Taurine Upregulated Gene 1 Research Articles

The Clinical Significance of Long Non-Coding RNA (Taurine Up-Regulated Gene1) in Hepatitis C Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients.

The Clinical Significance of Long Non-Coding RNA (Taurine Up-Regulated Gene1) in Hepatitis C Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients.

Clinical relevance of long non-coding RNA in acute myeloid leukemia: A systematic review with meta-analysis

BackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may function as prognostic biomarkers in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However, it is still unknown exactly how significant lncRNAs are for the prognosis of AML. With a focus on their prognostic and therapeutic potential, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the role of lncRNAs in AML. MethodPub Med, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Science Direct, Web of science, Scopus, and Google scholar were searched until November, 2023. Original publications of any type exploring the prognostic and therapeutic potential of lncRNAs in AML patients were included. Heterogeneity and publication bias were examined using the I2 test and a funnel plot, respectively. To quantify the relationship between various lncRNA expression in AML patient survival, odds ratios (ORs) or hazards ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled. Quality of studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Checklists for Studies created by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). ResultsTwenty-seven studies including 5665 subjects were selected for the final analysis. In patients with AML, abnormal lncRNA expression has been associated with significant worse overall survival (pooled HR = 2.05, 95 % CI = 1.79–2.30, P <0.001), shorter disease-free survival (pooled HR = 2.17, 95 % CI = 1.13–3.22, P< 0.001), and lower complete remission rate (pooled HR = 0.27, 95 % CI = 0.11–0.43, P< 0.001). Poor prognoses have been attributed to increased expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), Promoter Of CDKN1A Antisense DNA Damage Activated RNA (PANDAR), Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1), RP11–222K16.2, Taurine Upregulated Gene 1 (TUG1), Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 5 (SNHG5), Growth Arrest Specific 5 (GAS5), and H19 and decreased expression of IGF1R Antisense Imprinted Non-Protein Coding RNA (IRAIN). ConclusionThe prognoses of AML patients are significantly associated with abnormally expressed lncRNAs, which may be used as prognostic indicators for predicting the patient outcomes.

LncRNA TUG1 transcript levels and psychological disorders: insights into interplay of glycemic index and glycemic load

BackgroundThere is an association between obesity and psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Environmental factors and genetics play a crucial role in this regard. Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathophysiology of the nervous system. Additionally, we intend to investigate how dietary glycemic index and load relate to psychological disorders in women with obesity and overweight by identifying the possible interaction with metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1).Methods267 overweight or obese women between the ages of 18 and 48 were recruited for the current study. A reliable and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 147 items assessed food consumption, glycemic load (GL), and glycemic index (GI). Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scales (DASS-21) were used to assess mental well-being. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess transcript levels for lncRNAs MALAT1 and TUG1.ResultsIn obese and overweight women, a positive correlation was found between anxiety and MALAT1 mRNA levels (P = 0.007, CC = 0.178). Age, energy intake, physical activity, total fat, income, marriage, thyroid, and BMI were adjusted, and GI and TUG1 were positively correlated on DASS-21 (β = 0.006, CI = 0.001, 0.01, P = 0.031), depression (β = 0.002, CI = 0.001, 0.004, P = 0.019), Stress (β = 0.003, CI = 0.001, 0.005, P = 0.027). The interaction of GL and TUG1 on stress was also observed (β = 0.03, CI = 0.001, 0.07, P = 0.048).ConclusionsThe lncRNA TUG1 appears to be associated with depression and stress through interaction with GI and correlated with stress by interaction with GL. To establish this concept, further research is required.

