Tax Avoidance Practices Research Articles

Unearthing hidden agendas: carbon emissions and corporate tax strategies

Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship between carbon risk and tax avoidance practices among American firms. Design/methodology/approach The research examines 854 American firms over the period from 2015 to 2021. A two-stage least squares regression technique with instrumental variables is used to address potential endogeneity concerns. Findings The study shows that an increase in carbon risk is associated with higher tax avoidance, particularly through Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions. These findings are robust across various metrics used to measure carbon risk and align with the insights derived from agency theory. Research limitations/implications Although focusing on American firms provides a consistent regulatory context, it may limit the generalizability of findings to other contexts. The study’s implications suggest that policymakers and managers should consider the interplay between environmental and tax policies in their decision-making processes. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by extending the understanding of determinants of corporate tax avoidance by introducing carbon risk as a significant factor. The results provide valuable insights for stakeholders into the evolving dynamics of corporate environmental and fiscal responsibilities.

Peran Moderasi Komisaris Independen Terhadap Firm Attributes dan Penghindaran Pajak: Studi Empiris Perbankan di Indonesia

This study aims to analyze how leverage and capital intensity ratios affect tax avoidance practices, with independent commissioners acting as a moderating factor. This research applies a quantitative approach to secondary data with documentation techniques and literature review. The population in the study consisted of banking sub-industry companies available on the Indonesia Stock Exchange since 2020-2022. The sample calculation applies purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 84 companies. The analysis method applied in the study is through panel data regression analysis techniques from moderated regression analysis analyzed on E-Views 12 student lite software. The results obtained from this study have shown that leverage and capital intensity ratio have a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance. Furthermore, independent commissioners weaken the influence of leverage on tax avoidance, while not being able to moderate the capital intensity ratio for tax avoidance of industrial companies in the banking sub-sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

Effect of Transfer Pricing on Corporation Tax Compliance Among Multinational Corporations in Nairobi Kenya

Purpose: Tax is a compulsory contribution that is made by the citizens of a country to the government for the provision of public utilities. It is evident from the National Tax Policy, 2024 that the Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) and the government at large have recently shown a lot of interest in multinationals due to the complexity of their operations and the tendency for them to come up with complex tax avoidance mechanisms. This has also been complicated by the widespread abuse of transfer pricing models adopted when dealing with multinational corporations operating in Kenya. This study looked into effect of transfer pricing on corporate tax compliance among multinational corporation companies in Kenya. The study was guided by the following theories, AS theory, the Slippery Slope Framework, and the theory of the planned behavior. Methodology: The study employed an explanatory research design. The target population was 221 multinational corporations’ companies and a sample size of 142 respondents. Questionnaires were used to collect primary data and analysis was descriptive statistics include frequency, percentage, and mean while inferential statistics included correlation and multiple regression. Results: The study findings found out most companies in Nairobi, Kenya have transfer pricing policies that are moderately but not adequately in line with domestic tax statutes. Most companies will use transfer pricing as a tool to reduce their tax liabilities. Further, KRA is moderately but not adequately efficient in monitoring and regulating transfer pricing practices in our company. Conclusion: The study results concluded that transfer pricing affects corporation tax compliance Based on the findings, the study recommends there is a need for exchange of information and more international collaborative efforts from a policy, legal, and academic front to address aggressive tax avoidance practices from MNCs. Therefore, future studies can be conducted on the impact of Dispute resolution mechanism on corporation tax performance.

DETERMINANTS OF TAX AVOIDANCE IN INDONESIAN TECHNOLOGY LISTED COMPANIES

This study examines the effect of Profitability (Return On Sales and net Profit Margin), Sales Growth and Business Strategy on Tax Avoidance practices and Financial Distress as moderators suspected of influencing corporate tax avoidance practices. The quantitative method used in this study, multiple linear regression, is the right choice for conducting further analysis, with a range of observations of financial reports on technology companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2019-2023, with a purposive sampling technique to ensure obtaining information related to the measurement indicators used, in 15 qualified companies, using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0. The study concluded that Return On Sales, Net Profit Margin, and Business Strategy influenced Tax Avoidance practices. In contrast, the Sales Growth variable did not influence Tax Avoidance, and Financial Distress only moderated the effect of ROS on Tax Avoidance. In practice, not all management strategies to increase sales absorb too high costs, so financial managers do not choose to practice tax avoidance. The implications of this study are expected to provide an overview to users of financial reports, especially external parties, to assess the firm's performance in complying with its tax obligations based on the factors in this study.

