Task-oriented Leadership Style Research Articles

The influence of organizational culture and shared leadership on work-family conflict and employee job satisfaction

This study aims to investigate the influence of organizational culture and shared leadership on work-family conflict (WFC) and employee job satisfaction, within the context of businesses in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. A survey was conducted involving 592 employees, and linear structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized for data analysis. With the exception of the negative impact of external orientation culture value and task-oriented leadership style on job satisfaction, the study revealed that organizational cultural values and shared leadership have a favorable impact on reducing WFC and enhancing employee job satisfaction. A noteworthy discovery from this research is that organizational cultural values and shared leadership style not only mitigate WFC but also foster higher employee job satisfaction. As a result, it is recommended that enterprises prioritize the development of organizational cultural values and shared leadership models to bolster job satisfaction, increase employee loyalty, and consequently, enhance overall firm performance.

Investigation of the Effects of "First Managers" on Teachers' Professional Lives According to Different Variables

Leadership and education have been two topics that researchers have been interested in for years. Many studies have been conducted, especially on relationship-oriented and task-oriented leadership styles. This study examined the impact of the first school administrator teachers worked with on their future careers. Data was collected through a digital survey that included a leadership style scale developed by researchers and demographic information. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted for the developed scale. Later, data was collected from a different group and confirmatory factor analysis was performed again. The study was conducted on a sample group of 530 individuals. The collected data was analyzed with ANOVA and t-test. The findings showed that 70% of the teachers revealed that their first administrator had an impact on their career. It was found that the impact did not differ based on the leadership style used. In addition, it was revealed that there were differences in how teachers were influenced based on the administrator’s seniority and the educational level of the first school they worked at. The finding that the impact did not differ based on task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership style is in line with the literature.

Effects of Head Teaches' Task-Oriented Behavior on Teachers' Performance at Secondary Level Lahore

This study aimed to illuminate the effects of head teachers' task-oriented leadership style on secondary grade teachers' performance. The head teachers and teachers of the secondary level of Lahore City constituted the population of the study. From this population, 300 teachers and students were selected as samples by stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected by using survey questionnaires. Two self-made questionnaires were developed and used to collect data from teachers and students. Participants were asked to respond to a 5-point Likert scale ranging from '1' indicating strongly disagree and '5' indicating strongly agree in terms of how strongly the head teachers practised task-oriented behaviour. Collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics that include mean, percentage, and independent sample t-test and regression analysis. The main finding of the study revealed that head teachers' task-oriented behaviour has a positive effect on teachers' performance at the secondary level.

The Effect of Reward, Career Development and Task-Oriented Leadership Style on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variables

The Effect of Reward, Career Development and Task-Oriented Leadership Style on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variables

How entrepreneurial competencies influence the leadership style: A study of Saudi female entrepreneurs

This study examines a group of women entrepreneurs of small and micro businesses in Hail, Riyadh and Eastern regions of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study aims to identify the particular style of leadership displayed by these women entrepreneurs; and whether all their competencies have the same or different influence on their task-oriented or people-oriented leadership styles. The respondents were initially identified through various organizations such as Wa’ed (Aramco’s entrepreneurship centre), MISK Foundation and Monsha’at. Subsequently, we finalized female-owned small businesses that are operating for minimum two years in their respective business area as our target respondents. The survey questionnaire was sent to 310 women entrepreneurs after obtaining their approval. A total of 211 filled surveys were received. The responses having repetition or missing data were deleted which resulted in 174 surveys which were analyzed using SPSS. Surprisingly, the results indicate that our respondents exhibit a higher score of task-oriented leadership style. The female entrepreneurs who possess high degrees of business and management, relationship, entrepreneurial and human relation skills are found to incline towards task-oriented leadership style. The relationship and entrepreneurial competencies show a positive influence on the people-oriented leadership style. On the other hand, business and management, as well as entrepreneurial and human interactions, show a positive influence on task-oriented style of leadership.