METTL14-Mediated m6A Modification of TUG1 Represses Ferroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease via Inhibiting GDF15 Ubiquitination.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that remains a serious global health issue. Ferroptosis has been recognized as a vital driver of pathological progression of AD. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis during AD progression remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the regulatory role and mechanism of methyltransferase like 14 (METTL14) in ferroptosis in AD models. Serum samples were collected from 18 AD patients and 18 healthy volunteers to evaluate clinical correlation. Scopolamine-treated mice and Aβ1-42-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells were served as the in vivo and in vitro models of AD. Ferroptosis was detected by reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe2+, total iron levels, and ferroptosis-related proteins glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11). Cell viability was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification was detected by RNA methylation quantification kit and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (MeRIP-qPCR). Molecular mechanisms were investigated by RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. Cognitive disorder of AD mice was measured by Morris water maze test. METTL14 was down-regulated, while lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) was up-regulated in clinical patients and experimental models of AD. Functional experiments demonstrated that METTL14 overexpression or TUG1 silencing effectively attenuated Aβ1-42-induced ferroptosis and neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Mechanistically, METTL14-mediated m6A modification reduced the stability of TUG1. Moreover, TUG1 promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) by directly interacted with Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (SMURF1), which consequently inactivated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Rescue experiments indicated that GDF15 depletion reversed sh-TUG1-mediated protection against ferroptosis and neurotoxicity. Finally, Mettl14 overexpression repressed ferroptosis to ameliorate the cognitive disorder via modulating Tug1/Gdf15/Nrf2 pathway in vivo. METTL14 inhibited ferroptosis to ameliorate AD pathological development by m6A modification of TUG1 to activate GDF15/NRF2 axis, providing a novel therapeutic target for AD.

Androgen receptor deficiency-induced TUG1 in suppressing ferroptosis to promote benign prostatic hyperplasia through the miR-188-3p/GPX4 signal pathway

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), characterized by the non-malignant enlargement of the prostate, exhibits a pronounced association with inflammation resulting from androgen receptor (AR) deficiency. Ferroptosis, a cell death mechanism triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and closely linked to inflammation, has yet to be fully understood in the context of BPH. Using RNA sequencing, we observed a significant elevation of taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in BPH tissues compared to normal prostate tissue. High levels of TUG1 exhibited a discernible correlation with both prostate volume and the extent of inflammatory infiltration in BPH patients. The suppression of TUG1 not only led to a reduction in prostate size but also ameliorated AR-deficiency-induced prostatic hyperplasia. Mechanistically, a decrease in AR in prostate luminal cells prompted macrophage aggregation and the release of IL-1β, subsequently fostering the transcription of TUG1 via MYC. Induced TUG1, through competitive binding with miR-188-3p, facilitated the expression of GPX4, thereby diminishing intracellular ROS levels and impeding ferroptosis in prostate luminal cells. Notably, the ferroptosis inducer JKE-1674 alleviated inflammation-induced prostatic hyperplasia in vivo. Together, these findings suggest that AR deficiency crucially inhibits ferroptosis, promoting BPH via the TUG1/miR-188-3p/GPX4 signaling axis, and making ferroptosis induction a promising therapeutic strategy for BPH patients with AR deficiency.

M6A-mediated upregulation of lncRNA TUG1 in liver cancer cells regulates the antitumor response of CD8+ T cells and phagocytosis of macrophages.

Tumor immune evasion relies on the crosstalk between tumor cells and adaptive/innate immune cells. Immune checkpoints play critical roles in the crosstalk, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved promising clinical effects. The long non-coding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, how TUG1 is upregulated and the effects on tumor immune evasion are incompletely understood. Here, METTL3-mediated m6A modification led to TUG1 upregulation is demonstrated. Knockdown of TUG1 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, increased the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and M1-like macrophages in tumors, promoted the activation of CD8+ T cells through PD-L1, and improved the phagocytosis of macrophages through CD47. Mechanistically, TUG1 regulated PD-L1 and CD47 expressions by acting as a sponge of miR-141 and miR-340, respectively. Meanwhile, TUG1 interacted with YBX1 to facilitate the upregulation of PD-L1 and CD47 transcriptionally, which ultimately regulated tumor immune evasion. Clinically, TUG1 positively correlated with PD-L1 and CD47 in HCC tissues. Moreover, the combination of Tug1-siRNA therapy with a Pdl1 antibody effectively suppressed tumor growth. Therefore, the mechanism of TUG1 in regulating tumor immune evasion is revealed and can inform existing strategies targeting TUG1 for enhancing HCC immune therapy and drug development.