Can reducing corporate income tax rates decrease tax avoidance?

This research aims to examine and analyze the effect of reducing corporate income tax rates on tax avoidance practices carried out by non-cyclical consumer sector companies. This research involves secondary data analysis using the Panel Data Regression approach with 6 research samples taken from the non-cyclical consumer sector on the LQ45 index for the 2018-2022 period. The total sample used in the study amounted to 30 observations based on purposive sampling. The test results show that reducing the corporate income tax rate positively and significantly affects tax avoidance practices in non-cyclical consumer sector companies on the LQ45 index. This research is expected to encourage the government to formulate other tax incentive policies and provide insights into the effectiveness of the implemented tax policies. One of the expected objectives of companies utilizing tax incentives is to accelerate the economic growth of society. Lower tax burdens are hoped to encourage companies to expand their businesses and potentially absorb more labor, triggering multiplier effects in the economic sector to advance public welfare. In terms of literature, this research contributes to enriching the discussion about the effect of reducing corporate tax rates on companies' tax avoidance, and it is expected to contribute to the development of tax accounting literature.

Global tax avoidance and evasion: A landscape through insights from a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis

This research aims to comprehensively investigate contemporary practices and factors influencing global tax avoidance and evasion through a systematic literature review (SLR) and bibliometric analysis. This study methodology uses SLR with bibliometric analysis to map this research trend. Relevant literature was collected and systematically analyzed to identify key themes, methodologies, and findings regarding tax avoidance and evasion. The study’s findings identify various tax avoidance practices, including profit shifting, transfer pricing strategies, and the use of tax havens by multinational corporations. The report also highlights various forms of tax evasion, such as money laundering and illicit financial flows. Key factors influencing tax behavior are ethical considerations, government policies, economic factors, and corporate governance practices. This analysis highlights the complex interactions between these factors in shaping tax practices globally. The study’s conclusions show that effective tax governance requires a multifaceted approach integrating ethical standards, a strong regulatory framework, and international cooperation. Ethical corporate behavior and transparent reporting are essential in promoting tax compliance and fairness. This study emphasizes the critical role of policymakers in designing and enforcing tax policies that discourage aggressive tax planning while encouraging economic growth and equality. Recommendations from these findings are to increase transparency in multinational operations, strengthen international tax cooperation, and improve global tax administration capabilities. In addition, increasing taxpayer education and awareness can foster a culture of compliance and ethical tax practices. Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies and case-specific analyses to deepen understanding and develop targeted interventions to address tax avoidance and evasion challenges.

FINANCIAL DISTRESS DAN TAX AVOIDANCE: POTRET PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DALAM ANALISIS DESKRIPTIF KUANTITATIF

Tax avoidance can be driven by several factors, including declining financial conditions. Based on some cases that have occurred in companies in Indonesia, the research questions for this study are: 1) Do companies experiencing financial difficulties tend to engage in tax avoidance? 2) Do companies not experiencing financial difficulties also tend to engage in tax avoidance? The purpose of this study is to investigate and describe the tendency of tax avoidance based on the financial conditions of companies. The sample for this study includes manufacturing companies in the sub-sectors of Household Goods, Leisure Goods, and Tobacco listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020-2022. The sample selection was done using purposive sampling, resulting in 33 samples from 11 companies that met specific criteria. This research is a descriptive quantitative study, describing financial distress using the Springate S-Score method and tax avoidance using the Cash Effective Tax Rate. The scores and ratios were then analyzed using Microsoft Excel Office 2021. The results of this study indicate that companies experiencing financial difficulties tend to engage in tax avoidance practices. There are also companies that are not experiencing financial difficulties but are still indicated to be engaging in tax avoidance practices. Additionally, it was found that some companies categorized as experiencing financial difficulties do not engage in tax avoidance practices

