Taxi Companies Research Articles

Sharing a Ride: A Dual-Service Model of People and Parcels Sharing Taxis with Loose Time Windows of Parcels

(1) Efficient resource utilization in urban transport necessitates the integration of passenger and freight transport systems. Current research focuses on dynamically responding to both passenger and parcel orders, typically by initially planning passenger routes and then dynamically inserting parcel requests. However, this approach overlooks the inherent flexibility in parcel delivery times compared to the stringent time constraints of passenger transport. (2) This study introduces a novel approach to enhance taxi resource utilization by proposing a shared model for people and parcel transport, designated as the SARP-LTW (Sharing a ride problem with loose time windows of parcels) model. Our model accommodates loose time windows for parcel deliveries and initially defines the parcel delivery routes for each taxi before each working day, which was prior to addressing passenger requests. Once the working day of each taxi commences, all taxis will prioritize serving the dynamic passenger travel requests, minimizing the delay for these requests, with the only requirement being to ensure that all pre-scheduled parcels can be delivered to their destinations. (3) This dual-service approach aims to optimize profits while balancing the time-sensitivity of passenger orders against the flexibility in parcel delivery. Furthermore, we improved the adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm by introducing an ant colony information update mechanism (AC-ALNS) to solve the SARP-LTW efficiently. (4) Numerical analysis of the well-known Solomon set of benchmark instances demonstrates that the SARP-LTW model outperforms the SARP model in profit rate, revenue, and revenue stability, with improvements of 48%, 46%, and 49%, respectively. Our proposed approach enables taxi companies to maximize vehicle utilization, reducing idle time and increasing revenue.

Impact of Transportation Network Companies on Conventional Taxi Companies in Indonesia

Impact of Transportation Network Companies on Conventional Taxi Companies in Indonesia

Daily Income Targets and Passenger Pressure on Safety Risky Riding Behavior Among Online Motorcycle Taxi Riders in Jakarta, Indonesia

Online motorcycle taxi riders, a vulnerable group on the road, are more susceptible to serious injury than non-motorcycle riders. This study analyzed a correlation between daily income targets, passenger pressure, risk perception, safety attitudes, and risky riding behavior. This cross-sectional study used a semi-quantitative approach by collecting online-based questionnaires from 500 online motorcycle taxi riders in Jakarta, and 50 of them were obtained through offline interviews. The findings revealed a significant relationship between daily income targets, passenger pressure, risk perception (danger level, stochastic evaluation, and safety priority), safety attitudes (pragmatic attitude to rule violations and dissatisfaction with traffic rules), and risky riding behavior, with a p-value of <0.05. In particular, a pragmatic attitude to rule violations was the most impactful on risky riding behavior. Online motorcycle taxi companies should provide regular training on traffic laws and safe riding practices to improve road safety. This holistic approach may enhance safety through education, passenger awareness, and rigorous management.

Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network-Based Prediction of the Urban Grid-Level Taxi Demand–Supply Imbalance Using GPS Trajectories

The objective imbalance between the taxi supply and demand exists in various areas of the city. Accurately predicting this imbalance helps taxi companies with dispatching, thereby increasing their profits and meeting the travel needs of residents. The application of Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) in traffic forecasting has inspired the development of a spatial–temporal model for grid-level prediction of the taxi demand–supply imbalance. However, spatial–temporal GCN prediction models conventionally capture only static inter-grid correlation features. This research aims to address the dynamic influences caused by taxi mobility and the variations of other transportation modes on the demand–supply dynamics between grids. To achieve this, we employ taxi trajectory data and develop a model that incorporates dynamic GCN and Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) to predict grid-level imbalances. This model captures the dynamic inter-grid influences between neighboring grids in the spatial dimension. It also identifies trends and periodic changes in the temporal dimension. The validation of this model, using taxi trajectory data from Shenzhen city, indicates superior performance compared to classical time-series models and spatial–temporal GCN models. An ablation study is conducted to analyze the impact of various factors on the predictive accuracy. This study demonstrates the precision and applicability of the proposed model.

РАЗРАБОТКА СИСТЕМЫ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА РАБОТЫ ВОДИТЕЛЕЙ ТАКСОМОТОРНЫХ АВТОТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ

To improve the quality of the organization of transportation activities in the field of taxi passenger transportation, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the selection and subsequent employment of a motor vehicle driver. The article suggests indicators that can fully characterize the driver of a motor vehicle in terms of safety of vehicle operation, professionalism and technical literacy, decency and accuracy, politeness. Depending on the priorities of the employer, represented by the management of a taxi company or a taxi aggregator, you can choose the most acceptable candidate for the position of a taxi driver or a partner of a contractor engaged in passenger automobile transportation. The unified database of taxi drivers created subsequently, containing individual performance indicators of their work, has a number of advantages for both taxi drivers and employers, allowing some, depending on their work efficiency, to claim higher wages for their work, and others the opportunity to reduce the cost of operating vehicles and improve the culture of taxi trucking.

