Taylor's Approach Research Articles

The Comparison A-Optimal and I-Optimal Design in Non-Linear Models to Increase Purity Levels Silicon Dioxide

One of the obstacles that arise in optimal design is the non-linear model. The relationship between temperature factors and the temperature increase rates with the purity of silicon dioxide (SiO2) forms a non-linear pattern. Determining the optimal design for a non-linear model is relatively more complex than a linear model because it requires additional information in its information matrix. Therefore, this issue necessitates further research on optimal design in non-linear models. This study uses the polynomial Taylor approach to approximate the non-linear equation through a linear equation using the appropriate optimal design methods, namely A-Optimal and I-Optimal criterion. The point search algorithm used was variable neighborhood search, this algorithm searches for design points by exploring several different neighborhood structures. These two methods were chosen to compare the characteristics and performance of the designs produced, aiming to obtain an optimal design to improve SiO2 purity (non-linear case) using the same algorithm, VNS. The research results showed that the design pattern produced by the A-Optimal design formed three temperature groups, namely the minimum temperature of 800°C - 820°C, the middle temperature of 850°C, 860°C, and the maximum temperature of 900°C, with varying temperature increase rates in the design area. The design pattern produced by the I-Optimal design formed a full quadratic pattern, namely the minimum temperature of 800°C and the maximum temperature of 900°C, with varying temperature increase rates in the design area. The I-Optimal design demonstrated the best performance (most optimal) in the aspect of prediction variance compared to the A-Optimal design across all alternative points in this study to improve SiO2 purity.

Multi-scale modeling of shock wave propagation in energetic solid-state composites

We present a novel structural dynamics code for modeling shock and detonation waves in Polymer-Bonded Explosives (PBXs), which are crucial for conventional munitions and propulsion components. Our code uses a stable and efficient solution strategy based on a Taylor–Galerkin finite element (FE) discretization to accurately predict PBX behavior under extreme shock loading. To model the PBXs, we implement equations of state for the solid unreacted material and gaseous reaction products using a pressure mixture rule governed by pressure-based reaction rates. We verify the FE model using analytical solutions for SOD shock and ZND detonation models. In addition to the continuum model, we also introduce a first-order multi-scale model that uses a Taylor approach to compute macro-scale fluxes and properties from the underlying microstructural sub-problems using averaging schemes. Our numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our multi-scale model in accurately predicting pressure profiles and detonation velocities for microstructures with varying mass fractions. These findings have significant implications for microstructure design and highlight the importance of considering microstructural variability in PBX behavior. Overall, our structural dynamics code represents a significant step towards improving the understanding and design of PBXs under extreme shock loading conditions.

Modified Taylor's approach: An archaic technique or aider in adversity?

Modified Taylor's approach: An archaic technique or aider in adversity?

Three-dimensional pelvis computed tomography-assisted Taylor approach for spinal anesthesia in hip arthroplasty: a retrospective study.

This corrects the article "Three-dimensional pelvis computed tomography-assisted Taylor approach for spinal anesthesia in hip arthroplasty: a retrospective study" on page 12.

Afro-Catholic Festivals in the Americas: Performance, Representation, and the Making of Black Atlantic Tradition

Afro-Catholic Festivals in the Americas: Performance, Representation, and the Making of Black Atlantic Tradition

On solving multi-objective fully quadratic fractional optimisation model with interactive FGP approach

PurposeThe main motive behind framing this paper is to provide a compromised solution for trapezoidal fuzzy number–multi-objective fully quadratic fractional optimisation model (TrFN-MOFQFOM) by avoiding ambiguities and confusion of decision-makers (DMs). Many researchers have used Taylor's series and parametric approach to transform fractional objective function into non-fractional ones, but Taylor's series expansion is valid only up to a neighbourhood. To avoid these extra efforts, this article suggests a methodology in which numerator of objective function is optimised under the condition of optimising denominator.Design/methodology/approachThis paper suggests an efficient procedure to search for compromised solution of MOFQFOM with fuzzy coefficients using α-level set and FGP approach. Incomplete data in model is dealt with α-level set. Then after defuzzification, non-fractional models are built from fractional model to get optimal solution of every objective. Finally, the linear weighted sum of negative deviational variables is minimised to satisfy all objective functions up to maximum possible extent.FindingsOn applying suggested approach to the example given in end, the authors arrived at compromised solution having and . The applied procedure requires less computational efforts and provides the preferred compromised solution.Originality/valueThis work has not been done previously by anyone. The idea being developed here of constructing non-fractional model by dealing numerators and denominators separately is completely new. 10; In the end, an algorithm, flowchart and numerical are also given to clarify the applicability of the suggested approach.

