Taxi Research Articles

Temporal characteristics of turbulent flow and moth orientation behaviour patterns with fluent simulation and moth-based moving model simulation

ObjectivePrevious research has explored the pheromone release patterns of female moths, revealing species-specific release frequencies and the transmission of temporal information through odourant plumes in turbulent flows. Varying the release frequency during the orientation process results in distinct orientation behaviours. Studies on moth movement patterns have determined that encounters and deviations from odour plumes elicit distinct reactions; the time interval between each movement pattern is measured as the “reaction time,” and the interval between each detection and loss of odourant plume is measured as the “gap length.” MethodsWe simulated turbulent flow at various release frequencies. Our efforts focused on establishing a model that could simulate the joint orientation movement under turbulent flow and intermittent plumes. We built an agent moving mechanism, including wind velocity information, with particular reference to the temporal parameter and orientation success efficiency. ResultsWe calculated the time threshold of each burst in different simulations under different wind velocities and release frequencies. The time structure characteristics of the plume along the turbulent flow vary depending on the distance from the source. We simulated walking agents in a turbulent environment and recorded their behaviour processes. The reaction time, release interval, and time threshold were related to the orientation results. ConclusionOn the basis of previous experimental results and our simulations, we conclude that the designated interval time likely enhances search efficiency. The complex and dynamic natural environment presents various opportunities for using this unique odour-source searching capability in different scenarios, potentially improving the control systems of odour-searching robots.

How Does The Public Respond To The Impact Of Carbon Tax Implementation Planning In DKI Jakarta?

Implementing a carbon tax is a policy to overcome the impact of carbon emissions on the decline in environmental quality. Implementing carbon tax policies can have complex impacts in various fields, such as economic, environmental, social, and political. This research analyzes the public's open response to the impact of carbon tax implementation. The research uses a qualitative and S-O-R method to analyze the public's response to the carbon tax. Data collection methods are carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The criteria for selecting sources (informants) in this research are people in DKI Jakarta who have an NPWP (Tax ID number), owners, and users of motorized vehicles, as well as academics in the field of taxation. Data analysis was done in data reduction, display, and conclusion. The analysis results in this research show that most people respond to implementing the carbon tax by agreeing with income redistribution as a reduction in rates for other types of taxes. In the environmental aspect, there is a positive response to implementing a carbon tax in reducing the impact of carbon emissions. Various responses highlighted the principles of justice regarding social inequality between social groups and the need to evaluate policy instruments in socio-political aspects. Public approval for implementing a carbon tax considering economic changes and environmental awareness still underlines the need for a fairer socio-political approach.

Design optimization of bellow joints used in liquid propellant rocket engines

Abstract Bellow joints are frequently used in hydraulic lines, constructions, and various areas such as nuclear stations to absorb the energy caused by flow and external forces, provide flexibility to the lines, and prevent damages such as cracking and deterioration in the flow lines. There exist various types of bellow joints (e.g., axial type, gimbal type, and hinge type) that allow axial, lateral, and angular movements. Bellow joints that assist thrust vector control in liquid propellant rocket engines prevent the hydraulic lines from being damaged during the orientation movements of the missile. While providing this flexibility to the lines in rocket engines, they create additional force against the linear actuators that move the liquid motor nozzle. This additional force causes the need for larger actuators, resulting in more weight and volume. In this study, design optimization of the bellow joint used in liquid propellant rocket engines is conducted to minimize the force transferred to the actuators by minimizing the bending moment developed in the bellow joint. It is found that the bending moment developed in the bellow joint could be reduced by a significant rate of 75 % without compromising the structural integrity of the bellow joint.

