Extract Of Artemisia Dracunculus Research Articles

Immunomodulation Induced in BALB/c Mice after Subacute Exposure to Hydroalcoholic Extract of Artimisia Dracunculus.

Tarragon, with the scientific name of Artemisia dracunculus, is a perennial herbaceous plant with a wide spectrum of pharmacologic properties. In the current investigation, BALB/c mice were used to examine the immunomodulatory effects of hydroalcoholic extract of tarragon (HET). Mice were treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Artimisia dracunculus (HET) at two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) for 14 days. The host hematological parameters, spleen cellularity histopathology, hemagglutination titer assay (HA), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, IFN-γ and IL-4 levels produced by spelenocytes, and the proliferation of lymphocytes were assayed. HET at a high dose significantly could increase the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes compared to the control group. The lymphocyte proliferation in exposure to PHA significantly increased in the HET group at both doses compared to the control group, whilst this index in the presence of LPS increased significantly for the 500 mg/kg-HET group only. Moreover, in the HA and DTH tests, HET significantly increased the proliferation of lymphocytes as compared with the control group. Furthermore, HET significantly increased the amount of IFN-γ parallel to a decrease in the level of IL-4 in compared to the control group. Based on our findings, HET has potent immunostimulant characteristics. More investigation into tarragon's potential to be used in the treatment of disorders caused by a weakened immune response should be conducted.

Comparing the efficacy of sulfasalazine and an aqueous extract of tarragon in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis

Comparing the efficacy of sulfasalazine and an aqueous extract of tarragon in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis

Chemical profiles and bioactivities of polyphenolic extracts of Lavandula stoechas L., Artemisia dracunculus L. and Ocimum basilicum L.

This study assessed the chemical profiles and bioactivities of the infusions, decoctions and hydroethanolic extracts of tarragon, basil and French lavender. The extracts were chemically characterised (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) and their bioactivities were evaluated in vitro. All extracts revealed antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. French lavender extracts showed higher total phenolic content, regardless of the extraction method used, and antioxidant and antitumour capacities, but no anti-inflammatory action. All basil and two of the tarragon extracts revealed anti-inflammatory power. Thus, tarragon, basil and French lavender extracts may be considered for inclusion in foods, as preservatives or functional ingredients. Nonetheless, further studies must be conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of the bioactive compounds.

Antibacterial Activity of Different Artemisia dracunculus Extracts Against Dental Caries-Related Pathogens

Background: This study investigated the antibacterial properties of four types of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) extracts against two caries contributing bacteria, namely, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Methods: The extracts of A. dracunculus were prepared using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water solvents. In addition, the diameter of inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined, and finally, MTT (tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay) was used to analyze the cytotoxic effects of the extracts. Results: The well-diffusion method showed the antibacterial property of four tested extracts against bacteria. Methanol and water extracts made the highest inhibition zone diameters (P<0.001). This was true for both tested bacteria. The mIC of the methanol, water, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate extracts were 0.78, 1.5, 3.1, and 1.5 mg/mL, as well as 0.78, 0.78, 1.5, and 1.5 mg/mL against S. mutans and S. sobrinus, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for methanolic, aqueous, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts were 0.78, 0.78, 1.56, and 3.12 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: The results provided a rational reason for the traditional use of A. dracunculus extracts against anti-caries-related bacteria. The methanolic extract demonstrated better activity, thus methanol can probably extract a wider range of plant compounds with antibacterial effects.

Role of basil, thyme and tarragon in reducing the content of nitrite in meat products

Reducing the content of nitrites and nitrates in food, including meat and meat products is a current issue. More and more studies are being done to reduce these synthetic food additives by using vegetative additives. This paper examines the issue of reducing nitrite content in meat products. The role of the basil, thyme and tarragon on nitrites and nitrates content in meat products is presented. The study showed the possibility of reducing the content of nitrites and nitrates in Lacta sausages, by using basil extract (BE 0,1%) by 0.4-0.94%, (BE 0.2%) by 0.80-1.88%. (BE 0.3%) by 1.20-2.82%; by thyme extract (ThE 0.1%) by 0.56-071%, (ThE 0.2%) by 1.12-1.42%, (ThE 0.3%) by 1.68-2.13%; by tarragon extract (TE 0.1%) by 0,08-0.66%, (TE 0.2%) by 1.16-1.32. (TE 0.3%) by 0.24-1.98%, maintaining the quality and safety of meat products.

