Tax Accounting Research Articles

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT TAX ACCOUNTING IN UZBEKISTAN AND THE BASICS OF IMPROVEMENT

The article analyzes the theoretical and practical basis of the specific features and improvement of direct and indirect tax accounting in Uzbekistan, studies the electronic software procedures for calculating and collecting taxes based on the digital economy, and defines the role and tasks of tax accounting. Conclusions and suggestions for the study are given.

Analysis of School Financial Management in the Context of Tax Accounting: A Case Study at SMP Negeri 3 Hilisalawa'ahe

Schools as educational units manage their finances independently and are bound by tax obligations. Therefore, knowledge of tax accounting is very important in planning and implementing school activities and budgets. School principals, treasurers and BOS teams must understand tax regulations related to school revenues and expenditures; such as income tax (PPh), value-added tax (VAT) and local tax. With the above premise, the author is interested in conducting research on School Financial Management in the Context of Tax Accounting: Case Study at SMP Negeri 3 Hilisalawa'ahe. The purpose of this study is to describe financial management at SMP Negeri 3 Hilisalawa'ahe, analyze the suitability of its management for tax accounting provisions, identify the obstacles faced by the financial management team of SMP Negeri 3 Hilisalawa'ahe and formulate solutions to overcome these obstacles. This research uses a qualitative approach, which is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of speech or writing and observable behavior of the person (subject) itself. The data collection methods used are observation, interviews, and document review with the object of research is the financial management of SMP Negeri 3 Hilisalawa'ahe. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the Financial Management and Reporting of SMP Negeri 3 Hilisalawa'ahe is in accordance with the general provisions and procedures of taxation and there are no obstacles faced in the financial management of SMP Negeri 3 Hilisalawa'ahe because the management team is in accordance with the professional field and understands tax regulations. Translated with DeepL.com (free version).

Digitalization and business model change in small professional service firms: evidence from tax accountants

ABSTRACT Digitalisation offers many business opportunities for professional service firms (PSFs) in general and for tax consulting in particular. Digitalisation is changing the cost structures of PSFs, which affects the scope and scale of PSFs and their service offering. Scope, scale and offered services are part of a business model. Given the increasing importance of PSFs to an economy, it is unfortunate that evidence is lacking on whether and how digitalisation is changing PSFs’ business models. This study provides insights into how tax accountants, as a subgroup of PSFs, are changing their business model in the wake of digitalisation. Tax professionals can respond reactively or proactively to digitisation, either meeting client needs or actively engaging with new technologies. However, smaller accounting firms may face challenges due to resource constraints and lack of expertise, which could be addressed through collaboration, alongside considerations of data security and regulatory compliance.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ АУДИТУ ДОХОДІВ, ВИТРАТ І ФІНАНСОВИХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ВІТЧИЗНЯНОГО СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The article is devoted to the study of the audit of income, expenses, and financial results of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine during the martial law. The main problems of the domestic agricultural industry, caused by the specifics of the industry, are identified: deterioration of economic conditions, economic difficulties, competition problems, infrastructural limitations, personnel problems, difficulty in obtaining permits and certification, limited access to modern technologies. It is substantiated that the problems of the organization of accounting and management of agricultural enterprises are represented by insufficient automation of accounting and control processes, insufficient investment attractiveness of these enterprises in reporting, the complexity of accounting for supply processes, production and formation of costs, the complexity of obtaining loans, the complexity of tax accounting. The identified problems of the functioning of domestic enterprises in the conditions of martial law: the threat of security for workers and resources, the complication and increase in the price of the supply and implementation process, the loss of qualified labor, economic difficulties, the instability of legislation, the cancellation of benefits. It was established that the state of war in Ukraine causes additional problems for auditing: changes in the conditions of audit activity and audit risks, the complication of forecasting and assessment of financial results, the need to assess the impact on financial reporting of changes in accounting policies and management strategies, the need for additional audit procedures to determine and settlement of new risks. The work analyzes the peculiarities of the audit process of financial reporting of an agricultural enterprise, its income, expenses, and results of activity. The study showed that the main factor influencing the quality of the audit is the use of effective audit procedures. The work presents directions for optimizing the audit due to its digitalization, identifies problems that may arise, and suggests ways to solve them.