Socialization of Tax Procedure for Domestic Taxpayers Receiving Income Abroad in Pulau Pinang Malaysia

In the era of the global economy, cross-border business activities are widespread, including the urbanisation of citizens abroad, one of which is a member of the Pertubuhan Masyarakat Indonesia (PERMAI) on Penang Island Malaysia both as expatriates, students, entrepreneurs and as a workforce in Malaysia which has an impact on increasing foreign exchange earnings. Specifically, through the Minister of Finance Regulation Number 18 of 2021, the Government of Indonesia has provided direction on how to manage the tax status for domestic taxpayers who work and earn income abroad, or vice versa. However, many taxpayers do not understand their tax status when working and earning income abroad and have the wrong perception that they are at risk of getting a tax bill from the tax authorities in Indonesia, so socialization is needed. This community service activity aims to provide education about tax procedures for Indonesian taxpayers who work and earn income abroad and provide assistance in carrying out procedures according to applicable regulations. This activity was held in Pulau Pinang Malaysia in January 2024 to 75 Indonesians who are domiciled and have income abroad. With the socialization and question and answer method, it was found that all participants did not know the rules and did not understand how the procedure should be before the activity took place. The understanding of the participants increased after the activity, and the majority of participants became vigilant and intended to coordinate with their families in Indonesia regarding their Tax ID Numbers.

A52: Practice Research on Orientation Movement Teaching in Primary School

Purpose: Sports shoulder the important task of improving the physical health of teenagers, is an indispensable part of the school quality education, more importantly, is to undertake the fundamental mission of moral cultivation. Orienteering is a new sports project integrating intelligence and physical strength. It not only strengthens the body, but also improves the students' self-control ability such as thinking and judging ability and solving difficulties by themselves, so as to truly realize the ideal effect of "sports people". Methods: From the perspective of the implementation of school-based orienteering curriculum in our school, this paper adopts experimental methods, mathematical statistics and other research methods to conduct 16-week orienteering research on 112 fifth-grade students in Qixing Group School and discusses the influence of students' physical learning effect (learning attitude and expression of affection), physical form, function and quality. It provides theoretical reference and experimental support for orienteering movement in campus. Results: First, after the integration of orientation teaching, the students in the experimental group showed a change in their attitude towards sports learning. 86% of the students could clearly recognize that participation in orientation sports can strengthen their physical fitness, promote the cultivation of sports ethics, and subtly affect their internal emotions and emotions. Second, the height and weight of male and female students before and after the experiment were not significant (P > 0.05), but the amplitude was increased; The results of vital capacity, 50m, 50m *8 retrace run, sit-up and other events were improved significantly (P < 0.01). Conclusion: It is feasible and meaningful to introduce orientation teaching content into primary school physical education. Not only enrich the teaching content of physical education, but also help to improve the function of students' internal organs, cultivate students' will quality, innovation ability and other values. The support of school leaders plays a crucial role; PE teachers should renew themselves, design a variety of age-appropriate competitions, and ensure good classroom discipline and safety of sports environment. The school-based orienteering teaching system needs constant practice and summary to optimize the reasonable evaluation mechanism.

NPWP vs NIK: Integrating the Single Identity Number in Taxation

The policy of integrating National ID Numbers and Tax ID Numbers as the government's initial effort to implement a Single Identity Number has various challenges in its implementation. Perceptions between policymakers that differ from public perceptions are one of the main problems that must be considered. This research was conducted to find out the perceptions and expectations of Taxpayers and Frontline Officers at the tax office regarding the implementation of the National ID Number and Tax ID Number integration policy. Data collection was carried out by literature study and interviews with 2 Taxpayers and 2 Frontline Officers. The analytical method used is qualitative descriptive analysis with an inductive approach. The research results show that there is a gap in perception between Taxpayers and the Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) due to the lack of publications where Taxpayers hope that updating data in the context of integrating National ID Numbers with Tax ID Numbers can be done automatically through the system. Frontline Officers also hope there will be no more obstacles in the updating process so that it does not disrupt other services. With this research, the writer hopes that it can become input for the DGT in making policies by considering the constraints and obstacles that may occur in its implementation so that policies can run optimally.