The Cytotoxic Effect of the Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) Hydroalcoholic Extract on the HT-29, MKN45, and MCF-7 Cell Lines

Background::Cancer is one of the problems facing societies today and despite new advances in chemotherapy and cancer treatment, there are still many cancers that do not respond to today’s treatments. Tarragon with the scientific name of Artemisia dracunculus L. has various flavonoid and polyphenolic compounds and many therapeutic effects. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of this plant on different categories of cancer cels. Methodes: After collecting the shoots of tarragon and extracting them by the maceration method, the weight of the extract with a yield of 22.25% was 12.9 g. After examining the presence of flavonoids and total phenol, the extract’s antioxidant activity was examined using DPPH and FRAP methods. Finally, MTT tests on three cancer cell lines, MCF-7, HT-29, and MKN45, were done using different concentrations of tarragon extract (100, 200, 500, and 1000 μg/mL). Results: Total flavonoids were detected at 24±1.18 mg of quercetin per gram of extract, and total phenols were detected at 59±2.21 mg of gallic acid per gram of extract. Examining the inhibitory effect of DPPH compared to vitamin C, it was found that the hydroalcoholic extract of tarragon has a 50% inhibitory effect. According to the standard curve, the amount of iron reduced by tarragon hydroalcoholic extract is equal to 405±0.11 μg/ml. The cytotoxic effect of tarragon hydroalcoholic extract on MCF7, MKN45, and HT-29 cell lines was investigated, and their IC50 values were 1065.669, 881.19, and 743.870 μg/mL, respectively. The A. dracunculus L extract inhibits the growth of cancer cells in various cell lines.

Biosynthesis And Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Ethanol and Aqueous Extract of Tarragon

Biosynthesis And Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Ethanol and Aqueous Extract of Tarragon

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Artemisia dracunculus L. aqueousextract against acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in male Wistar rats

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which is increasing worldover due to modern life style. Patients with UC are prone to develop colorectal cancer. While the disease severity decides the treatment option, researchers look towards herbal medicines with anti-inflammatory properties for minimal or nil side effects. Artemisia dracunculus L., commonly called Tarragon, is a medicinal herb used in traditional Asian medicine mainly in Iran, India, Pakistan and Azerbaijan due to its special compounds. In this study, we tried to elucidate the effects of aqueous extract of tarragon on acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. Male Wistar rats were grouped into four groups of eight each viz., control; experimental control (UC was induced via luminal instillation of 4% acetic acid); and UC induced + aqueous tarragon extract (100 mg/kg) or prednisolone (2 mg/kg) orally for ten consecutive days. Tissue specimens were collected after the experimental period for evaluation of caspase-3 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by immunohistochemistry. Real-time PCR was used to monitor the levels of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in colonic homogenates. Moreover, the levels of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide and total antioxidant capacity were measured in colonic homogenates. The results showed that both treatment regimens could similarly reduce the severity of disease symptoms. Treatment with aqueous extract of tarragon caused a better improvement (P <0.05) in the levels of myeloperoxidase enzyme, and total antioxidant capacity of colonic homogenates compared to prednisolone. Nevertheless, the levels of the expression of caspase-3, and COX-2 and TNF-α were reduced in UC rats received prednisolone more than UC rats received aqueous extract of tarragon. The was no statistical difference in the levels of nitric oxide, IL-1 and IL-6 between UC rats received tarragon extract or prednisolone. Overall, these findings suggest that the aqueous extract of tarragon is a promising strategy to control ulcerative colitis. Aqueous extract can also be used as an anti-inflammatory and immune system stimulant in conditions where the immune system is damaged.

The Antioxidant and DNA Protection Activity of the Tarragon’s Methanolic Extract

For many years plants were regarded as an important source of medical materials that are used extensively for treating and/or avoiding disease. Tarragons (Artemisia dracunculus) has a long history of medicinal uses and is applied for curative purposes. The important phytochemicals (flavonoid and tannin) in the methanolic extract of Tarragon’s dried leaves were estimated qualitatively and quantitatively, and the free radical scavenging activity against hydrogen peroxide was detected. Also, the methanolic extract’s ability to protect the human genomic DNA from Tarragon’s harmful compound was theoretically detected by doing a docking study for some tannin and flavonoid compounds in the DNA. And practically by incubating the human DNA with the Tarragon’s methanolic extract. Both flavonoid and tannin were found in Tarragon’s methanolic extract with about13.4 ± 0.133 mg of quercetin equivalent/gm of flavonoid and 17.7± 2.05 mg of tannic acid equivalent/gm of tannin. Additionally, the extract’s IC50 for H2O2 scavenging activity was about 3.42 ± 0.073 mg/mL, and the Tarragon’s extract’s highest inhibition percentage was about 34.37% compared with (48.57%) for ascorbic acid. Almost the Tarragon’s section has a protective and no damaging effect on DNA. That was confirmed by the high scores of binding energy between flavonoid and tannin compounds with DNA in the docking study. That means there is no direct damaging effect of edible tarragon leaves on the human genomic DNA, which may be strongly related to the content of active phytochemicals (tannin and flavonoids) in leaves.