Long non-coding RNAs in biomarking COVID-19: a machine learning-based approach

BackgroundThe coronavirus pandemic that started in 2019 has caused the highest mortality and morbidity rates worldwide. Data on the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is scarce. We aimed to elucidate the relationship of three important lncRNAs in the inflammatory states, H19, taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1), and colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) with key factors in inflammation and fibrosis induction including signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3), alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in COVID-19 patients with moderate to severe symptoms.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from 28 COVID-19 patients and 17 healthy controls were collected. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of RNAs and lncRNAs. Western blotting analysis was also performed to determine the expression levels of STAT3 and α-SMA proteins. Machine learning and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were carried out to evaluate the distinguishing ability of lncRNAs.ResultsThe expression levels of H19, TUG1, and CRNDE were significantly overexpressed in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, STAT3 and α-SMA expression levels were remarkedly increased at both transcript and protein levels in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy subjects and were correlated with Three lncRNAs. Likewise, IL-6 and TNF-α were considerably upregulated in COVID-19 patients. Machine learning and ROC curve analysis showed that CRNDE-H19 panel has the proper ability to distinguish COVID-19 patients from healthy individuals (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.86).ConclusionThe overexpression of three lncRNAs in COVID-19 patients observed in this study may align with significant manifestations of COVID-19. Furthermore, their co-expression with STAT3 and α-SMA, two critical factors implicated in inflammation and fibrosis induction, underscores their potential involvement in exacerbating cardiovascular, pulmonary and common symptoms and complications associated with COVID-19. The combination of CRNDE and H19 lncRNAs seems to be an impressive host-based biomarker panel for screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 patients from healthy controls. Research into lncRNAs can provide a robust platform to find new viral infection-related mediators and propose novel therapeutic strategies for viral infections and immune disorders.

Alleviation of Angiotensin II-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury Through Long Non-coding RNA TUG1 Inhibition.

Hypertension damages endothelial cells, causing vascular remodelling. It is caused by Ang II-induced endothelial cell (EC) destruction. The long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) are emerging regulators of endothelium homeostasis. Injured endothelium expresses lncRNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1), which may mediate endothelial cell damage, proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy and contribute to cardiovascular disease. However, uncertainty surrounds the function of lncRNA TUG1, on arterial endothelium cell damage. This research aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of lncRNA TUG1 in vascular endothelial cell injury. A microarray analysis of lncRNA human gene expression was used to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures. The viability, apoptosis, and migration of Ang II-treated HUVECs were then evaluated. In order to investigate the role of lncRNA TUG1 in hypertension, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and RNA-FISH were used to examine the expression of TUG1 in SHR mice. Ang II-activated HUVECs and SHR rats' abdominal aortas highly express the lncRNA TUG1. LncRNA TUG1 knockdown in HUVECs could increase cell viability, reduce apoptosis, and produce inflammatory factors. In SHR rat abdominal aortas, lncRNA TUG1 knockdown promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. HE spotting showed that lncRNA TUG1 knockdown improved SHR rats' abdominal aorta shape. lncRNA TUG1 knockdown promotes miR-9- 5p, which inhibits CXCR4 following transcription. The lncRNA TUG1/miR-9-5p/CXCR4 axis and vascular cell injury were also examined. MiR-9-5p silencing or CXCR4 overexpression lowered cell survival, apoptosis, and lncRNA TUG1-induced IL-6 and NO expression. lncRNA TUG1 suppression could reduce Ang II-induced endothelial cell damage by regulating and targeting miR-9-5p to limit CXCR4 expression and open new vascular disease research pathways.

LncRNA TUG1 mediates microglial inflammatory activation by regulating glucose metabolic reprogramming