Combining Mindwave, MPU6050, Ultrasonic, and Internet of Things for a reliable, safe, and monitored wheelchair control system

This paper proposes the development of a wheelchair control system by combining a Mindwave EEG (electroencephalogram) sensor, an MPU6050 inertial sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and IoT technology. Stroke survivors often face challenges in controlling their wheelchairs due to cognitive and physical impairments, requiring specific solutions to ensure their safety and comfort. The integration of the Mindwave EEG sensor captures the user's cognitive state, such as level of attention and focus, while the MPU6050's inertial sensor monitors physical movement and changes in head orientation. Additionally, the ultrasonic sensor is incorporated to detect obstacles and provide proximity information for safe navigation. This wheelchair control system is also linked with IoT technology to enable monitoring of the user's cognitive, physical, and environmental condition and remote assistance. In this paper, to implement this wheelchair control system, a T-BEAM with an ESP32 controller is used, which is equipped with GPS to provide wheelchair location data and LORA radio communication for remote data transmission, and a TTGO LORA32 to forward the data to Arduino IoT Cloud service over Wi-Fi. The results of the development show that the wheelchair control system is safer and more monitored, and users are easier and more flexible in operating wheelchairs.

EFFECT OF EMOTION IN MODERATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TAX KNOWLEDGE ON TAX COMPLIANCE

Many taxpayers do not comply with tax obligations. There are various reasons why the taxpayer did not fulfill his tax obligations. This study examines the effect of Tax Knowledge on Tax Compliance and the influence of emotions in moderating the relationship between Tax Knowledge on Tax Compliance. This study used a quantitative method in which primary data were obtained from a questionnaire and processed using SPSS. The population in this study is every individual taxpayer in Surabaya who has an income and a Tax ID Number. This study used a purposive sampling technique and obtained 289 samples. The results indicate that Tax Knowledge has a significant effect on Tax Compliance. Emotions can moderate the relationship between tax knowledge and compliance

Unveiling the microbial diversity and functional dynamics of Shiv Kund, Sohna hot spring, India through a shotgun metagenomics approach.

In this research, we examined the microbial diversity in Sohna hot spring, Haryana, India using shotgun metagenome sequencing based on the Illumina Hiseq 4000 sequencing technology. The raw sequence data from metagenomic paired-end libraries were analysed for taxonomic classification, diversity, and functional annotation using MG-RAST online server. The results showed the presence of total of 57 phyla, 931 genera, and 2068 species, predominantly occupied by Moraxellaceae (Gammaproteobacteria). However, at the species level, we reported the presence of some representative pathogenic taxa, such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Moraxella osloensis. The functional annotation predicted at various levels based on SEED-based subsystem, KEGG ortholog identity (KO), Cluster of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database identified the predominance of genes associated with primary and secondary metabolism along with a crucial role in environmental and genetic signals, cellular communication, and cell signalling. Comparative Genome Analysis (CGA) using The Pathosystem Resource Integration Centre (PATRIC) tool based on genome annotation and assembly of the metagenomic libraries for representative taxon Acinetobacter baumannii (NCBI tax id:470) characterized the reads with a unique genome identifier of 470.20380 (A. baumannii DDLJ4) which is evolutionary closer to A. baumannii ATCC 470.17978 400667.7. In addition, the CARD database results about the presence of potential AMR pathotypes and the prevalence of adeABC, adeIJK, abeM gene-specific clusters that function as multidrug efflux pumps. Overall, the results provided a comprehensive insight into virulence and anti-microbial resistance mechanism and could be useful for developing potential drug targets against the possible AMR pathotypes.

Workspace Analysis and Path Planning of a Novel Robot Configuration with a 9-DOF Serial-Parallel Hybrid Manipulator (SPHM)