Optimization of microwave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle with tarragon extract

Optimization of microwave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle with tarragon extract

Effects of Artemisia dracunculus L. Water Extracts on Selected Pests and Aphid Predator Coccinella septempunctata L.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of water extracts of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) on the feeding intensity, mortality, and weight gain of selected pests, i.e., adult pea leaf weevils (Sitona lineatus L.), nymphs, wingless females of black bean aphids (Aphis fabae Scop.), and L2 and L4 larvae of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). In addition, the effect of the tarragon extracts on the voracity of the non-target organism Coccinella septempunctata L. L3 larvae was examined. To reduce S. lineatus feeding, at least 10% dry matter (DM) extract and 20% fresh matter (FM) should be used. Tarragon water extract has strong aphicidal potential against A. fabae, with 84% mortality of nymphs at 30% FM and 78% mortality of wingless females at 10% DM after 108 h of exposure. Aphid nymphs turned out to be more sensitive to the extracts prepared from fresh tarragon than from its dry matter. They were also more sensitive than wingless females. The body weight gain of L2 and L4 larvae of Colorado potato beetle was significantly reduced through the application of 10% and 5% extracts prepared from dry matters, respectively, while extracts prepared from fresh matter turned out to be ineffective. L2 larvae were more susceptible to extracts than L4 larvae, which suggests that they should be used as early as possible in the pest season. No negative influence of the extracts used on the voraciousness of C. septempunctata L3 larvae was found.

Antimicrobial Effects of Basil, Summer Savory and Tarragon Lyophilized Extracts in Cold Storage Sausages.

The problem of functional foods with bioactive components of natural origin is current for the food industry. Plant extracts rich in polyphenols with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity are a promising source for use in improving the quality and characteristics of fresh meat and meat products. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the physico-chemical, microbiological, sensory properties of sausages prepared with the addition of lyophilized extract of basil, thyme or tarragon. For the beginning, the total amount of polyphenols, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the extracts obtained from three spices were evaluated. In the sausages previously infected with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli it was observed that there is a much larger number of colonies of microorganisms in the control sample compared to the other samples within 24 and 48 h. Moreover, following the addition of sausage extracts, no changes were found regarding their sensory acceptability.

A green nano-biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles with Tarragon extract: Structural, thermal, and antimicrobial characterization

In this study, tarragon extract was used as a reducing agent to perform green nano-biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs). The synthesized SeNPs were characterized using measurements of UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy disperse analysis of X rays (EDAX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and differential scanning analysis (DSC). Synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by observing a peak at 212 nm in UV-VIS, indicating the surface plasmon resonance of SeNPs. Tarragon extract enabled a stable dispersion of SeNPs, giving rise to formation of the nanoparticles in the shape of quasi-spheres without clustering with the sizes between 20 and 50 nm. The SeNPs were shown to be in the form of nanocrystals, having Se embedded in the nanostructure with high thermal stability (a high resistance to thermal process over 200 °C). The SeNPs synthesized with tarragon extract could remarkably increase the inhibition zones from approximately 13 to 18 mm against the pathogenic bacteria and from 10 to 14 mm, 17–36 mm, 8–12 mm, 15–24.5 mm and 9–14 mm, against A. alternata, A. niger, A. parasiticus, B. cinerea, F. oxysporum and P. chrysogenum, respectively.

Inhibition of Neutrophil Functions and Antibacterial Effects of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) Infusion-Phytochemical Characterization.

The aim of the study was to characterize phytochemicals in an infusion of the aerial parts of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry UHPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS method, as well as an evaluation of its effects on mediators of the inflammation in an in vitro model of human neutrophils, and antimicrobial activity on selected pathogens. Flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids were the main phenolic components of the extract of tarragon’s aerial parts. The infusion was able to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production. The antimicrobial assay was performed with the use of nine strains of bacteria, both Gram-negative and Gram-positive. Three human pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC14990, and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (methicyllin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) ATCC43300, proved to be the most sensitive to tarragon infusion. Our study demonstrated the antiinflammatory and antimicrobial properties of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.), meaning the common spice may be a prospective source of health-promoting constituents.