Microglia are natural immune cells in the central nervous system, and the activation of microglia is accompanied by a reprogramming of glucose metabolism. In our study, we investigated the role of long non-coding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in regulating microglial glucose metabolism reprogramming and activation. BV2 cells were treated with Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to establish a microglial activation model. The glycolysis inhibitor 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) was used as a control. The expression levels of TUG1 mRNA and proinflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin -6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α mRNA and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, Arginase 1(Arg1), CD206, and Ym1 were detected by RT-qPCR. TUG1 was silenced using TUG1 siRNA and knocked out using CRISPR/Cas9. The mRNA and protein expression levels of key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, such as Hexokinase2, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Lactate dehydrogenase, Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, and Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The glycolytic rate of microglial cells was measured using Seahorse. Differential metabolites were determined by metabolomics, and pathway enrichment was performed using these differential metabolites. Our findings revealed that the expression of TUG1 was elevated in proinflammatory-activated microglia and positively correlated with the levels of inflammatory factors. The expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4, Arg1, CD206, and Ym1 were decreased when induced with LPS/IFN-γ. However, this decrease was reversed by the treatment with 2-DG. Silencing of GAPDH led to an increase in the expression of TUG1 and inflammatory factors. TUG1 knockout (TUG1KO) inhibited the expression of glycolytic key enzymes and promoted the expression of oxidative phosphorylation key enzymes, shifting the metabolic profile of activated microglia from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, TUG1KO reduced the accumulation of metabolites, facilitating the restoration of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and enhancing oxidative phosphorylation in microglia. Furthermore, the downregulation of TUG1 was found to reduce the expression of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines under normal conditions. Interestingly, when induced with LPS/IFN-γ, TUG1 downregulation showed a potentially beneficial effect on microglia in terms of inflammation. Downregulation of TUG1 expression inhibits glycolysis and facilitates the shift of microglial glucose metabolism from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, promoting their transformation towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype and exerting anti-inflammatory effects in BV2.

Long noncoding RNA TUG1 promotes cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer via upregulation of DNA polymerase eta.

Chemoresistance is a major cause of high mortality and poor survival in patients with ovarian cancer (OVCA). Understanding the mechanisms of chemoresistance is urgently required to develop effective therapeutic approaches to OVCA. Here, we show that expression of the long noncoding RNA, taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1), is markedly upregulated in samples from OVCA patients who developed resistance to primary platinum-based therapy. Depletion of TUG1 increased sensitivity to cisplatin in the OVCA cell lines, SKOV3 and KURAMOCHI. Combination therapy of cisplatin with antisense oligonucleotides targeting TUG1 coupled with a drug delivery system effectively relieved the tumor burden in xenograft mouse models. Mechanistically, TUG1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA by downregulating miR-4687-3p and miR-6088, both of which target DNA polymerase eta (POLH), an enzyme required for translesion DNA synthesis. Overexpression of POLH reversed the effect of TUG1 depletion on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that TUG1 upregulation allows OVCA to tolerate DNA damage via upregulation of POLH; this provides a strong rationale for targeting TUG1 to overcome cisplatin resistance in OVCA.

Abstract 5613: Study of long non-coding RNA TUG1 kinetics under replication stress conditions in cancer cell

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins. In contrast to protein-coding mRNAs, certain lncRNAs carry out their functions within the nucleus. A detailed elucidation of the kinetics of lncRNAs contributes to a comprehensive understanding of their bona fide biological characteristics. Consequently, advancements in the in vivo visualization of lncRNAs have continued. Currently, various techniques, including RNA imaging technologies, have been employed to facilitate real-time tracking and visualization of RNA molecules within living cells. Taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is an oncogenic lncRNA, playing a pivotal role in cancer cells by resolving R-loops formed at stalled replication forks, particularly under replication stress conditions such as Hydroxyurea (HU) treatment. Despite its significance, the dynamic regulation of TUG1 under replication stress conditions remains largely unknown. In this study, we developed a stem loop-based live imaging system enabling real-time visualization of TUG1, providing insights into its subcellular localization and dynamic roles in physiological contexts. Upon treatment with HU, a chemical that interferes with replication, TUG1 expression was rapidly upregulated in the nucleus within 20 minutes. Additionally, we observed TUG1 molecules relocating close to the nuclear membrane. Considering the reported relocation of collapsed forks to the nuclear pore complex, this suggests that TUG1 may be involved in this relocation structure. These data indicate that TUG1 is associated with the fork restore mechanism occurring at the relocated collapsed forks, and the current live-cell imaging system holds potential for further uncovering the critical roles of TUG1 in cancer cells. Our stem loop-based imaging may contribute to a more precise understanding of RNA dynamics in live cells. Citation Format: Tomoya Fujita, Miho Suzuki, Osamu Masui, Keiko Shinjo, Yutaka Kondo. Study of long non-coding RNA TUG1 kinetics under replication stress conditions in cancer cell [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5613.