The development of serial or parallel manipulator robots is constantly increasing due to the need for faster productivity and higher accuracy. Therefore, researchers have turned to combining both mechanisms, sharing the advantage from serial to parallel or vice versa. This paper proposes a new configuration design for a serial-parallel hybrid manipulator (SPHM) using the industrial robotic KUKA Kr6 R900 and 3-DOF parallel spherical mechanism. The Kr6 R900 has six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) divided into three joints for translation (x, y, z) and another three joints for orientation (A, B, C) of the end-effector and the 3-DOF parallel spherical mechanism with three paired links. On the contrary, each limb of the parallel spherical mechanism consists of revolute–revolute–spherical joints (3-RRS). This mechanism allows translation movement along the Z-axis and orientation movements about the X- and Y- axes. The new hybrid will enrich the serial manipulator in movement flexibility and expand the workspace for serial and parallel manipulator robots. In addition, a complete conceptual design is presented in detail for the new robot configuration with a schematic and experimental setup. Then, a comprehensive mathematical model was derived and solved. The forward, inverse kinematics, and workspace analyses were derived using the graphical solution. Additionally, the new hybrid manipulator was tested for path planning. Moreover, an experimental setup was prepared to test the selected path. Finally, the new robot configuration can enlarge the workspace of both manipulators and the selected path matched to the experimental test.

Cellulose nanofibrils as rheology modifier and fluid loss additive in water-based drilling fluids: Rheological properties, rheological modeling, and filtration mechanisms

This study aims to improve the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluids (WDFs) by using cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), which are the critical parameters in drilling operation. Results showed that the incorporation of CNFs in WDFs effectively improved the rheological and filtration properties. The lathy and flexible CNFs was entangled with bentonite (BT) to form the intertwined CNFs-BT network structure in WDFs, leading to an enhanced viscosity, gel behavior, and temperature stability of WDFs. WDFs containing CNFs showed the superior rheological properties, including the yield stress, anti-deformation capacity and structural restructuring capacity, suggesting an increased capacity to transport the cuttings to the surface. The excellent shear-thinning behavior was due to the orientation movement of CNFs along the shear force. Moreover, the nanosized CNFs resulted in the low permeable filter cakes, leading to less fluid loss volume and final filtration rate. We revealed the fundamental insights into the rheological and filtration properties of WDFs containing CNFs, paving the way for the application of new eco-friendly drilling fluid. Data availabilityData will be made available on request.

Theoretical and experimental bases for the equivalent circuit model for interpretation of silty soil at different temperatures

The exploitation of underground space is accompanied by complex geotechnical problems. The development of electromagnetic exploration technology provides a new perspective for preventing and avoiding these problems. In this work, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to test the single-phase and mixed-phase medium. Based on the unsaturated soil theory and the dual-water conductivity theory, an equivalent circuit model to describe the electrochemical characteristics and microstructure of silty soil with temperature changes through comparative research. The results indicate that the resistance of near-water layer is not affected by temperature, the resistance of silty soil increases mainly results from the influence of the far-water layer until which increases significantly after freezing. The capacitance change of silty soil is mainly affected by the slowing down of the orientation movement of polar molecules in the far-water layer. Based on the fitting data, a mathematical model for calculating the unfrozen water content of frozen soil was proposed, which reasonably verified the relationship between the unfrozen water content and electrical resistance. By improving the testing conditions of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, this method may provide new insights for future research of soil electromagnetic testing technology.

Sensitively humidity-driven actuator and sensor derived from natural skin system

Precise control over the smart materials exhibiting reversible shape changes in response to environmental stimuli presents a considerable challenge. Here, with a self-assembly strategy by extracting natural materials from pigskin, a single layer bio-inspired, transparent, soft biological film (BF) with the primary characteristics of self-actuation and self-sensing is successfully developed. The self-assembly constructed BF can exchange water and reflect environmental humidity gradients rapidly to activate continuous rotary movement. Temperature which affects the thermal motion of water molecules will induce different orientation movement of the film, and on this basis, a humidity-driven energy transfer motor is developed. More characterizations highlight the behavior mechanism of BF through water exchanging by a hydrogen bonding interaction with the hydrophilic group of amino acids residues on the BF surface. Finally, a wearable, steady and ultrafast-response sensor to detect human breathing, especially for real-time obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) state, is fabricated. This study offers great potential in emerging applications including micro-sensors, switches, soft robots and power source technologies.

