak occurred, TCM methods gained valuable experience in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 [2]. In the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, the results of several clinical trials show that TCM plays an important role in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19 [3]. Many convalescent patients suffer with pain symptoms due to factors such as disease and complications [4]. Psychotherapy, sports rehabilitation, TCM external application, fumigation, rubbing, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment have formed a unique rehabilitation and nursing plan for COVID-19 convalescent pain, which plays an important role in alleviating the convalescent pain of COVID-19 patients [5].

Visualizing Research Trends and Identifying Hotspots of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Nursing Technology for Insomnia: A 18-Years Bibliometric Analysis of Web of Science Core Collection

ObjectiveTo explore the research hotspot and frontier direction of TCM nursing of insomnia and provide reference for the follow-up study of the optimal scheme of TCM nursing of insomnia.BackgroundInsomnia is a common sleep-wake disorder, affects 6–10% of adults and was associated with independent higher risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. TCM Nursing Techniques of insomnia has a long history and has shown a definite impact. However, it's still lack of analysis in the field of the most commonly used and effective techniques, as well as the co-morbidities associated with insomnia. Therefore, the database was searched and analyzed to find effective TCM Nursing Techniques for insomnia and related diseases related to insomnia.MethodRandomized controlled trials on the intervention of TCM Nursing Techniques in insomnia were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection and imported into CiteSpace 5.6.R5 visualization software. The works of literature were co-cited by keywords authors and institutions for visual analysis, and the co-morbidities associated with insomnia of TCM Nursing Techniques in literature was extracted manually. The symptoms of co-morbidities associated with insomnia were imported into Cytoscape 3.9.0 software and clustered by CytoHubba.ResultAs of October 20, 2021, the literature published in the last 20 years from Web of Science Core Collection was screened, and the publication period of the included literature was from 2004 to 2021. From 2016 to now, the total number of articles has been increasing. A total of 146 articles were included, and the highest production year was 2020. There is little cooperation between states, institutions, and authors. China (including Hong Kong and Taiwan) and Hong Kong Polytech University are leading countries and institutions in this area. MYUNGHAENG HUR is the most cited author, and J ALTERN COMPLEM MED is the most cited journal. According to cluster analysis and keyword frequency, auricular therapy, aromatherapy, and acupressure are the three most commonly used techniques. While the top five co-morbidities are fatigue, anxiety, depression, pain and hemodialysis. The three frontier topics and the main research directions are sleep quality, comorbid insomnia and clinical trial design.ConclusionWe found that acupressure, aromatherapy, and auricular acupoint therapy are the most commonly used nursing methods of TCM to intervene in insomnia. However, these studies have limitations such as small sample size, lack of objectivity in evaluating sleep quality, and high heterogeneity of intervention measures, which are not conducive to forming TCM clinical nursing guidelines. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt objectified sleep quality evaluation methods, select suitable acupoints according to TCM theories, and design multi-center large-sample clinical trials based on the safety principle of randomized blind control. This study provides an in-depth perspective for insomnia research on TCM Nursing Techniques and includes information for follow-up research on TCM Nursing Techniques of insomnia.

Rehabilitation and care program for pain During COVID-19 recovery

Abstract: For the COVID-19 outbreak, there are no specific drugs to treat or prevent patient deterioration and severe complications[1]. When the outbreak occurred, TCM methods gained valuable experience in the prevention and treatment of C O V 1 D-19[2]. In the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, the results of several clinical trials show that TCM plays an important role in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of COVID-19[3]. Many convalescent patients suffer with pain symptoms due to factors such as disease and complications.Psychotherapy, sports rehabilitation, TCM external application, fumigation, rubbing, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment have formed a unique rehabilitation and nursing plan for COVID-19 convalescent pain, which plays an important role in alleviating the convalescent pain of COVID-19 patients.

Determination of Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors towards Traditional and Complementary Medicine in Patients Applying to Pamukkale University Medical Faculty Hospital Polyclinics

Objective: The aim of research was to investigate the attitudes and behaviors towards traditional and complementary medicine methods, the use of which has increased in recent years, in individuals admitted to the hospital.Material-Method: The descriptive study was performed by applying a questionnaire to 276 people. The questionnaire included questions about the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, their knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about traditional complementary medicine methods, and the Complementary, Alternative, and Conventional Medicine Attitude Scale. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 15. Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskall-Wallis H tests were used in the comparison of traditional and complementary medicine attitudes and behaviors with sociodemographic characteristics. p<0.05 was considered significant.Results: 33% of respondents had applied at least one traditional complementary medicine method. The most commonly used methods were cupping (n=40), phytotherapy (n=34) and acupuncture (n=17). The mean score of scale was found to be 109.05±15.44. The mean score of the individuals aged 45 and over is higher than the other ages and is 102.7±17.2 (p<0.048). A statistically significant difference was found between the use of at least one traditional and complementary method and the variables of age, marital status, place of residence for the longest time, and perceived health (p<0.05).Conclusion: TCM methods are known to the majority of people who visit polyclinics. Their attitudes towards traditional and complementary medicine are quite close to positive. Physicians should question whether their patients use traditional methods.