Factors Influencing the Crystallization-Onset Time of Metastable ASDs.

In formulation development, amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) are considered to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, the crystallization of APIs often limits long-term stability and thus the shelf life of ASDs. It has already been shown earlier that the long-term stability of ASDs strongly depends on the storage conditions (relative humidity, temperature), the manufacturing methods, and the resulting particle sizes. In this work, ASDs composed of the model APIs Griseofulvin (GRI) or Itraconazole (ITR) and the polymers poly (vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVPVA) or Soluplus® were manufactured via spray drying and hot-melt extrusion. Each API/polymer combination was manufactured using the two manufacturing methods with at least two different API loads and two particle-size distributions. It was a priori known that these ASDs were metastable and would crystallize over time, even in the dry stage. The amount of water absorbed by the ASD from humid air (40 °C/75% relative humidity), the solubility of the API in the ASD at humid conditions, and the resulting glass-transition temperature were predicted using the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) and the Gordon–Taylor approach, respectively. The onset of crystallization was determined via periodic powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements. It was shown that simple heuristics such as “larger particles always crystallize later than smaller particles” are correct within one manufacturing method but cannot be transferred from one manufacturing method to another. Moreover, amorphous phase separation in the ASDs was shown to also influence their crystallization kinetics. Counterintuitively, phase separation accelerated the crystallization time, which could be explained by the glass-transition temperatures of the evolving phases.

Dispersion tensor in a two-phase flow in a slit

Taylor's approach on the dispersion phenomenon is generalized for solute transport in a two-phase laminar flow of immiscible fluids in a slit. The reduced-order models for solute transport are derived using Reynolds decomposition and averaging techniques from which the exact analytical expressions for all elements of the dispersion tensor and the matrix of coefficients of the advection term are derived. It is shown that the dispersion tensor is generally not symmetric, and the asymmetry originates from the presence of an interface between the two fluids. We also discussed conditions at which the solute transport in a two-phase laminar flow in a slit lead to dispersion barrier, osmotic dispersion, and reverse dispersion. The results provide a thorough insight into modeling solute transport across an interface/film in two-phase stratified flows and find applications in the design and optimization of microfluidic devices where two fluids flow in laminar contact.

Comprehensive review of surgical approaches to the elbow

The choice of the most suitable surgical approach to the elbow forms the foundation of any successful elbow surgery. The surgical approach is based on the injury or pathology to be addressed and therefore specific anatomical details need to be considered. The surgeon must be comfortable with the bony, ligamentous and neurovascular anatomy of the elbow to consider and execute the best approach for each problem. This is an imperative to avoid iatrogenic injury.This article provides a detailed analysis, valuable technical tips, advantages and disadvantages of the most common approaches to the elbow. The lateral approaches include the Kocher, Kaplan and Extensor Digitorum Communis (EDC) Split approaches, the medial approaches include the Hotchkiss, Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) splitting approach, the Taylor and Scham approach. The anterior approach includes the anterior neurovascular interval approach and the posterior approaches include the Olecranon osteotomy, triceps sparing, triceps reflecting approach and finally the Boyd interval approach. The text and illustrations will provide a structured overview for the practicing surgeon.

Comparison of Taylor Approach vs Lumbar Approach of Spinal Anaesthesia in Terms of Difficulty to Perform in Patients Undergoing Transuretheral Resection of Prostate

Comparison of Taylor Approach vs Lumbar Approach of Spinal Anaesthesia in Terms of Difficulty to Perform in Patients Undergoing Transuretheral Resection of Prostate

Anaesthetic Management of Hemiparesis Patient with Severe Thoracolumbar Scoliosis for Orthopaedic Surgery by Taylor's Approach of Lumbar Subarachnoid Block in the era of COVID 19 Pandemic

Background: Subarachnoid block in patients with scoliosis always present a unique challenge to the anesthesiologist owing to the deformity of spine. Difficulty in performing neuraxial anaesthesia may result in neural injury, spinal haematoma, post-dural puncture headache In addition, it may decrease procedure efficiency and increase patient discomfort and dissatisfaction. The most commonly practiced technique is the midline approach. This approach is technically difficult in the geriatric patients because of degenerative changes in the spine. Calcification of supraspinous and interspinous ligaments in the geriatric age group makes midline approach difficult. Paramedian approach and its modification Taylor’s approach is not routinely practiced and is definitely a game changer when midline approach of lumbar subarachnoid block has failed or is not possible due to anatomical variations like ankylosing spondylitis, thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis. We report a case of unilateral hemiparesis patient with severe thoracolumbar scoliosis anaesthetically managed by Taylor’s approach of lumbar Subarachnoid block for Proximal Femur Nailing (PFN) of intertrochanteric fracture thus avoiding general anaesthesia and associated aerosol generation in the era of COVID19 pandemic.