The neurophysiological basis of leadership: a machine learning approach

PurposeThis research employed two neurophysiological techniques (electroencephalograms (EEG) and galvanic skin response (GSR)) and machine learning algorithms to capture and analyze relationship-oriented leadership (ROL) and task-oriented leadership (TOL). By grounding the study in the theoretical perspectives of transformational leadership and embodied leadership, the study draws connections to the human body's role in activating ROL and TOL styles.Design/methodology/approachEEG and GSR signals were recorded during resting state and event-related brain activity for 52 study participants. Both leadership styles were assessed independently using a standard questionnaire, and brain activity was captured by presenting subjects with emotional stimuli.FindingsROL revealed differences in EEG baseline over the frontal lobes during emotional stimuli, but no differences were found in GSR signals. TOL style, on the other hand, did not present significant differences in either EEG or GSR responses, as no biomarkers showed differences. Hence, it was concluded that EEG measures were better at recognizing brain activity associated with ROL than TOL. EEG signals were also strongest when individuals were presented with stimuli containing positive (specifically, happy) emotional content. A subsequent machine learning model developed using EEG and GSR data to recognize high/low levels of ROL and TOL predicted ROL with 81% accuracy.Originality/valueThe current research integrates psychophysiological techniques like EEG with machine learning to capture and analyze study variables. In doing so, the study addresses biases associated with self-reported surveys that are conventionally used in management research. This rigorous and interdisciplinary research advances leadership literature by striking a balance between neurological data and the theoretical underpinnings of transformational and embodied leadership.

Model of Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment

This research focuses on task-oriented leadership styles that have paid very little attention, especially in assessing the impact of task-oriented leadership styles. leadership style on psychological capital, job satisfaction and employee organizational commitment. This research further develops research on the relationship between leadership style, psychological capital, job satisfaction and employee organizational commitment in SMEs in Indonesia, especially in the city of Palembang.The research design is a research plan, namely a detailed explanation of the entire research plan starting from the formulation of the problem, objectives, description of the relationship between variables. The number of samples in this study was 180. It was found that the leadership style variable had an effect on job satisfaction, the psychological capital variable had an effect on satisfaction work, leadership style variables affect organizational commitment, psychological capital variables affect organizational commitment, and job satisfaction variables affect organizational commitment

Gender-Based Differences in Leadership Style: An Empirical Analysis

ABSTRACT This research investigates the differences in leadership styles among males and females of tertiary educational institutions in Cambodia and Malaysia. The study used a questionnaire as a measuring instrument and hypotheses testing to perform a one-sample t-test and a paired t-test. The sampling design used was convenience sampling. This research is relatively novel as it involved respondents from educational institutions in two Southeast Asian countries. This research found that females have a people-oriented leadership style and have a higher perception of their leadership abilities. In addition, it found that males have neither a task-oriented nor a people-oriented leadership style. The study suggests that women should be given the helm to manage these concerns in light of recent geopolitical uncertainties and workplace issues. Keywords: Leadership approaches; People-oriented and task-oriented leadership style; Cambodia; Malaysia; One-sample t-test; Paired t-test

The impact of task-oriented leadership to subordinates' knowledge creation behavior – based on organismic integration theory

PurposeCompetitiveness of pharmaceutical companies hugely depends on new knowledge because of ever-changing technologies and forefront of knowledge. Leadership styles appear to influence knowledge management behavior, but there has been little empirical research on employees' knowledge creation behavior as an outcome of leadership. The study examines how task-oriented leadership affects subordinates' knowledge creation behavior. Based on organismic integration theory (OIT), the study proposes that perception of competitive climate and achievement motivation can conduct as mediators.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 877 full-time working employees in five pharmaceutical companies in China. Participants answered demographic questions and completed the task-oriented leadership, perception of competitive climate, achievement motivation, as well as knowledge creation behavior scale. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe results review that task-oriented leadership will significantly promote subordinates' knowledge creation behavior. Perception of competitive climate and achievement motivation play mediator roles between task-oriented leadership and subordinates knowledge creation behavior. Perception of competitive climate and achievement motivation have a serial mediating effect between task-oriented leadership and subordinates knowledge creation behavior.Practical implicationsBy adopting a task-oriented leadership style through training and development, leaders may stimulate employees more knowledge creation behaviors by transmitting the organization's vision, clarifying their work tasks and setting relatively high-performance standards. Then, organizations should establish a competition mechanism to promote competition among employees, while also preventing malicious competition. Finally, organizations should arouse employees' achievement motivation to stimulate their internal pursuit of success and needs.Originality/valueBecause of the improvement of information technology and the acceleration of knowledge dissemination, the need for new knowledge is becoming more and more urgent in organizations. Knowledge, as a resource that needs to be managed in an organizational environment, has regained researchers' attention. However, a flourishing number of studies explain the organizational knowledge management from the macro level, there is a need to explore how leaders influence their subordinates to create knowledge. From the perspective of extrinsic motivation internalization, this study’s findings contribute to the literature on task-oriented leadership and knowledge creation behavior and expand our understanding of why task-oriented leadership promotes subordinates' knowledge creation behavior.