Smartphone-Based Cognitive Assistance of Blind People in Room Recognition and Awareness

Blind people face multiple challenges in performing their daily activities, such as localization, navigation, and communication with other people following the social status of the ambient environment. The outdoor navigation and localization are mitigated through assistive technologies, such as white cane, smartphones, and Global Positioning System (GPS). However, little attention has been paid to assisting a blind person in judging the room environment, occupants in a room, communicating with an intended person, social status, and so on. This study attempts to provide cognitive assistance to blind people in predicting room types and finding the intended person to communicate their message by understanding their ambient environment and social status in terms of their age, gender, and the number of people inside a room. The proposed solution uses the microphone and speaker to recognize room types and a camera for understanding the ambient environment and social status. The information is conveyed to the blind person through haptic feedback. We analyzed different evaluation metrics, including the movement of people, ambient sounds, orientation, and position. We conducted an extensive user study to validate the proposed solution in real-world scenarios and achieved 87.64% accuracy in room type recognition in 11 rooms, 64.57% gender recognition, 61.73% age group, and 61.71% correctly identified the number of people.

The Role of Central Complex Neurons in Prey Detection and Tracking in the Freely Moving Praying Mantis (Tenodera sinensis).

Complex tasks like hunting moving prey in an unpredictable environment require high levels of motor and sensory integration. An animal needs to detect and track suitable prey objects, measure their distance and orientation relative to its own position, and finally produce the correct motor output to approach and capture the prey. In the insect brain, the central complex (CX) is one target area where integration is likely to take place. In this study, we performed extracellular multi-unit recordings on the CX of freely hunting praying mantises (Tenodera sinensis). Initially, we recorded the neural activity of freely moving mantises as they hunted live prey. The recordings showed activity in cells that either reflected the mantis's own movements or the actions of a prey individual, which the mantises focused on. In the latter case, the activity increased as the prey moved and decreased when it stopped. Interestingly, cells ignored the movement of the other prey than the one to which the mantis attended. To obtain quantitative data, we generated simulated prey targets presented on an LCD screen positioned below the clear floor of the arena. The simulated target oscillated back and forth at various angles and distances. We identified populations of cells whose activity patterns were strongly linked to the appearance, movement, and relative position of the virtual prey. We refer to these as sensory responses. We also found cells whose activity preceded orientation movement toward the prey. We call these motor responses. Some cells showed both sensory and motor properties. Stimulation through tetrodes in some of the preparations could also generate similar movements. These results suggest the crucial importance of the CX to prey-capture behavior in predatory insects like the praying mantis and, hence, further emphasize its role in behaviorally and ecologically relevant contexts.

Non-Compliance with Land and Building Tax - Rural and Urban (PBB-P2) in Special Capital Region of Jakarta

his study evaluates non-compliance of Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2) in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. This research is interesting considering the dependence of the Local Government to PBB-P2 revenue. It can be seen from sustainable efforts to maximize PBB-P2 collection. Maximizing property tax collection can be done in two ways, first by increasing the tax rate, and second, by increasing the value of property taxed (tax base). The increase of tax rate or tax base lead to increase in the amount of PBB-P2 borne by citizens as taxpayers (tax liability). This condition can trigger to non-compliance. This study evaluated other factors affecting non-compliance: the location of the property and type of property. This study used panel probit regression method in analizying 275.394 tax ID from tax year 2014 to 2018. The findings show that tax rates, location of property (flooded or flood-free area), and the type of property (apartment or non apartment property) are related to the increase of non-compliance. Only sales value of the property (NJOP) is not related to the non-compliance behaviour.