Direct Scaling of Measure on Vortex Shedding through a Flapping Flag Device in the Open Channel around a Cylinder at Re∼103: Taylor's Law Approach.

The problem of vortex shedding, which occurs when an obstacle is placed in a regular flow, is governed by Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, known by dimensional analysis. The present work aims to propose a thin films-based device, consisting of an elastic piezoelectric flapping flag clamped at one end, in order to determine the frequency of vortex shedding downstream an obstacle for a flow field at Reynolds number in the open channel. For these values, Strouhal number obtained in such way is in accordance with the results known in literature. Moreover, the development of the voltage over time, generated by the flapping flag under the load due to flow field, shows a highly fluctuating behavior and satisfies Taylor’s law, observed in several complex systems. This provided useful information about the flow field through the constitutive law of the device.

Micromechanical Analysis for Iron-Based Composites Under Large Deformations

A micromechanical analysis under large deformations for iron-based composites is introduced to predict the deformation behavior of iron (Fe)-copper (Cu) composites. In particular, pure Fe, pure Cu, Fe-17 wt. $$\%$$ Cu, and Fe-83 wt. $$\%$$ Cu are studied. In Fe-Cu composites, Cu is a soft-phase material. Hence, it undergoes a large deformation. Fe being the hard phase material shows elevated stresses. Because of the heterogeneity in the microstructure of Fe-Cu composites, the micromechanical model enables the capture of the flow behavior of Fe-Cu polycrystals. Both Fe and Cu constituents are rate-dependent elasto-viscoplastic materials. Hence, they are formulated in the framework of large deformations. The reliability of the prediction of flow behavior is investigated by comparing the numerical model (Taylor approach) and experiments.

Using Lumbar X-Ray to Facilitate Modified Taylor’s Approach of Spinal Anesthesia in an Elderly Patient With Scoliosis

In geriatric patients scheduled for hip or knee surgery, neuraxial anesthesia is a safe and effective anesthesia method and may be a better option than general anesthesia. Unfortunately, establishing neuraxial anesthesia is not always easy in this group of patients. Anatomical abnormalities, such as spinal stenosis, scoliosis, and narrowed interspaces, contribute to the difficulties that anesthesiologists face while performing these procedures. The classic Taylor’s approach targets the widest interspace, L5-S1, as the needle insertion site and accordingly has an increased success rate in difficult neuraxial anesthesia. As this technique historically relies solely on palpation, it might be difficult in patients with less prominent or distorted anatomic landmarks. Ultrasonography or fluoroscopy guidance may help to better target the epidural or subarachnoid space, but both have limitations due to equipment availability or provider expertise. The modified Taylor’s approach we propose in this case report is based on preoperative lumbar x-ray interpretation when point-of-care image guidance cannot be performed. By measuring on the patient’s preoperative lumbar x-ray, we successfully performed a modified Taylor's approach of spinal anesthesia on an elderly patient with severe scoliosis. She underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the left femur with satisfactory pain control and no complications.

Taylors approach as a savior in difficult spine anatomy

We report a case which was managed by spinal anaesthesia using Taylor's approach. The patient had an altered spine anatomy due to previous L4-L5 laminectomy and discectomy with L4, L5, S1 transpedicular fixation and fusion. Patient's history of post-operative confusion and apprehension about general anaesthesia (GA) made spinal anaesthesia our first choice. However, in view of the altered spine anatomy, Taylor's approach was used successfully to manage anaesthesia to avoid GA.Although SAB is a relative contraindication for patient with history of previous spine surgery mostly due to altered spine anatomy, SAB can be safely administered via Taylor’s approach when general anaesthesia has to be avoided.