Практическое отражение в бухгалтерском учете операций, облагаемых по нулевой ставке налога на добавленную стоимость: влияние внедрения раздельного учета на бухгалтерскую отчетность организации

The article discusses the specifics of applying the zero value-added tax rate, taking into account the changes that occurred in 2024 in the order of its application in the implementation of relevant operations. In the paper, the author substantiates that if earlier the 0% rate was primarily an "export" rate, now the list of activities subject to taxation at this preferential rate is increasing. Consequently, the number of organizations that will have to implement accounting methods based on the requirements of regulatory tax authorities is also increasing, which will have a significant impact on the established accounting and tax accounting procedures within the company.

Enhancing cybersecurity protocols in tax accounting practices: Strategies for protecting taxpayer information

This paper highlights the importance of enhancing cybersecurity measures in tax accounting to protect taxpayer data. It proposes strategies to ensure compliance and enhance data security in the context of evolving cyber threats. This study investigated the cybersecurity landscape within the tax accounting sector, focusing on prevalent threats, the effectiveness of existing security measures, and areas for improvement. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research combined qualitative interviews with cybersecurity experts and tax accounting professionals, quantitative surveys of 200 tax accounting firms, and detailed case studies of firms that experienced significant cyberattacks. The findings reveal that phishing attacks, ransomware, data breaches, malware, and insider threats are the most common cybersecurity challenges faced by tax accounting practices. While measures such as encryption, multi-factor authentication (MFA), firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), regular security audits, and comprehensive employee training prove effective, their inconsistent implementation across the industry highlighted the need for standardized protocols. The study identified significant gaps in resource allocation, particularly for smaller firms and non-profits, and underscores the necessity for formal incident response plans. Recommendations include enhanced training programs, development of standardized security protocols, resource support for smaller firms, regular security audits, comprehensive incident response plans, and adoption of advanced technologies. The study calls for further exploration of emerging threats, cost-effective solutions for smaller firms, the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), longitudinal studies on cybersecurity practices, and analysis of policy and regulatory impacts. These insights aim to enhance the cybersecurity posture of tax accounting practices, ensuring the protection of sensitive taxpayer information and overall industry resilience.

Challenges and Strategies Faced by Enterprise Financial Management under the Background of Tax Automation

This study explores the challenges and opportunities brought by tax automation to corporate financial management in America. In terms of challenges, the article points out the complexity and variability of tax regulations, the stability and security requirements of tax information systems, and the need to enhance professional competence in tax accounting. In terms of opportunities, tax automation has significantly improved financial work efficiency, reduced compliance risks, promoted the rationality of tax planning, and enhanced the market competitiveness and risk resistance of enterprises. To address these challenges and fully utilize opportunities, the article proposes a series of measures, including deepening the study of tax regulations, automating salary and tax processes, dynamically monitoring financial and tax policies, optimizing salary and tax planning, and utilizing big data technology for in-depth financial analysis to promote the optimization and upgrading of enterprise financial management.

Pillar Two and BEFIT: Shocks and Opportunities for the EU Internal Market

The OECD BEPS Project has had a profound influence on EU tax policy. It is increasingly shaping the internal market and national corporate tax law. Following implementation of the Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive (2016/1164) and the Minimum Taxation Directive (2022/2523) (both stemming from the OECD’s Pillar Two set of rules), the European Commission recently brought forward, inter alia, the Proposal for a BEFIT Directive. Against the background of the harmonization competences granted to the Union in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (2007), this article highlights Pillar Two, as well as the BEFIT proposal, and provides an outlook on tax accounting in general.