The mediating role of customer attitudes in the linkage between e-commerce and the digital economy

<abstract> <p>Recently, TechCrunch, a digital economy news site, noted that "Uber, the world's largest taxi company, owns no vehicles. Facebook, the world's most popular media owner, creates no content. Alibaba, the most valuable retailer, has no inventory. And Airbnb, the world's largest accommodation provider, owns no real estate, something interesting is happening." All these companies are involved in e-commerce business, namely the process of buying and selling products by electronic means, such as mobile applications and the Internet. In light of this, this study aimed to examine the relationship between e-commerce and digital economy, with a particular focus on the mediating role of customers' attitudes. To achieve this objective, the study employed a mixed research approach and adopted an explanatory research design. The target population consisted of all customers who are potential e-commerce users. Convenience sampling techniques were employed to collect data from respondents. The findings of the study revealed a positive and significant relationship between e-commerce and the digital economy, both in terms of direct and indirect effects. Additionally, the study identified the partial mediating role of customer attitudes in this relationship. Based on these findings, the study recommends that e-commerce companies should explore the potential of social networking media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram to further enhance overall e-commerce usage among customers. This strategic approach can complement their existing platforms and contribute to their growth and success in the digital economy.</p> </abstract>

How does autonomous vehicles affect taxi industry? A two-stage Van Damme based tripartite evolutionary game perspective

As urban passenger transportation focuses more on economic efficiency and road safety, autonomous driving technology is being introduced in the taxi industry. Interests differ among automobile manufacturers, taxi companies, and the government in promoting the adoption of autonomous taxis (ATs). This paper investigates the impact of multiple factors in the mixed traffic operation mode on the tripartite game using the two-stage Van Damme model. It also analyzes the game-breaking key to automobile manufactures' decision in the dual stable situation. The findings are as follows: (1) Under government non-promotion, independent R&D guides taxi companies to adopt ATs more effectively. Under government promotion, the social acceptance and loss of technology dominance have varying impacts on the game results. (2) Adjusting infrastructure cost and subsidy intensity can lead to a single stable situation when taxi companies and the government adopt a wait-and-see approach. (3) The loss of technology dominance shifts game leader from automobile manufacturers to the government. (4) Taxi companies would only adopt ATs when the social acceptance is moderate, as it exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship. These findings provide valuable insights for how to better promote the adoption of ATs under both promotion and non-promotion by the government.

Making Live through the Gig

Against the scholarly emphasis on precariousness, this article focuses on how gig work in 1970s Singapore was developed with the specific vision of enabling life for the working-class Singaporean family-man. From 1970 to 1993, the taxi company Comfort invested its operations with a powerful vision of the transformative potentials of taxi-driving labor. The gig work of taxis was made to change the work ethic of men, creating workers and fathers who could advance class mobility, nation-building, and the family, raising children who would become ideal workers of the future. Such hopes, however, still relied upon the insecurity of the gig to force the men into adherence. Entangled with patriarchy, nationalism, and familialism, this article examines the compromises exacted through the gig’s capacity to make live, and analyses how Comfort’s experiment has left a legacy in the ways that platformed gig work is governed today, which needs engagement and revision.

Real-time taxi spatial anomaly detection based on vehicle trajectory prediction

Taxi services have long faced difficulties with unethical taxi drivers taking detours, especially when passengers are unfamiliar with their surroundings. Therefore, it is important to monitor taxis’ operation to enhance the quality of taxi services. In this paper, we mainly study the anomaly detection of taxi trajectories in the spatial dimension with a novel taxi anomaly detection framework based on real-time vehicle trajectory prediction. The framework is termed as TAPS and consists of two stages: the offline training stage and the online anomaly detection stage. In the first stage, a vehicle prediction model is established by training recommended routes provided by a navigation platform to predict a taxi’s next locations. The second step is to detect the taxi’s anomalous trajectories by measuring the consistency between its current and predicted positions as well as the relationship between these two positions and the origin. The effectiveness and timeliness of TAPS are evaluated in a real-world case study. The experiment results show that compared with two baselines, TAPS achieves greater Accuracy, Precision and F1 score to detect anomalous trajectories. This proposed framework can serve as a fundamental tool to detect anomalous trajectories for taxi passengers and companies.