Medial elbow exposure: an anatomic comparison of 5 approaches

Several surgical approaches to the medial elbow are described; however, it remains unclear which exposure provides the optimal view of relevant medial elbow structures. The purpose of this anatomic study was to determine the visible surface area of the coronoid process, distal humerus, and radial head through 5 approaches to the medial elbow. Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric upper extremity specimens were dissected. Five surgical approaches were performed on each specimen. The Smith muscle-splitting approach to the ulnar collateral ligament was performed first (Smith), followed by the Hotchkiss medial "Over the top" approach (Hotchkiss), the extended medial elbow approach (EMEA), the flexor carpi ulnaris splitting approach (FCU-Split), and the Taylor and Scham approach (T&S). Bony visualization was determined using laser surface scanning (Artec Space Spider; Artec 3D). The scans were segmented using commercially available digital software (Geomagic Wrap; 3D Systems Corporation), and the surface area visualized was determined. A descriptive analysis of the joint areas visible using the medial collateral ligament (MCL) as a clinical landmark was performed. The EMEA visualized the highest proportion of the total elbow joint from the medial side showing 13.9 ± 6.0 cm2, or 15% ± 4% of the joint. It also provided the best visualization of the coronoid (3.2 ± 1.7 cm2 of surface area, or 26% ± 9%) and distal humerus (9.9 ± 4.3 cm2, or 15% ± 4%). The Hotchkiss approach was best at visualizing the radial head (0.8 ± 0.3 cm2, or 7% ± 3%). The EMEA, Hotchkiss, and Smith approaches showed primarily the anterior bundle of the MCL, its insertion, and the regions anterior to it, whereas the FCU-Split showed the anterior bundle of the MCL and regions both anterior and posterior to it. The T&S showed primarily the areas posterior to the anterior bundle of the MCL; the anterior regions were not visible. The FCU-Split and the T&S allowed visualization of the posterior bundle of the MCL. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intraobserver reliability were 0.997, 0.992, and 0.974 for the test distal humerus, test coronoid, and test radial head, respectively. The ICCs for interobserver reliability were 0.915 for the test distal humerus, 0.66 for the coronoid, and 0.583 for the radial head. The EMEA provides the most visualization of the coronoid and distal humerus, whereas the Hotchkiss showed the most radial head. However, these approaches mainly visualize structures anterior to the MCL. If exposure of structures posterior to the MCL is required, the FCU-Split and T&S approaches are more appropriate.

Backward Deep BSDE Methods and Applications to Nonlinear Problems

In this paper, we present a backward deep BSDE method applied to Forward Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE) with given terminal condition at maturity that time-steps the BSDE backwards. We present an application of this method to a nonlinear pricing problem - the differential rates problem. To time-step the BSDE backward, one needs to solve a nonlinear problem. For the differential rates problem, we derive an exact solution of this time-step problem and a Taylor-based approximation. Previously backward deep BSDE methods only treated zero or linear generators. While a Taylor approach for nonlinear generators was previously mentioned, it had not been implemented or applied, while we apply our method to nonlinear generators and derive details and present results. Likewise, previously backward deep BSDE methods were presented for fixed initial risk factor values X_0 only, while we present a version with random X_0 and a version that learns portfolio values at intermediate times as well. The method is able to solve nonlinear FBSDE problems in high dimensions.

How Do Labor Representatives Affect Incentive Orientation of Executive Compensation?

Abstract Contrary to previous literature we hypothesize that labor’s interest may well—like that of shareholders—aim at securing the long-run survival of the firm. Consequently, employee representatives on the supervisory board could well have an interest in increasing incentive-based compensation to avoid management’s excessive risk taking and short-run oriented decisions. We compile unique panel data on executive compensation over the periods 2006–2011 for 405 listed companies and use a Hausman–Taylor approach to estimate the effect of codetermination on the compensation design. Finally, codetermination has a significantly positive effect on performance-based components of compensation, which supports our hypothesis. (JEL codes: J52, L20, G32, M12, C33)

Passivity and passivity indices of nonlinear systems under operational limitations using approximations

In this paper, we will discuss how operational limitations affect input–output behaviours of the system. In particular, we will provide a formulation for passivity and passivity indices of a nonlinear system given operational limitations on the input and state variables. This formulation is presented in the form of local passivity and indices. We will provide optimisation based formulation to derive passivity properties of the system through polynomial approximations. Two different approaches are taken to approximate the nonlinear dynamics of a system through polynomial functions; namely, Taylor's theorem and a multivariate generalisation of Bernstein polynomials. For each approach, conditions for stability, dissipativity, and passivity of a system, as well as methods to find its passivity indices, are given. Two different methods are also presented to reduce the size of the optimisation problem in Taylor's theorem approach. Examples are provided to show the applicability of the results.

Features of the Structural and Magnetic Characteristics of Cobalt-Rich Amorphous Thick Microwires

Results are presented from investigating the structural and magnetic characteristics of Co69Fe4Cr4Si12B11 amorphous microwires with magnetic core diameters of 35–360 µm, obtained using an updated Ulitovskii–Taylor approach. It is found that the microwires have stable geometric dimensions along their lengths and almost defect-free surfaces. They are characterized by high plasticity and strength, and their magnetic characteristics depend on their diameter. The possibility of the microwires’ practical application is shown.