Abstract 2988: TUG1 exosomal lncRNA sponges let-7 miRNA family members and advances prostate cancer

Abstract Exosomal long-non coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in cancer progression and have potential prognostic biomarker potential in several cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). Taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is an oncogenic lncRNA overexpressed in PCa. This exosomal lncRNA has been reported to promote PCa migration, invasion and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). However, TUG1 PCa prognostic mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to profile differentially expressed lncRNAs in PCa high-grade tumor cells (PC-3) cells compared to low-grade PCa tumor cells (LNCaP). This was achieved by using a 384-well plate of PCa lncRNA gene panel. A human lncRNA database, LncSEA and other bioinformatics tools were used for annotation and enrichment analysis. RT-qPCR was used to confirm the gene array data. Up or down-regulation of ±2 and p &amp;lt;0.05 were considered significant. Forty two (42%) percent and 14% of lncRNAs were shown to be up and downregulated, respectively. Notably, TUG1 was shown to be upregulated in PC-3 cells from PCR array and RT-qPCR results. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TUG1 is involved in several cancer hallmarks including apoptosis evasion, migration, invasion and EMT. Furthermore, lncRNA/miRNA complexes regulate a series of oncogenic signaling pathways and this study demonstrated that TUG1 sponges the let-7 miRNA family members (a highly conserved tumor suppressor miRNA family) and promotes PCa progression. Precise mechanisms of TUG1/let-7 axis in PCa prognosis need to be largely elucidated as this may hold potential to understanding lncRNA/miRNA-mediated PCa progression and thus be targeted for novel therapeutics. Citation Format: Rahaba Makgotso Marima, Mandisa Mbeje, Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu, Clement Penny, Zodwa Dlamini. TUG1 exosomal lncRNA sponges let-7 miRNA family members and advances prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2988.

Abstract 3286: Synergistic impact of long non-coding RNA TUG1 depletion in overcoming temozolomide chemoresistance in glioblastoma

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) stands out as the most prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, marked by a high mortality rate. Standard therapy involves temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, an alkylating agent. However, most cases develop resistance to TMZ, necessitating the development of new treatment options to overcome TMZ-resistant GBM. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute a class of RNA molecules that, despite not encoding proteins, play pivotal roles in regulating diverse cellular processes. Overexpression of specific lncRNAs in cancer is linked to crucial aspects of cancer progression, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) is a highly expressed lncRNA in GBM, playing a crucial role in preventing excessive DNA replication stress and associated DNA damage (Nat Commun 2023).This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of TUG1 depletion and TMZ in TMZ-resistant GBM. First, we established a TMZ-resistant U251MG cell line, U251MG-R, characterized by a low DNA methylation level of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter. We observed that TMZ increased DNA replication stress in the U251MG-R. Depleting TUG1 by using antisense oligonucleotide (TUG1-ASO) sensitized U251MG-R cells to TMZ. Treatment with TMZ or TUG1-ASO alone inhibited cell proliferation, with the most significant inhibition observed when both were combined. Next, we employed a xenograft mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous TUG1-ASO treatment coupled with a tumor-specific drug delivery system (antiTUG1-DDS). The combination of antiTUG1-DDS with TMZ displayed the most effective suppression of tumor growth compared to either TMZ or antiTUG1-DDS alone. Targeted therapy aimed at TUG1 may be a promising approach for overcoming TMZ resistance in GBM. Citation Format: Hidekazu Kito, Yuji Kibe, Miho Suzuki, Keiko Shinjo, Yutaka Kondo. Synergistic impact of long non-coding RNA TUG1 depletion in overcoming temozolomide chemoresistance in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3286.

Long non-coding RNA LncTUG1 regulates favourable compression force-induced cementocytes mineralization via PU.1/TLR4/SphK1 signalling.

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a highly coordinated biomechanical response to orthodontic forces with active remodelling of alveolar bone but minor root resorption. Such antiresorptive properties of root relate to cementocyte mineralization, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. This study used the microarray analysis to explore long non-coding ribonucleic acids involved in stress-induced cementocyte mineralization. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments, including Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red S staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence analyses of mineralization-associated factors, were conducted to verify long non-coding ribonucleic acids taurine-upregulated gene 1 (LncTUG1) regulation in stress-induced cementocyte mineralization, via targeting the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/SphK1 axis. The luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, and co-localization assays were performed to elucidate the interactions between LncTUG1, PU.1, and TLR4. Our findings indicated that LncTUG1 overexpression attenuated stress-induced cementocyte mineralization, while blocking the TLR4/SphK1 axis reversed the inhibitory effect of LncTUG1 on stress-induced cementocyte mineralization. The in vivo findings also confirmed the involvement of TLR4/SphK1 signalling in cementocyte mineralization during OTM. Mechanistically, LncTUG1 bound with PU.1 subsequently enhanced TLR4 promotor activity and thus transcriptionally elevated the expression of TLR4. In conclusion, our data revealed a critical role of LncTUG1 in regulating stress-induced cementocyte mineralization via PU.1/TLR4/SphK1 signalling, which might provide further insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies that could protect roots from resorption during OTM.