The Influence of Principal Leadership on Students’ Academic Achievement: A Case Study of A School

This research was conducted at 15 government schools in Addis Ababa. The objectives of this research are to identify principal style and its effect on academic achievement. The “Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire” (LBDQ) formed by Halpin (1966) was used. Meanwhile Academic achievement was measured using the “School Certificate Examination Results from 2017-2020. A total of 191 teachers and 15 principals from government school in Addis Ababa were randomly chosen. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the data. To support data obtained from questionnaire given 10 teachers were interviewed. The results showed that most of the school leaders adopt a democratic style of leadership. There was a significant correlation between the structure of task-oriented leadership style and students’ performance in the examinations. Correlation analysis also showed that principals practice task- oriented structure and consideration-oriented structure in relation to their work responsibilities. Furthermore, findings also showed that majority of the principals are more likely to practice consideration-oriented leadership style compared to structure-oriented leadership style.

The relationship between communication apprehension and leadership styles in a job recruitment process

Nowadays, many organizations seek to accelerate the employees’ communication effectiveness. However, only a few put efforts into reducing communication apprehension and understanding their potential in leadership. This paper seeks to investigate the correlation between communication apprehension and leadership styles, and consequently tries to investigate its impact on individuals’ success in a job recruitment test. A total of 114 participants were gathered in an online survey from a government institution’s recruitment process. The inferential statistic tests (ANOVA) were used to determine differences in leadership styles and their communication apprehension based on respondents’ success in the recruitment process. Results showed that respondents who have high communication apprehension would display task-oriented leadership behaviors and were tended to be more focusing on their role and performance, while the lower communication apprehension indicated more relation-oriented leadership behaviors. Moreover, applicants with a relational leadership style would likely pass a job recruitment test and were more likely to have a successful result in a recruitment process than ones with a task-oriented leadership style. Additionally, this research also gives a glimpse of communication apprehension study in non-western countries. The findings suggest a need for organizations in addressing these issues in order to develop their employees’ communication capacity. Limitations and future research are also discussed in this paper.

Machiavellianism and task-orientated leadership: moderating effect of job autonomy

Despite the negative connotation of Machiavellianism, Machs are found in all kinds of organization and at almost all levels. How they function in organizations is worth examining. The present study explored the relationship between Machiavellianism and Task-Oriented Leadership. Job autonomy was also hypothesized as a moderator, impacting the relationship between the two variables. The sample for the study comprised of middle level managers working for different organizations in and around National Capital Region, Delhi, India. Machiavellian Personality scale (MPS), Task oriented Leadership style questionnaire, and Work autonomy scale were used to collect data. The data was analyzed with the help of SPSS V-21 and Process Hayes macros. Results revealed a significant positive relationship between Machiavellianism and Task-oriented leadership. Also, the relationship between the two constructs was moderated by high and average level of job autonomy.

Task-oriented leadership style on students’ academic achievement in public secondary schools in Nyeri county, Kenya

Introduction: The concept of school leadership has attracted the attention of many stakeholders in education sector. Students’ academic achievement is greatly determined by the decisions made by the school governance. The leadership style used by leaders influences the decision making process, communication process and implementation of decisions made. Purpose: The study sought to find out the extent to which task-oriented leadership style used by school heads in public secondary schools in Nyeri Central Sub-County affects students’ academic achievement. Methodology: The study used descriptive research design to obtain accurate information concerning the current existing phenomena. The sample consisted 590 statistically sampled using Krejcie’s and Morgan’s table of sampling. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and interview schedules. After pilot study, the researcher checked validity and reliability of the tools. The reliability value of the tool was 0.8. To enhance consistency of the tool, test-retest reliability technique was used and yielded a coefficient of 0.76. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the relationship between task-oriented leadership style and students’ academic achievement. Results: The study found that principals who practiced task-oriented leadership style posted high mean mark in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE). The study also revealed that majority of principals practiced relationship-oriented leadership style hence, it was the most prevalent leadership style in Nyeri Central Sub-County. The study found a strong positive correlation between task-oriented leadership style and students’ achievement. Recommendations: It is recommended that principals’ should incorporate different leadership styles depending on the situation at hand to promote high students achievement.

GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENJALANKAN FUNGSI MANAJEMEN

This research is entitled Analysis of Principal Leadership Style in Carrying Out Management Functions in State Senior High School 1 Baleendah. The purpose of this study was to describe the tendency of the principal's leadership style in State High School 1 Baleendah, Bandung Regency. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Sources of data in this study were the principal, vice principal of the curriculum field. deputy principal for student affairs, deputy principal in the field of infrastructure, deputy principal in the field of public relations, teachers, and administrative staff. The data technique used interviews, observation and documentation study. Data were analyzed by reducing data, presenting data and drawing data in narrative form. The results showed that: the leadership style used by the principal of State Senior High School 1 Baleendah tended to use democratic amd participative leadership. 1) The leadership of the principal, including the planning process, tends to use a democratic and visionary leadership style. 2) The organizing process tends to be carried out in a democratic and participative leadership style. 3) The implementation process tends to be carried out with a task-oriented leadership style and human relations that prioritizes cooperative relations and general and personal direction and guidance. 4) The process of supervision tends to be carried out with delegative leadership style by supervising directly and giving trust to subordinates to supervise so as not to continuously supervise by going around the classroom, overseeing the performance of teachers and employees.

Followers’ Perceptions of Positive Communication Practices in Leadership: What Matters and Surprisingly What Does Not

Using the model of positive communication as a guiding framework, this study explored which specific prosocial behaviors best explained a relationship- or task-oriented leadership style. Examining data gathered from 359 participants working in various industries, regression analyses revealed that listening behaviors and inspirational actions were meaningful for both relationship- and task-oriented leaders; however, complimenting emerged as particularly salient for relationship-oriented leadership styles whereas asking was significant for task-oriented leadership styles. Interestingly, followers’ age, race-ethnicity, and gender did not impact their perceptions of leader’s positive communication practices. The implications of these findings for leadership training, particularly in an increasingly diverse workforce, are discussed.

Liderlik Yönelimlerinin Çatışma Çözme Stratejileri Üzerindeki Etkisi (The Impact of Leadership Orientations on Conflict Resolution Strategies)

Purpose – The s tudy a imed to determine w hether the p eople-oriented leadership style or task-oriented leadership style of hotel managers have an impact on their approach to strategies to resolve conflict. Design/methodology/approach – The study population consisted of hotel managers of four and five-star hotels in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea Regions in Turkey. Data were collected between November 2016 and March 2017 via questionnaires created to obtain data regarding demographic characteristics of the participants, and questionnaires that include scales for determining leadership orientations and strategies to resolve conflict. Data obtained were evaluated by using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses. Findings – The results showed that managers’ adoption of task-oriented and people-oriented leadership styles together have a significant effect on the integration, compromise, avoidance, and reconciliation strategies among the methods of conflict resolution; however, that they did not have a significant effect on the domination strategy. Discussion – The results of the study showed that task-oriented or people-oriented leadership styles have a significant effect on the integration, compromise, avoidance, and reconciliation strategies among methods of conflict resolution and in the relative ranking of these strategies. Task-oriented leadership style was in first place for integration, domination, and reconciliation strategies and people-oriented leadership style was in first place for compromise strategy. In sectors where customers are in direct communication and often face-to-face interaction with employees, such as tourism, the negative effects of not resolving a conflict by employees can be directly observed. Therefore, the authors consider that determining one of the factors that may minimize the negative effects of conflict and that is effective in choosing the right strategy for the organizational structure may have a positive effect on the organizational outcomes for such establishments.