Analisis Penerapan Akuntansi Perpajakan pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Ikamala Larantuka

This research aims to determine the application of tax accounting at the Ikamala Larantuka Cooperative. This research uses a qualitative method with a qualitative descriptive and quantitative descriptive approach. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique, namely qualitative data analysis, begins with the data reduction stage, data presentation and drawing conclusions and verification as well as analyzing financial report data with fiscal reconciliation in accordance with tax regulations and legislation. The research results show that the Ikamala Larantuka cooperative has implemented tax accounting, but several errors were still found in paying income tax (PPh) which was not in accordance with Minister of Finance Regulation No. 242/PMK.03/2014 concerning procedures for paying and remitting taxes and the financial reports presented by cooperatives are not in accordance with applicable tax laws and regulations due to differences in calculations in commercial financial reports and fiscal financial reports where there are differences in recognition of income and costs according to Income Tax Law Regulation Number 36 of 2008.

Contemporary tax administration and revenue generation by Board of Internal Revenue Services: A Study of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Contemporary strategies of collecting revenue through taxation are what Board of Inland Revenue (BIR) Services need in Nigeria. Such strategies are rooted in the enabling tax laws as amended. This study is an examination of tax administration and revenue generation, based on the activities of the board of the Internal Revenue Service in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study appraised five specific variables of tax administration as they impact revenue generation in the State. The survey method which involves the use of questionnaires was applied to collect data for the study. Also, data were derived through the review of relevant literature and from the report of the Auditor General of Akwa Ibom State on the Board of Internal Revenue. The population of the study consisted of 450 staff of the Akwa Ibom Board of Internal Revenue Service, while the sample size adopted for the study was 399 staff using the Taro Yamane formula. A regression analysis was employed to analyze the data at 0.5 level of significance. The study found that tax assessment/collection, tax enforcement, tax collection accounting, tax audit and tax education/awareness do have a significant impact on revenue generation by the board of Internal Revenue Service in Akwa Ibom State. From the findings, it was concluded that contemporary tax administration significantly impacts revenue generation in Akwa Ibom State. It was recommended that tax accountability should be utmost, and the Akwa Ibom State Government should build the capacity of its citizens through behavioural change and industrialization to generate tax income, where the accountability process will engender revenue generation.

Pelatihan Akuntansi Perpajakan Mitra Industri Properti

This community service activity focuses on strengthening the understanding and application of tax accounting in the property industry, essential for improving tax compliance and efficiency. The targets of this activity include industry partners in the property sector located in Surabaya and Batu, East Java, as well as students involved in developing their practical skills. This activity aims to strengthen the skills of industry partners in tax calculation and reporting and develop solutions that can be integrated into their tax accounting practices. The methods used include observation to identify challenges and needs of industry partners, theoretical and practical training on tax calculation, and evaluation of activity results through questionnaires. The evaluation results showed a significant increase in the knowledge and skills of industry partners related to tax accounting. The evaluation also identified the need to integrate tax planning into management and develop more efficient tax accounting applications.

Analysis of Teaching Practice of Tax Accounting in Colleges and Universities Under the New Tax Reform

With the advancement of global economic integration and the continuous reform of tax system, tax accounting as an important branch of accounting field, its status and role are increasingly prominent. In recent years, the tax reform in our country has intensified, and the tax laws and regulations have been continuously improved, which puts forward new requirements for the training of tax accounting talents. With the continuous reform and improvement of China s tax system, tax accounting, as an important course of accounting major in colleges and universities, needs to keep pace with The Times in its teaching content and practice. Through the in-depth analysis of the teaching practice of tax accounting in colleges and universities under the new policy of tax reform, this paper aims to provide useful enlightenment and suggestions for the teaching of tax accounting in colleges and universities.