KUŞAKLAR AÇISINDAN PSİKOLOJİK SERMAYE VE ÖZ ANLAYIŞIN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI: HAVACILIK İŞLETMELERİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

This study aims to compare psychological capital and self-compassion in terms of various generations working in aviation companies, and also to investigate the effect of psychological capital on self-compassion. The research data were collected from 303 employees working in air taxi companies in Turkey, using the purposeful sampling method, by face-to-face survey technique. The data obtained were tested with the SPSS 25.0 package program. Frequency analysis, factor and reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were performed on the data collected in the study. Levene test and ANOVA analysis were made in the discrimination tests. In order to understand from which generation the differences originate, the Post Hoc test using the Tukey HSD test was also applied. As a result of the research findings, a significant difference emerged between hope, which is one of the sub-dimensions of psychological capital, and Generation Z. It was found that there is a significant difference between psychological resilience and self-compassion and Generation Y. It was also determined that psychological capital, hope, and psychological resilience have a significant and positive effect on self-compassion. Finally, it was determined that optimism had a significant and positive effect on self-compassion.

Small and medium-sized taxi firm operators' stated choices of future business models: A case study in Japan based on hybrid choice model with panel effects

Taxi firms in Japan faced various challenges, including long-standing issues such as dwindling demand and driver shortages, recent competition from new technologies, and the short-term impact of the COVID-19 outbreak. These pressures necessitate a diversification of their business model, yet it remains uncertain how operators plan to adapt and how the government can facilitate the evolution of their mobility services. This study explores these issues from the viewpoint of small and medium-sized taxi firm operators in Japan, specifically focusing on their attitudes towards potential barriers, their preparedness for, and preferences towards new business models. To that end, we conducted a Statd Preference survey on new business models with taxi companies in the Chugoku region, western Japan. The findings reveal that an operator's attitude towards regulatory strictness indirectly lowers the likelihood of choosing new business models, whereas operational difficulties increase this probability. Interestingly, taxi firms operating in medium-sized cities tended to collaborate with private or public sectors in their new business models compared to firms in other areas. This study offers insights into policy discourse and design, emphasizing the need for strategic, collaborative, and contextually-aware responses to the evolving challenges within Japan's taxi industry.

New York City Taxi Trip Duration Prediction Using Machine Learning

Abstract: Given the complexity of urban transportation networks and the multiple variables that might affect journey times, estimating the length of cab rides in New York City (NYC) is a difficult process. In this study, we provide a unique method for resolving this issue that makes use of machine learning techniques and a wide range of attributes gleaned from taxi trip data. We start by gathering a sizable collection of historical records of NYC taxi trips,providing specifics like pick-up and drop-off points, timestamps, and lengths of trips. To deal with outliers, missing values, and geographical and temporal irregularities, we preprocess the data. Furthermore, we design a broad range of characteristics, such as geographic coordinates, time of day, day of the week, and weather conditions, to capture the spatial, temporal, and contextual elements of each journey. Then, using gradient boosting methods, we create a prediction model that efficiently uncovers the intricate patterns seen in the data. We carefully adjust the model's hyperparameter to enhance performance and use cross-validation techniques to guarantee resilience. In addition, we apply ensemble techniques to enhance prediction precision and minimise model bias. We conduct lengthy tests on a held-out test set and compare the performance of our model to a number of baseline techniques frequently employed in triptime prediction in order to assess the efficacy of our suggested strategy. The outcomes show that our strategy works better than the competition, with lower prediction errors and higher accuracy. We also do interpretability assessments to learn more about the variables that have the most impact on estimates of trip time. Our results demonstrate the potential of feature engineering and M L approaches for precise and trustworthy taxi trip length prediction in NYC. The suggested method not only helps taxi service companies by allowing them to more accurately predict journey lengths, but it also improves customer experience by giving more precise travel time estimates. Additionally, our approach may be used as a starting point for future studies in the field of urban transportation prediction, enabling better efficiency and planning in urban mobility networks.