Teacher Leadership and Conflict Management in EFL Classroom in the Light of the Contingency Theory of Human Resource Management: An Interdisciplinary Study

The present interdisciplinary research was enlightened by the contingency theory of human resource management (HRM) and aimed to explore Iranian EFL teachers’ leadership and conflict management styles in the private sector. To this aim, Fiedler’s leadership measurement instrument along with Thomas & Kilmann’s conflict management instrument were used to collect data from 51 EFL teachers teaching in private language institutes of Khorasan Razavi, Iran. The aim was to find what proportion of teachers were task-oriented and what proportion were relation-oriented in leadership, and which conflict management styles were more prevalent among task-oriented and which were dominant among relation-oriented teachers. Furthermore, comparisons were made between male/female, younger (20-30 yrs.)/older (>30 yrs.) and experienced (>5 yrs.)/novice (<5 yrs.) teachers in terms of the leadership style as well as the conflict management style. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used to analyze the data in SPSS21. The results revealed that the majority of participants used task-oriented leadership style in class. Task-oriented teachers showed to use the accommodating conflict management style more while relation-oriented teachers prevalently used the collaborating style. Statistically significant differences were found between demographic groups in terms of the leadership and conflict management styles. Awareness of different leadership and conflict management styles can enrich teacher training courses and professional development programs in Applied Linguistics.

The relationship between task-oriented leadership style, psychological capital, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: evidence from Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises

PurposeThis study examines the relationship between task-oriented leadership style, psychological capital, job satisfaction and organizational commitment: evidence from Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises.Design/methodology/approachThe method employed in the research is the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for testing hypotheses of data collected from a sample of 800 employees working in small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam.FindingsThe results show that the task-oriented leadership style has a positive impact on organizational commitment, limits job satisfaction and no obvious association with the psychological capital of employees. Besides, job satisfaction and psychological capital play an important role in the organizational commitment of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises of Vietnam.Originality/valueThis paper aims to shed light on a less fully explored topic for organizational behavior in small and medium-sized enterprises in emerging markets like Vietnam. In contrast to extensive studies on the participative and supportive leader, this study focuses on task-oriented leadership style in the testing and analysis to understand the theory of leadership style, psychological capital, job satisfaction and organizational commitment in emerging markets and provides more knowledge on employee behavior management for companies in Vietnam. This is a unique contribution to the original value of this article.

Narcissism personality trait and performance: task-oriented leadership and authoritarian styles as mediators

PurposeThe present study explored the direct as well as indirect relationships between narcissism personality trait and performance. Two leadership styles (task oriented and authoritarian styles) were identified as possible mediators.Design/methodology/approachNarcissism was measured by using Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ames et al., 2006), performance was measured by performance scale (Greene-Shortridge, 2008). Sinha's leadership scale (Sinha, 2008) was used to measure task-oriented and authoritarian leadership styles. 273 senior-level managers of a big public sector Indian organization participated in the study. SPSS 22 and SmartPLS 2.0 were used to analyze the data.FindingsCorrelation result shows that narcissism personality trait was positively related to authoritarian leadership style and negatively to task-oriented leadership style, task performance and teamwork dimensions of performance. Task-oriented leadership style mediated the relationship between narcissism and task performance and teamwork more than the authoritarian leadership style.Originality/valueThe study attempts to empirically test the behavioral manifestation of narcissism personality trait as positive or negative and has considered the whole measure of performance which has not been previously explored. Practical implications were also highlighted beside the theoretical concerns.

Studying Effect of Communication Skills and Leadership Styles of Manager on Knowledge Management of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Knowledge management is one of the emerging variables in organizations which has a considerable effect on the progress of organizations. The present research studies effect of communication skills and leadership styles of managers on the establishment of knowledge management in Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Methodology: The research population includes all managers of University of Medical Sciences in all levels and a statistical sample of this research includes 180 managers who have been selected with Convenience sampling. The instrument of this research includes knowledge management, communication skills and leadership styles questionnaires and their validities are 0.87, 0.78 and 0.86, respectively, which are confirmed by sociology and training sciences professors. For data analysis in this test, mean and standard deviation have been used in descriptive statistics and correlation test and Kruskal–Wallis test have been used in the inferential test. Results: Findings of this research showed that Relationship oriented leadership style is found in low ranking managers and task-oriented leadership style is manifested more in medium ranking managers. Communication skills in high ranking managers are higher than those in managers of other levels. Low-level managers play more roles in the establishment of knowledge management. One of the other findings of this research is a significant correlation between knowledge management and relationship-oriented leadership style and also communication skills. Conclusion: Therefore, communication skills and leadership styles play an effective role in knowledge management and its establishment considering the obtained results.