Evaluation of TCM and Clip Transmission Methods Applied to the Coexistence of OOK and PSK in the Downlink of Optical Access

Evaluation of TCM and Clip Transmission Methods Applied to the Coexistence of OOK and PSK in the Downlink of Optical Access

GaN-Based Megahertz Single-Phase Inverter With a Hybrid TCM Control Method for High Efficiency and High-Power Density

Compared with traditional frequency limitation method DCM and QCFTCM for TCM-based inverter, this article proposes a hybrid TCM method, which can achieve both full range ZVS and frequency variation limitation. An accurate resonant transition model is established and the switching frequency variation range can be obtained for TCM. The hybrid control can be implemented according to the variation ratio γ. In order to determine the optimal γ, an offline optimization algorithm based on loss estimation is proposed. Therefore, an accurate analytical loss model for GaN HEMTs considering the nonlinear junction capacitance is given for TCM and hybrid TCM. The loss model shows that the total losses of hybrid TCM inverter are reduced compared with TCM. Moreover, an interleaved GaN-based megahertz single-phase inverter with digital control is demonstrated with 120 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> power density. The aforementioned benefits are experimentally verified in the optimal hybrid TCM. With this hybrid control, the measured peak efficiency is 98%. Compared with pure TCM mode, there is a 70% reduction in the switching frequency and the related efficiency is 0.8% higher at light loads. Higher power density (135 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) can be achieved in hybrid TCM through further increasing the switching frequency compared with pure TCM.

Studies on the therapeutic effects of three TCM methods on steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head

Purpose: To determine the therapeutic effects of kidney yang-tonifying, blood-activating and phlegmeliminating methods on steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head (SONFH), and their mechanisms of action.Methods: A rabbit model of SONFH was established. Six rabbit groups were used: control, SONFH (given normal saline); tongluo shenggu group, kidney-tonifying group, blood-activating group, and phlegm--eliminating group, which received tongluo shenggu capsule (0.28 g/kg/day), yougui yin (YGY, 2.52 g/kg/day), taohong siwu decoction (TSD, 2.38 g/kg/day) and linggui zhugan decoction (LZD,1.54 g/kg/day), respectively, for 8 weeks. The following serum indices were assayed on the 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks: total cholesterol, triglycerides, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto-PGF1α, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL). At the end of the 8th week, mRNA levels of OPG, BMP-2 and VEGF were assayed using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTF-qPCR).Results: Serum OPG in the kidney-tonifying group was increased, while its RANKL was decreased on the 2nd week, but these parameters, along with mRNA of OPG and BMP-2, reached normal levels at the 8th week (p &lt;0.05). The TXB2 of blood-activating group was decreased, while its 6-keto-PGF1 level was increased at the 2nd week, but both of them attained normal levels at the 8th week, along with VEGF mRNA. Serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and TXB2 in the phlegm-eliminating group were decreased, while its 6-keto-PGF1α was increased at the 2nd week, but the levels of serum total cholesterol and triglycerides were normalized at the 8th week (p &lt;0.05). Histological examination showed increases in bone trabeculae and bone marrow cells, while the proliferation of fat cells was decreased in kidney-tonifying, blood-activating and phlegm-eliminating groups.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the therapeutic effects of the three different TCM methods on SONFH involve different mechanisms.&#x0D; Keywords: Steroid-induced osteonecrosis, Femoral head, Yougui yin, Taohong siwu, Linggui zhugan decoction, Kidney-tonifying yang, Phlegm

Recreation value evaluation of natural landscape resources based on environmental capacity

This paper reviews and comments on the evaluation methods of the recreational value of natural landscape resources, pointing out that the current popular TCM method and CVM method both rely too much on the market prediction conclusion and cannot truly reflect the recreational value, and putting forward the idea, specific operation steps and calculation methods of evaluating the recreational value of natural landscape resources with tourism environmental capacity.