Terror and taxes: how attacks impact corporate tax avoidance

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of terrorist attacks on tax avoidance. Further, the authors identify the possible channel leading to our main result and examine the role of social pressure. Design/methodology/approach Data pertaining to terrorist attacks within the USA are procured from the Global Terrorism Database. The final sample consists of 45,524 firm-year observations from 1993 to 2017. The methodology uses ordinary least squares regressions. Findings The authors find that firms located in close proximity to terrorist attacks (i.e. impact firms) significantly decrease their tax avoidance practices after the attacks. The authors further find that these impact firms are willing to pay more taxes post attack when their headquarters are located in higher social capital regions. Originality/value Studies have mainly focused on the macroeconomic effects of terrorism, and only recently have researchers shifted their focus to firm-level impacts. The authors provide strong evidence that extends the second line of the literature by exploring corporate tax activities attributed to terrorist events.

Influence of company size, capital intensity, sales growth and profit management against tax avoidance

This study aims to explore the influence of Company Size, Capital Intensity, Sales Growth, and Profit Management on Tax Avoidance in Consumer Non Cyclicals companies with food and beverage sub-sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018-2022 period. This study uses a quantitative approach with purposive sampling techniques, and involves 14 companies as a sample. The analysis method used is multiple regression with F test and T test using Eviews 12. The results show that Company Size has an effect on Tax Avoidance, while Capital Intensity, Sales Growth, and Profit Management have no effect on tax avoidance. However, simultaneously, all of these independent variables have a significant influence on Tax Avoidance. This research contributes to the Directorate General of Taxes in an effort to increase tax collection from companies, as well as provide insights for companies to comply with tax regulations and reduce tax avoidance practices. For the author, this study adds to the understanding of the variables that affect tax avoidance. Kata Kunci : Ukuran Perusahaan; Capital Intensity; Pertumbuhan Penjualan; Manajemen Laba; Penghindaran Paja

The effect of ESG, inventory intensity and managerial ownership on tax avoidance

This study aims to determine the influence of ESG (Environment, Social, And Governance), Inventory Intesity, and Managerial Ownership on Tax Avoidance. Tax Avoidance is a dependent variable and ESG (Environment, Social, And Governance), Inventory Intesity and Managerial Ownership are independent variables This type of research is carried out using a quantitative method and the sampling technique is purposive sampling. The population in this study is all companies listed on the Kompas100 stock index and the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018-2022 period. The number of companies used as a research sample is 10 companies. The analysis method uses multiple regression analysis, T test and F test using Eviews 12. The results showed that the influence of ESG (Environment, Social, And Governance) had no effect on Tax Avoidance, Inventory Intesity had an effect on Tax Avoidance and Managerial Ownership had an effect on Tax Avoidance. Meanwhile, ESG (Environment, Social, And Governance), Inventory Intesity, and Managerial Ownership have a simultaneous effect on Tax Avoidance. This research is useful in providing this information to help the Directorate General of Taxes increase corporate income tax collection by companies, as well as direct company policies to comply with tax laws and avoid irregularities. For the authors, this information adds insight into ESG, inventory intensity, and tax accounting to reduce tax avoidance practices.

Pengaruh Tata Kelola Perusahaan, Pelaporan Keberlanjutan, dan Koneksi Politik terhadap Penghindaran Pajak

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of corporate governance, sustainability reporting, and political connections on tax avoidance practices. The data used in the study involves data derived from the financial statements of companies in the infrastructure sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020 to 2022. Information is obtained through the page www.idx.co.id and from the website of each company. The method applied in the research is quantitative method, using purposive sampling data collection technique. While the number of samples selected for this study was 30 observations. The research findings show that corporate governance represented by independent commissioners and audit committees, as well as sustainability reporting has a negative effect on tax avoidance.

Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, dan Umur Perusahaan Terhadap Praktik Tax Avoidance: Studi Kasus Perusahaan Sektor Energi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2020 – 2023

This research aims to investigate the influence of profitability, leverage, and company age on tax avoidance practices in energy sector companies in Indonesia that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data were analyzed using multiple regression methods on a sample of 46 financial reports from the years 2020 to 2023. The results of the analysis show that profitability does not have a significant effect on tax avoidance, while leverage also does not have a significant effect. However, company age has been proven to have a significant effect on tax avoidance. Nonetheless, these three variables have a simultaneous effect on tax avoidance. This research is relevant for improving tax policies and reducing tax avoidance practices that are detrimental to the state.

The nexus of tax avoidance and firms characteristics – does board gender diversity have a role? Evidence from an emerging economy

PurposeThis study examines the moderating role of female directors on the relationship between the firms’ characteristics and tax avoidance in an emerging economy.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the second-generation unit root test and the generalised method of moments (GMM) techniques. The Kao residual cointegration test corroborates a long-run cointegration among variables.FindingsFemale directors demonstrate mixed and unusual findings. No significant impact of female directors on tax avoidance is found. In addition, the presence of female directors does not show any negative or significant moderating impacts on the relationship between leverage, firm age, board size and tax avoidance. However, having more female directors can negatively and significantly moderate the relationship between more profitable firms, larger firms and tax avoidance. These findings show that the board of directors could use the presence of female directors to maximise their opportunistic behaviour, such as to avoid tax.Research limitations/implicationsResearch limitations – The study is limited by considering only 62 listed firms. The scope could be extended to include non-listed firms.Practical implicationsResearch implications – There is increasing pressure for female directors on boards from diverse stakeholders, such as the European Commission, national governments, politicians, employer lobby groups, shareholders, and Fortune and Financial Times Stock Exchange (FTSE) rankings. This study provides input to decision-makers putting gender quota laws into practice. Our findings can help policy-makers adopt regulatory reforms to control tax avoidance practices and enhance organisational legitimacy. Policymakers can change their policy to include female directors up to the threshold suggested by the critical mass theory.Originality/valueThis is the first attempt in Bangladesh to explore the role of female directors in the relationship between the firms' characteristics and tax avoidance. The current study has significant ramifications for bringing gender diversity into practice as a component of good corporate governance.

Determinants of Tax Avoidance in the Infrastructure Sector of State-Owned Enterprises

Research Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of capital intensity, return on assets, and firm size on tax avoidance practices. Design/methodology/approach: The data are used from the financial reporting and annual report of the infrastructure sector of state-owned enterprises listed in IDX from 2016-2022. Research Findings: The results of this study indicates that capital intensity has a positive and significant effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, return on assets and firm size has no significant effect on tax avoidance. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The company's capital intensity can reduce tax avoidance efforts in line with fulfilling stakeholder (principal) expectations regarding increasing net income. This research contributes to expanding understanding regarding determinants of tax avoidance and agency theory.

The Effect Of Political Connections, Transfer Pricing, and Firm Size On Tax Avoidance Practices

Several companies engage in tax avoidance, a strategy aimed at circumventing tax expenses. Within this study, tax avoidance is quantified through Cash ETR (Effective Tax Rate). The objective is to empirically elucidate the impact of political affiliations, transfer pricing, and company size on tax avoidance among mining firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2021. Employing a purposive sampling method, 113 samples were meticulously chosen to represent the population. Utilizing multiple linear regression analysis, the research revealed that transfer pricing significantly influences tax avoidance practices, while political connections and company size do not demonstrate such an effect.