Depreciation premium by medical companies in tax accounting as method of optimizing corporate income tax

Depreciation bonus — the possibility of a one-time reflection of up to 30% (or 10%) of capital expenditures in tax accounting, is an effective tool of tax policy, allowing the company to postpone the payment of tax to a later period, thereby stimulating it to update fixed assets. At the same time, it is important to know all the features of the reflection of this premium in tax accounting in order to avoid sanctions for violation of tax legislation. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to analyze the specifics and identify the features of recording a depreciation premium in tax accounting, as well as to present practical recommendations for optimizing income tax in medical organizations by applying a depreciation premium. The article discusses the specifics of calculating the amount of the depreciation premium and the conditions for its application by medical companies, reflects the conditions for its application, as well as the specifics of drawing up a tax policy in this area of taxation. Practical situations regarding the application and calculation of the amount of the depreciation premium, as well as a comparison of the amount of tax payments when applying this right and waiving it are given. Conclusions are drawn from the results of the study.

Procedure for coordination of legislative norms of financial and tax law within the framework of public law regulation

The article explores the peculiarities of harmonizing legislative norms of financial and tax law within the framework of public legal regulation. It is established that the norms of financial and tax law shape the rules for managing the financial system and taxation, contributing to a balance between the state’s needs for financial resources and the preservation of economic stability for citizens and businesses. The demarcation of norms of financial and tax law by the subject of regulation is characterized, emphasizing the common method of legal regulation. It is determined that the norms of financial law regulate budgeting, financial planning, state debt, financial accounting, financial stability, and additional sources of funding. Norms of tax law cover tax rates, tax incentives, tax accounting and reporting, and combating tax evasion. It is noted that due to the common features and subject of legal regulation, conflicts arise between the norms of financial and tax law. It is established that the public legal regulation of conflicts between the norms of financial and tax law involves a systematic and organized process aimed at harmonizing legislative norms and resolving conflicts through the activities of the executive authorities of Ukraine. The competencies of central executive authorities that contribute to the harmonization of norms of financial and tax law are characterized. It is determined that the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Finance, the State Tax Service, the Ministry of Justice, and the National Bank of Ukraine play a key role in resolving conflicts and coordinating strategies in the financial and tax sectors. It is noted that central executive authorities coordinate and cooperate for systematic conflict management and the achievement of harmony in financial and tax legislation. The efficiency of harmonizing norms of financial and tax law is ensured by creating an Interdepartmental Committee, conducting consultations and discussions, as well as adopting and implementing harmonized subordinate legislative acts. Attention is drawn to the fact that the effectiveness of harmonizing norms of financial and tax law is determined by the efficiency of the procedure for developing harmonized subordinate legislative acts conducted by central executive authorities.

The effect of ESG, inventory intensity and managerial ownership on tax avoidance

This study aims to determine the influence of ESG (Environment, Social, And Governance), Inventory Intesity, and Managerial Ownership on Tax Avoidance. Tax Avoidance is a dependent variable and ESG (Environment, Social, And Governance), Inventory Intesity and Managerial Ownership are independent variables This type of research is carried out using a quantitative method and the sampling technique is purposive sampling. The population in this study is all companies listed on the Kompas100 stock index and the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018-2022 period. The number of companies used as a research sample is 10 companies. The analysis method uses multiple regression analysis, T test and F test using Eviews 12. The results showed that the influence of ESG (Environment, Social, And Governance) had no effect on Tax Avoidance, Inventory Intesity had an effect on Tax Avoidance and Managerial Ownership had an effect on Tax Avoidance. Meanwhile, ESG (Environment, Social, And Governance), Inventory Intesity, and Managerial Ownership have a simultaneous effect on Tax Avoidance. This research is useful in providing this information to help the Directorate General of Taxes increase corporate income tax collection by companies, as well as direct company policies to comply with tax laws and avoid irregularities. For the authors, this information adds insight into ESG, inventory intensity, and tax accounting to reduce tax avoidance practices.