Effects of Task Constraints on Kinematic Characteristics of Body Segments in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Children with Typical Development during Hand-Reaching

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have difficulty in managing postural control during functional reaching tasks, although children with different postural control ability are able to come up with different motor solutions to cope with different task demands. This study examined the effect of task constraint on postural control performance in children with cerebral palsy and typical development (TD) in terms of different postural control abilities. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used. Twelve children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (mean age: 107.8 months) and 16 typically developing children (mean age: 110.9 months) participated in this study. Individually, all subjects were seated in a height-adjusted chair and were requested to reach for target(s) located at three different directions (medial, anterior, and lateral). A six-camera Qualisys Motion Capture System was used to capture motion data. Kinematic data in terms of body alignment and angular changes were analyzed. Results: Children with cerebral palsy demonstrated different postural control strategies to complete different reaching tasks compared to typically developing children by preparing postural alignment in advance, coordinating different body orientation movements during reaching after showing difficulty in managing reach medially. Conclusions: Children with cerebral palsy perceive their insufficient ability and prepare their alignment in advance to adapt to the task demanded and decrease the postural challenges of the task. Even though children with cerebral palsy self-generate different motor solutions to reach without falling, these alternative strategies might not be the most efficient adaptation.

A simple and effective attachment to prevent dome diffraction reaching 2D or 1D detectors in x-ray diffractometers.

An attachment has been developed for x-ray diffractometer systems equipped with a domed stage when using a 2D or 1D detector. It consists of a single screen in front of the detector positioned such that it blocks diffraction from the dome. This results in measured data free of disturbing spurious peaks and background, thereby greatly facilitating further data analysis. Its working principle is universally applicable and allows for all specimen orientation movements needed for x-ray diffraction measurements, including texture, stress, and mapping.

Permittivity, loss factor and Cole-Cole model of acrylic materials for dielectric elastomers

In this study, the dielectric constants of VHB4905 and VHB4910 are measured systematically, and the capacitance, edge capacitance, dielectric loss and dielectric loss factor are analyzed. The dielectric properties are revealed from the microstructure, and the Cole-Cole model is used to characterize the dielectric properties. The results show that the dielectric constant is very sensitive to the frequency dependence, but it is sensitive to the real and imaginary parts from 102 Hz to 106 Hz. The relative errors of their permittivity are small, when the edge effect is not taken into account. At high frequency, the orientation movement of the polar group on the side chain of VHB acrylic leads to the decrease of the molecular polarizability, and the energy consumption of electric dipole, shift polarization and turn polarization leads to the decrease of the dielectric constant and the increase of the dielectric loss. The fitting correlation coefficients of dielectric constant for VHB4905 and VHB4910 are high, which describe the polarization relaxation behavior of VHB acrylic acid. The research in this paper is helpful to understand the electrical characteristics of acrylic acid, and provides a basis for the design and control of dielectric elastomer actuator.

Changes of stent-graft orientation after frozen elephant trunk treatment in aortic dissection.

Our goal was to evaluate the extent of stent-graft (SG) elastic recoil in the descending aorta after the frozen elephant trunk procedure in acute (AAD) and chronic (CAD) aortic dissection as well as the impact of SG movement on distal stent graft-induced new entry (d-SINE). We retrospectively analysed 149 (105 AAD, 44 CAD) of 259 aortic dissection patients after the frozen elephant trunk procedure between January 2005 and April 2019. Inclusion criteria were at least 1-year computed tomography angiography (CTA) aortic examinations during a follow-up time of 3.8 ± 2.7 years and absence of open or endovascular reintervention. Multiplanar reconstruction of CTA scans was used to define the SG vector position and movement in a virtual Cartesian coordinate system. The angle φ of vector movement and changes of aortic areas at the distal landing zone were analysed. The distal SG position changed over time in the cranial (10.06 ± 11.12 mm), dorsal (8.45 ± 11.12 mm) and lateral (4.96 ± 9.89 mm) directions (P < 0.001). The total change of φ (4.08 ± 7.03°) was greater in AAD than in CAD (P = 0.026). d-SINE was more common in CAD (P < 0.001) and was associated with the size of the aortic area, aortic area enlargement and continuous SG unfolding (P < 0.001). With the frozen elephant trunk technique, movement and change of SG orientation in the descending aorta were observed over time. Elastic recoil was greater in AAD than in CAD. The incidence of d-SINE was particularly dependent on the size of the aortic lumen and SG radial expansion and less on elastic recoil.