Corporate tax avoidance and firm value: The moderating role of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings

AbstractIn this study, we examine how managers in firms that have practiced tax avoidance strategically use sustainability activities together with their tax avoidance practices. More specifically, we investigate the moderating impact of ESG on the association between tax avoidance and firm value. Using a sample of French‐listed companies during the years 2012–2021, we hypothesized and found that ESG rating negatively and significantly moderates the relationship between corporate tax avoidance and firm market valuation. Overall, our results suggest that investors reward firms for good ESG performance, perceiving such companies as more valuable. However, when these firms engage in higher tax liabilities, the positive effect of ESG on firm value is slightly reduced. This nuanced insight highlights the importance of considering how tax strategies interact with ESG initiatives in shaping overall firm value. This study, thus, provides theoretical and practical consequences that will encourage businesses and politicians to promote sustainable development. Our findings remain robust to an array of tests, including a number of different tax avoidance measures and potential endogeneity problems.

Penghindaran Penghindaran Pajak, Leverage dan Nilai Perusahaan: Dimoderasi oleh Transparansi

The objective of this research is to acquire empirical evidence regarding the impact of transparency on the relationship between tax avoidance and leverage in relation to a firm's value. Firm value is pivotal as it mirrors a company's performance, thereby influencing investors' perceptions. This study adopts a quantitative approach, utilizing EViews as an analytical tool to test a hypothetical model. The research specifically examines manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period from 2020 to 2022. A purposive sampling technique was employed, yielding a sample size of 93 companies out of a population of 243. The empirical findings of this study indicate that tax avoidance practices can influence a company's value, whereas leverage does not. Additionally, transparency does not enhance the relationship between tax avoidance and leverage concerning firm value.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tax Avoidance pada Perusahaan Pertambangan BEI 2020-2022

This research aims to determine the factors that influence tax avoidance, as a result of the many tax avoidance practices. Factors that influence tax avoidance are debt equity ratio, return on asset, and return on equity. This research uses quantitative research methods, with the population being mining companies listed on the BEI in 2020-2022. The total sample was 28 companies using the purposive sampling method. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with the E-views version 12 program. The results of the research show that only the debt equity ratio variable has an effect on tax avoidance, while return on asset and return on capital used have no effect on tax avoidance in mining companies listed on the IDX for the 2020-2022 period.

The Tax Avoidance Practice of Indonesian Mining Companies

The mining sector in Indonesia is one of the most significant contributors to state revenue through taxation. The mining industry contributed 33.431 trillion in the first semester of 2019. Although the amount seems significant, it would be bigger if mining companies did not avoid paying taxes. This research aims to analyze the role of institutional ownership in moderating the influence of profitability, thin capitalization, and inventory intensity on tax avoidance. This research uses MRA to analyze data on mining companies listed on the IDX from 2018 -2022. Data was collected from the population using purposive sampling to produce 60 samples. The research results show that profitability and thin capitalization variables impact tax avoidance, while inventory intensity differs. Institutional ownership moderates the impact of low profitability and thin capitalization on tax avoidance. However, there is no proof that this lessens the effect of inventory intensity on tax avoidance. By choosing a group of variables that affect tax avoidance, this study fills a knowledge gap in the influence of institutional ownership as a moderating variable. Future research can replicate this research by expanding the industry that is the object of research, extending the period, and using different analysis tools.

Determinan Praktik Tax avoidance pada Perusahaan Sektor Consumer non-cyclicals yang Terdaftar di BEI

Taxes are commitments that must be paid so that the government can continue to implement national development planning without causing a direct imbalance for taxpayers. Taxes have two different points of view. From the company’s perspective as a taxpayer, taxes are considered a burden that will reduce net profit. This study is motivated by the decline in tax revenues from the processing industry, losses both globally and in Indonesia due to tax avoidance practices, as well as the phenomenon of companies engaging in tax avoidance. This study analyses the effect of institutional ownership, Capital intensity, and Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure on tax avoidance. This study used a quantitative method with secondary data from financial, annual, and sustainability reports of non-cyclical consumer sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2018-2022 periods. Sampling was carried out using a simple random sampling method with a total sample of 288 company data points. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, logistic regression analysis, and hypothesis testing with the help of SPSS 26 software. The results of this study show that institutional ownership and Capital intensity do not affect tax avoidance, while Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure affects tax avoidance.