The interaction between MALAT1 and TUG1 with dietary fatty acid quality indices on visceral adiposity index and body adiposity index

We aimed to investigate the interaction between the transcript levels of taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) and the Cholesterol-Saturated Fat Index (CSI) in relation to the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body adiposity index (BAI). This cross-sectional study involved 346 women classified as obese and overweight, aged between 18 and 48 years. Dietary intake and the quality of dietary fat were assessed using a validated and reliable 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, with the Cholesterol-Saturated Fat Index (CSI) used as an indicator. Transcription levels of MALAT1 and TUG1 were evaluated through real-time polymerase chain reaction following the criteria outlined in the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative standards. Serum profiles were measured using standard protocols. We observed a positive association between transcription level of MALAT1 and VAI in both crude (β = 3.646, 95% CI 1.950–5.341, p < 0.001) and adjusted (β = 8.338, 95% CI 6.110–10.566, p < 0.001) models. Furthermore, after adjusting for confounders, a significant positive interaction was noted between MALAT1 expression and CSI on BAI (β: 0.130, 95% CI 0.019, 0.240, p = 0.022), with a marginal positive interaction observed on VAI (β: 0.718, 95% CI − 0.028, 1.463, p = 0.059). It seems that there may be a positive interaction between MALAT1 transcription level and CSI on VAI and BAI among overweight and obese women. However, no associations were seen between TUG1 mRNA level and the above-mentioned outcomes. Further functional studies are still required to elucidate this concept.

The transcript level of long non-coding RNAs; MALAT1 and TUG1, and the association with metabolic syndrome-related parameters in women with overweight and obesity.

Recent studies have addressed the possible role of long non-coding RNAs (lnc-RNAs), Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1), and Taurine Upregulated Gene 1 (TUG1), in modulating the underlying mechanisms of obesity-related metabolic abnormalities. However, studies are limited and contradictory. Hence, we sought to investigate the relationship of the transcript level of these two lnc-RNAs with metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related parameters in women with obesity and overweight. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 342 women with obese and overweight. We conducted assessments encompassing anthropometric measurements, body composition analysis, fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, lipid profile analysis, insulin levels, HOMA-IR index, and liver enzyme profiling. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate transcript levels of MALAT1 and TUG1. Also, a 147-question semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to evaluate food intake and physical activity, respectively. There was a significant association between FBS and MALAT1 transcript level (β: 0.382; 95% CI: 0.124, 0.640; P = 0.004). Also, there was a significant association between triglyceride (TG) and MALAT1 transcript level (β: 4.767; 95% CI: 2.803, 6.731; P < 0.0001). After adjusting for age, BMI, energy intake, and physical activity, an inverse significant association was observed between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and MALAT1 transcript level (β: -0.325; 95% CI: -0.644, -0.006; P = 0.046). Our findings indicated positive associations between mRNA levels of MALAT1 and MetS-related parameters, including FBG, TG, HDL, and systolic blood pressure in overweight and obese women. However, large prospective studies are needed to further establish this concept. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-023-01367-2.

Increased ferroptosis in leukocytes from preeclamptic women involving the long non-coding taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1).