Перспективы развития системы уплаты налогов посредством единого налогового счета и единого фискального счета в России

The general and specific features of a single tax account, a single tax payment, and advance customs payments are considered. The legal relations arising when using a single tax account and advance customs payment are analyzed. A conclusion is made about the feasibility of introducing a single fiscal account.

PELATIHAN PERPAJAKAN BREVET A&B BAGI ATLET (STUDI PADA ATLET GANTOLE PARALAYANG INDONESIA (PEPI) KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT)

Sportmen or athletes who receive or obtain income in connection with their participation in a competition or championship activity are obliged to carry out their tax obligations. Because athletes are included as individual tax subjects who receive income with deductions from Income Tax Article 21 and/or Article 26. Therefore, knowledge and technical skills are needed to carry out tax obligations properly and correctly. This activity was carried out as an embodiment of the Bandung Accounting Academy (A2B) in carrying out community service in accordance with the study program, namely tax accounting. The activity was entitled Tax Provision and Tax Training for Indonesian Paragliding athletes in West Bandung Regency. Organizing training, covering topics related to the field of taxation, as well as increasing the professional capabilities and competencies of HR in the scope of tax accounting for activity participants. Technically, this activity went according to target; all participants underwent the implementation process until completion, were declared to have passed, and were given a brevet A&B competency certificate.

Value Added Tax (VAT) Accounting Treatment at Gold Shops and Fiscal Financial Statements Its Impact on Gold Shops Asli Jaya Asli Setia Cakranegara Timur

Value Added Tax (VAT) Accounting Treatment at Gold Shops and Fiscal Financial Statements Its Impact on Gold Shops Asli Jaya Asli Setia Cakranegara Timur

Theoretical and methodological aspects of tax analysis for the company

Tax committees routinely scrutinize the accrued tax payments, assessing their dynamics through data extracted from tax registers, financial and tax reports. This analysis unveils various reasons for non-payment of tax liabilities and pinpoints factors influencing the formation of the tax base. Adhering to the provisions of the Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan is crucial for accurately determining the tax base for each type of tax. The analytical process unfolds in stages throughout the reporting year, enabling the tracking of tax liabilities’ dynamics, identification of unpaid amounts, monitoring changes in tax policy, and evaluating the impact of tax changes on the overall tax burden. In addition, it should be noted that all the work of analysts is aimed at preventing tax offences. As sources of analysis we recommend using primary accounting data, tax accounting data in the form of tax registers, financial and tax reporting. A tax analysis is necessary in order to answer the question of how much the company pays taxes to the budget. Based on the tax analysis data, each manager independently determines the optimal tax burden and, depending on this, takes measures for tax planning. Based on the results of the tax analysis, it is possible to determine which taxes are repaid on time, and, if necessary, develop specific measures to reduce the tax burden. Given the evolving landscape of the digital economy in Kazakhstan, the relevance of studying tax analysis becomes imperative. The article comprehensively explores the essence, purpose, and objectives of enterprise tax analysis, delves into the information support necessary for tax analysis, and proposes a systematic approach to indicators for effective tax analysis.

Innovative approaches to optimizing taxation in organizations

In conditions of rapid progress in technology and constant changes in tax legislation, the task of optimizing the taxation in organizations is becoming increasingly difficult for business entities. The use of innovative approaches in the process allows to increase efficiency and reduce tax expenses. In addition, innovative methods and technologies implementation can reduce time for tax optimization, simplify tax reporting monitoring and analysis, and improve decisions quality. The purpose of the study is to find innovative approaches to optimize taxation in organizations. The following tasks have been set: to classify the types of tax risks; to assess tax risks on the basis of determining the tax burden of organizations; to form innovative approaches to optimize taxation in organizations. As a result of the conducted research on the example of Technoprom the organizations are offered to determine the tax burden and forecast its dynamics in the future, as well as to apply innovative approaches to optimize taxation on the basis of artificial intelligence through the use of methods of automating tax accounting and reporting and blockchain technology. System approach, analysis and synthesis, as well as the method of expert evaluations method have been applied as the research methods.