Clinical practice guideline of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine：atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) (2019)

EDITOR'S NOTE In 2019, the clinical practice guideline of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine atlantoaxial dislocation (ADD) was developed by the professional committee of spine medicine of the Chinese Association for Integration of Chinese and Western medicine, aiming at the major clinical problems of atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) endangering the life center of the medulla oblongata in the field of spine surgery. More than 40 experts at home and abroad in the field of cervical spine surgery organized the first guide for the diagnosis and treatment of AAD. Guided by the principles of evidence based medicine and the consensus of experts, this guideline is based on the theory of "combination of disease and syndrome, from supervision to treatment" for the diagnosis and treatment of AAD；based on the treatment principles of "spinal cord decompression, reconstruction of atlantoaxial stability"；based on Tan technology, Goel technology, Abumi technology and other core technologies for surgical treatment. The main content includes four parts：AAD diagnosis standard, TCM syndrome differentiation, clinical classification, treatment strategy and method. It provides academic guidance to solve the clinical situation of AAD, which is "unclear definition of diagnosis and classification, confused choice of treatment strategy". Clinical Practice Guideline of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine：Atlantoaxial Dislocation (AAD) was enacted by the academic committee of spine surgery of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. The guideline's recommendations forms by evidence-based medicine and the expert consensus of Integrative Medicine. The guidement principles is "spinal cord decompression, reconstruction of atlantoaxial stability". The objective of the guideline is providing an academic suggestion. The main contents include diagnostic criteria, traditional Chinese medicine's (TCM) dialectical method, clinical classification, treatment strategies and methods.

Integrated Tool Condition Monitoring Systems and Their Applications: A Comprehensive Review

In conventional metal cutting, different tool wear modes, and their individual deterioration rates play vital roles in overall production performance. For a given tool (i.e., geometry or materials), many shop floors still follow a standard rule by pre-setting a tool life, which is conservative but not realistic. Premature failure of a tool can cause unexpected machine downtime and material losses, while another tool could serve beyond that pre-set life. As a result, optimized tool life and productivity cannot be achieved. Moreover, nowadays, there is an increased demand of process monitoring and optimization on the unmanned and the semi-automated shop floors.Tool condition monitoring (TCM) systems for process improvement and optimization have been in research for several decades. Both offline and online TCM systems are invented and discussed. A wide range of original publications are reported focusing on different sub-topics, e.g., specific machining process-based TCM methods, measurement or signal acquisition methods, processing methods, and classifiers. With the recent evolution of smart sensors in the era of Industry 4.0, development of online TCM systems received much attention to the researchers. Accordingly, research on some sub-topics also gets motivated into different directions, such as, feasibility of power or current sensors, machine vision technique, and combination of multi-sensors. Thus, from the industrial viewpoint, the current state of implementation of the proposed TCM systems for (near) real-time process monitoring and control needs to be clear. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of the TCM systems covering three major machining operations, discusses their application feasibility in industry environments, and states some current TCMS implementations. Challenges being faced by the industry are concluded, along with direction and suggestions for future researches.

Clinical Observations on Patients with Sequelae of Injuries During Medical Rehabilitation with TCM Methods

Clinical Observations on Patients with Sequelae of Injuries During Medical Rehabilitation with TCM Methods

The Application of Eight Methods in External Treatment of TCM

External treatment of Chinese is an important part of Chinese medicine, external treatment of Chinese can be directly to the lesion, the local drug concentration is significantly higher than the blood concentration, and compared with the internal treatment, it has the characteristics of quick effect ,less adverse reactions and so on. The external treatment of Chinese is based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, and is based on the holistic concept and the theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment. Traditional Chinese (TCM) has methods:“diaphoresis, vomiting, purgation, warming,harmonizing, clearing, dispersion and reinforcing”. In this paper,makeing the eight of traditional Chinese medicine for the general programme, expounding the application of external treatment of Chinese medicine, hoping the eight methods of TCM in clinical external treatment of Chinese has better application.

Fast, accurate and easy-to-teach QT interval assessment: The triplicate concatenation method

The gold standard method for assessing the QTcF (QT corrected for heart rate by Fridericia's cube root formula) interval is the "QTcF semiautomated triplicate averaging method" (TAM), which consists of measuring three QTcF values semiautomatically, for each 10-second sequence of a triplicate electrocardiogram set, and averaging them to get a global and unique QTcF value. Thus, TAM is time consuming. We have developed a new method, namely the "QTcF semiautomated triplicate concatenation method" (TCM), which consists of concatenating the three 10-second sequences of the triplicate electrocardiogram set as if they were a single 30-second electrocardiogram, and measuring QTcF only once for the triplicate electrocardiogram set. To compare the TCM method with the TAM method. Fifty triplicate electrocardiograms were read twice by an expert and a student using both methods (TAM and TCM). We plotted Bland-Altman plots to assess agreement between the two methods, and to compare the student and expert results. The time needed to read a set of 20 consecutive triplicate electrocardiograms was measured. Limits of agreement between TAM and TCM ranged from -8.25 to 6.75ms with the expert reader. TCM was twice as fast as TAM (17.38 versus 34.28min for 20 consecutive triplicate electrocardiograms). Bland-Altman plots comparing student and expert results showed limits of agreement ranging from -4.34 to 11.75ms for TAM, and -1.2 to 8.0ms for TCM. TAM and TCM show good agreement for QT measurement. TCM is less time consuming than TAM. After a learning session, an inexperienced reader can measure the QT interval accurately with both methods.