Ferroptosis plays a key role in placental development and physiology, and abnormal ferroptosis has been implicated in trophoblast injury leading to preeclampsia (PE). We hypothesize that leukocytes isolated from PE exhibit increased ferroptosis and that extracellular vesicles contain long non-coding (lnc) RNA/mRNAs that modulate oxidative stress and iron toxicity in vascular endothelial cells. We measured the expression of key regulators of ferroptosis in leukocytes and extracellular vesicles as well as circulating biomarkers of iron homeostasis and oxidative stress in plasma from women with/without PE at different timepoints during pregnancy. For markers that were dysregulated, we assessed their temporal correlation with established markers of disease activity and marker of endothelial activation. For markers dysregulated in early pregnancy, we assessed their ability to predict the development of PE. We found decreased lncRNA/mRNAs in leukocytes, but not extracellular vesicles, in PE that may modulate oxidative stress and iron toxicity. This decrease in anti-ferroptotic markers does not appear to be related to maternal disease activity or plasma oxidative stress status but rather to attenuated anti-inflammatory expression in these cells. Circulating ferritin was elevated in PE, supporting the hypothesis that PE represents a disbalance in iron homeostasis. Low lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1 RNA levels in leukocytes at 22-24 weeks were strongly associated with the development of PE. Our findings suggest that maternal leukocytes in PE show decreased anti-ferroptotic activity that correlates with anti-inflammatory expression. Moreover, some of these changes in ferroptotic activity appear to precede the development of PE.

Inorganic arsenic-mediated upregulation of TUG1 promotes apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells by activating the p53 signaling pathway.

Exposure to arsenic, an environmental contaminant, is known to cause arsenicosis and cancer. Although considerable research has been conducted to understand the underlying mechanism responsible for arsenic-induced cancers, the precise molecular mechanisms remain unknown, especially at the epigenetic regulation level. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) that have been shown to mediate various biological processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, and mutagenesis. There are few studies on LncRNAs and biological damage caused by environmental pollutants. The LncRNAs taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) regulates cell growth both in vitro and in vivo, and contributes its oncogenic role. However, the precise roles and related mechanisms of arsenic-induced cell apoptosis are still not fully understood owing to controversial findings in the literature. In this study, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed higher expression levels of TUG1 in people occupationally exposed to arsenic than in individuals living away from the source of arsenic exosure (N = 25). In addition, the results suggested that TUG1 was involved in arsenic-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, knockdown experiments showed that silencing of TUG1 markedly inhibited proliferation, whereas depletion of TUG1 led to increased apoptosis. The TUG1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) combination with arsenic (3 μM/L) slightly increased apoptosis compared with the TUG1-siRNA. Additionally, the knockdown experiments showed that the silencing of TUG1 by siRNA inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis by inducing p53, p-p53 (ser392), FAS, BCL2, MDM2, cleaved-caspase7 proteins in 16HBE cells. These results indicated that arsenic mediates the upregulation of TUG1 and induces cell apoptosis via activating the p53 signaling pathway.

Study of Long Non-Coding RNA Tug1 Expression in Egyptian Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Patients

Abstract Purpose Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most fatal tumors worldwide. In Egypt, most CRC cases occur in individuals &gt; 40 years old. TUG1 has been proved to be disrupted in different malignancies and may have a critical role in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. However, its role in CRC has not been adequately studied. Materials / Methods Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to evaluate the expression levels of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1), in nonmetastatic and metastatic CRC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues as control. Results LncRNA TUG1 expression was significantly upregulated in both nonmetastatic and metastatic CRC tissues, in comparison with the adjacent noncancerous tissue. It was found that TUG1 could have a possible prognostic role in CRC, by comparing the sensitivity and specificity of TUG1 with those of CEA and CA19–9. Conclusion The results of the current study suggest that the LncRNA TUG1 participates in the malignant behaviors of CRC cells.

TUG1-mediated R-loop resolution at microsatellite loci as a prerequisite for cancer cell proliferation

Oncogene-induced DNA replication stress (RS) and consequent pathogenic R-loop formation are known to impede S phase progression. Nonetheless, cancer cells continuously proliferate under such high-stressed conditions through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here, we report taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which is highly expressed in many types of cancers, as an important regulator of intrinsic R-loop in cancer cells. Under RS conditions, TUG1 is rapidly upregulated via activation of the ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway, interacts with RPA and DHX9, and engages in resolving R-loops at certain loci, particularly at the CA repeat microsatellite loci. Depletion of TUG1 leads to overabundant R-loops and enhanced RS, leading to substantial inhibition of tumor growth. Our data reveal a role of TUG1 as molecule important for resolving R-loop accumulation in cancer cells and suggest targeting TUG1 as a potent therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.