The Potential of Battery Electric Taxis in Santiago de Chile

Given the semi-private nature of the mode, the conversion of taxi vehicles to electric requires a feasibility analysis, as it can impact their operations and revenues. In this research, we assess the feasibility of taxi companies in Santiago de Chile operating with battery electric vehicles (BEVs), considering the current electric mobility infrastructure of the city. We used a large database of GPS pulses provided by a taxi app to obtain a complete picture of typical taxi trips and operations in the city. Then, we performed an assessment of the feasibility of the fleet conversion by considering battery capacity, driving range, proximity to recharging stations, and charging power. The results are promising, as the number of completed trips ranges from 87.35% to 94.34%, depending on the BEV driving range. The analysis shows the importance of installing fast charging points in the locations or BEV driving ranges.

ANALISIS PREDIKSI FINANCIAL DISTRESS DENGAN METODE ALTMAN (Z-SCORE), SPRINGATE (S-SCORE), DAN ZMIJEWSKI (X-SCORE) PADA PERUSAHAAN TAKSI KONVENSIONAL YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

This study aims to prediction analysis financial distress using the Altman (Z-Score), Springate (S-Score), and Zmijewski (X-Score) methods for Conventional Taxi Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange based on the company's annual financial reports for the 2019-2021 period. The type of research used in this research is descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The data used in this study are the financial statements of conventional taxi companies for the 2019-2021 period published in the website Indonesia stock exchange. The results showed that the Altman Method (Z-Score), PT. Express Transindo Utama Tbk for the 2019-2021 period is predicted Financial Distress and PT. Blue Bird Tbk predicts the 2019-2021 period Non Financial Distress. On the Springate method (S-Score), PT. Express Transindo Utama Tbk 2019 and 2020 are predicted Financial Distress and 2021 predicted Non Financial Distress, then PT. Blue Bird Tbk predicts the 2019-2021 period Financial Distress. At method Zmijewski (X-Score), PT. Express Transindo Utama Tb. 2019 and 2020 are predicted Financial Distress and 2021 predicted Non Financial Distress, then PT. Blue Bird Tbk predicts the 2019-2021 period Non Financial Distress.

Taxi drivers’ traffic violations detection using random forest algorithm: A case study in China

Objective To effectively explore the impacts of several key factors on taxi drivers’ traffic violations and provide traffic management departments with scientific decisions to reduce traffic fatalities and injuries. Methods 43,458 electronic enforcement data about taxi drivers’ traffic violations in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China, from July 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021, were utilized to explore the characteristics of traffic violations. A random forest algorithm was used to predict the severity of taxi drivers’ traffic violations and 11 factors affecting traffic violations, including time, road conditions, environment, and taxi companies were analyzed using the Shapley Additionality Explanation (SHAP) framework. Results Firstly, the ensemble method Balanced Bagging Classifier (BBC) was applied to balance the dataset. The results showed that the imbalance ratio (IR) of the original imbalanced dataset reduced from 6.61% to 2.60%. Moreover, a prediction model for the severity of taxi drivers’ traffic violations was established by using the Random Forest, and the results showed that accuracy, m_F1, m_G-mean, m_AUC, and m_AP obtained 0.877, 0.849, 0.599, 0.976, and 0.957, respectively. Compared with the algorithms of Decision Tree, XG Boost, Ada Boost, and Neural Network, the performance measures of the prediction model based on Random Forest were the best. Finally, the SHAP framework was used to improve the interpretability of the model and identify important factors affecting taxi drivers’ traffic violations. The results showed that functional districts, location of the violation, and road grade were found to have a high impact on the probability of traffic violations; their mean SHAP values were 0.39, 0.36, and 0.26, respectively. Conclusions Findings of this paper may help to discover the relationship between the influencing factors and the severity of traffic violations, and provide a theoretical basis for reducing the traffic violations of taxi drivers and improving the road safety management.

ANALYSIS OF TAXI SERVICE ORGANIZING AND REGULATION FOR BAKU CITY

With the expansion of the use of digital technologies, the nature of almost all service industries has changed. Taxi services are no exception. The use of mobile applications, and the creation of call centres, have simplified the access of passengers to taxis and created a new situation. Despite this, with the emergence of a new situation, new problems appeared. This article aims to study taxi services organization and regulation. Thus, surveys were conducted to study attitudes towards offered services for passengers and drivers, the main participants in the taxi market. The questionnaires are aimed at studying the satisfaction of passengers and the attitude of drivers to working conditions. The total weight of using a taxi in comparison with other types of urban transport is determined. The frequency and main reasons for requests for taxi services were identified. This paper also studied the degree of use of mobile applications for calling a taxi and the distribution of orders between taxi companies. Surveys among drivers were mainly aimed at studying the mode of their work and their attitude to the conditions offered by taxi companies. To solve the identified problems, an appropriate regulation method through a single digital platform was proposed.

LEGAL ANALYSIS OF PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS BETWEEN OJEK COMPANIES ONLINE WITH MOTORCYCLE TAXI DRIVER ONLINE

online motorcycle taxi is one of the businesses created from technological developments. Online motorcycle taxis themselves use a partnership agreement as an agreement between online motorcycle taxi companies and online motorcycle taxi drivers. In the partnership agreement between the MAXIM online motorcycle taxi company and MAXIM online motorcycle taxi drivers, the agreement made is a standard agreement which does not give the driver any other choice, which is in conflict with the terms of the agreement. Therefore, this study aims to look at the course of the partnership between the MAXIM online motorcycle taxi company and MAXIM online motorcycle taxi drivers and the legal protection provided in the MAXIM partnership agreement using normative juridical research methods with descriptive analytical specifications.The results of the research on the partnership agreement between online motorcycle taxi companies and online motorcycle taxi drivers are that MAXIM as the service provider company has previously made a partnership agreement and the agreement is a standard agreement where drivers cannot do anything in the contents of the agreement, in other words, they can only accept if want to be part of the MAXIM online motorcycle taxi driver partner where this is not in accordance with the terms of the legal agreement. The legal protection that MAXIM online motorcycle taxi drivers get is preventive legal protection and repressive legal protection. preventive legal protection is legal protection provided by the Indonesian government, while repressive legal protection is protection provided by MAXIM

Taxi driver’s learning curves: An empirical analysis

This study aims to understand the dynamic change in individual taxi drivers’ performance in terms of income and passenger-search performance. We analyzed the global positioning system (GPS) data of 14,170 taxi drivers from a taxi company in Singapore, covering a period of 24 months. Our empirical analyses show that (1) accumulated driving experience increases income and that (2) as taxi drivers accumulate driving experience, they are likely to find new passengers more efficiently by spotting better search areas. We also conducted a field study to extend our understanding of and identify other factors that were not considered in our estimation but could play pivotal roles in performance enhancement, including improved passenger-search routine. The implications of our findings for both theory and practice are discussed.

Neighborhood retail amenities and taxi trip behavior: A natural experiment in Singapore

While a small change in land use planning in existing neighborhoods may significantly reduce private vehicle trips, we do not have a great understanding of the magnitude of the project- and shock-based causal change in travel behaviors, especially for the retail purpose. We analyze the impact of newly developed malls on the retail trip behavior of nearby residents for shopping, dining or services. Using the difference-in-differences approach and big data from a major taxi company in Singapore, we find that households residing within 800 m from a new mall are significantly less likely to take taxis to other retail destinations after the mall's opening. This travel behavior change encompasses both intensive (the share of the number of retail trips out of total taxi trips originating from each residential building) and extensive (the share of retail trip distance out of total taxi trip distance) margin responses. We further demonstrate that the magnitude of this retail trip reduction is more significant during PM peak hours and for residential buildings that are located farther from the Central Business District and in less self-sufficient communities. Our research provides suggestive evidence on the significant role of neighborhood retail amenities to the change in mode and destination choices for retail. An important implication is that improving self-sufficiency for suburban neighborhoods could not only enhance the well-being of their residents but also increase aggregate welfare by reducing the level of congestion. This is extremely relevant to residential town planning in both developing and developed countries.

The Theory of Exploitation as a Support for Management Accounting in an Enterprise

In each company operating on the market, various business processes are implemented: production, logistics, warehouse, marketing, HR and payroll and many others. In enterprises with a high organizational culture, these processes are always measured; various indicators related to the effectiveness and efficiency of these processes are measured and analyzed, and on this basis management decisions are made for the entire enterprise. The aim of this work was to verify the assumption that by properly defining the process of “exploitation” of technical objects (understood as the combination of the processes of operation and maintenance), it is possible to obtain information not only about the effectiveness of this process itself, but also about other business processes carried out in companies. For this purpose, the so-called “exploitation states” characteristic of technical objects used in two different types of small enterprises, i.e., mechanical workshops and taxi enterprises, were defined. Then, in two such workshops and three taxi companies, the time spent by the objects in defined states was measured, and the results were analyzed. We found significant differences in these values even for companies of a similar size and nature. After discussing the results with the owners of the companies, it was found that the differences resulted from different visions of the functioning of each company and—which is very important—their context. In the following, it was shown that properly defining and measuring the exploitation states of technical objects can be useful for improving not only “technical” processes but also most of the business processes carried out in enterprises.