Experimental hypothyroidism in adult male rats: the effects of Artemisia dracunculus aqueous extract on serum thyroid hormones, lipid profile, leptin, adiponectin, and antioxidant factors

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder that influences body weight and several aspects of energy metabolism. Today, herbal medicine is focused on the treatment of diseases, especially endocrine disorders. Artemisia dracunculus (Tarragon) is a member of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of Artemisia dracunculus aqueous extract on serum thyroid hormones, lipid profile, leptin, adiponectin, and antioxidant factors in adult male rats with propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism. Forty-eight mature male Albino Wistar rats were housed in standard cages. Hypothyroidism was induced in the rats by the administration of PTU in drinking water to a final concentration of 500 mg/L. This study lasted for 90 days. The animals were divided into six experimental groups (eight rats per each group): (1) normal control; (2) hypothyroid rats + levothyroxine, as positive control (4 μg/100 g/day); (3) hypothyroid rats, as negative control; (4) hypothyroid rats + tarragon aqueous extract (100 mg/kg); (5) hypothyroid rats + tarragon aqueous extract (200 mg/kg); and (6) hypothyroid rats + tarragon aqueous extract (300 mg/kg). Blood samples were obtained using cardiac puncture. In blood samples, thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), thyroxine (T4), and free thyroxine (fT4)), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), leptin, adiponectin, antioxidant elements (malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH)), and lipid profile (triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)) were measured. The serum level of thyroid hormones (T3, fT3, T4, and fT4) decreased in the negative control group compared to the normal control group, but the tarragon extract improved their levels. The levels of fT3 and fT4 were higher in 300 mg/kg tarragon treatment (P 0.05). The tarragon extract increased the TAC level at dose 200 mg/kg and the GSH level in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). The MDA level decreased in the negative control rats, and high dose of tarragon treatment decreased the MDA level compare to the normal control group. The tarragon extract increased the lipid profile. In conclusion, the tarragon aqueous extract could improve thyroid hormones profile in hypothyroidism. Thus, it could be used as co-treatment for hypothyroidism, but further studies are needed to confirm these data.

The Effect of Aqueous Extract of Tarragon on Clinical Symptoms and T Cell Differentiation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the autoimmune diseases that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and causes myelin loss and axonal damage. Recent studies have shown the important role of autoreactive T cells in the pathogenesis of MS. One of the plants in the Astersa family, which has therapeutic benefits is Artemisia dracunculus L. or Tarragon. In this study, the role of aqueous extract of Tarragon in suppressing Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was investigated. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 female mice by Hook kit MOG35-55/CFA Emulsion PTX and one group was treated with Tarragon at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Mice were euthanized on day 33 post-immunization, spleens were removed for assessing Th1, Th17 and Treg cells by flow cytometry. We provided evidence that Tarragon (500 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated clinical scores of EAE. We did not observe significant alterations in T cell differentiation to Th1, Th17 or Treg in the spleen of mice during EAE. This is the first experimental evidence showing that administration of aqueous extract of Tarragon reduces the severity of EAE, but the protective effect of Tarragon is independent of alteration in T cells in the spleen. These results suggest other mechanisms for the effectiveness of this extract in improving the EAE process.

The Synergic Effect of Artemisia Dracunculus (Tarragon) Extract and Aspirin (ASA) on Platelet Function

Background: Coagulation activity of platelets plays an important role in thrombosis formation, Atherosclerotic plaque establishment and cardiovascular disorders. ASA are using as an anti platelet activity drug for patients with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Using of plant extraction as a complementary medicine for these patients (CAD) is mostly recommended by traditional medicine specialist. Objective: In this study we investigated platelet activity after treatment with extract of Artemisia dracunculus (Tarragon) and it’s synergic with ASA treatment. Methods: After preparation of platelets from healthy volunteers, platelets confronted with desired concentrations (125-1000 μg/ml) of methanol extract of Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon) and (0.31-1.26 μg/ml) of (ASA) alone and in combination. The platelet function such as adhesion, aggregation and protein release were assayed on treated platelets and controls. Results: Our results demonstrated that Tarragon extract significantly effective on adhesion, aggregation and protein release in comparison with healthy volunteers platelets (P≤0.001). The Tarragon extract also raised the anti-platelet activity of ASA on these platelets. Conclusion: Tarragon extract, either as single agent or combination with ASA, has been able to induce anti-platelet activity. Therefore, it would be suggested to use of the tarragon extract with or without common treatments, i.e. ASA, in treatments of cardiovascular disorders and patients with deep vein thrombosis.

Potential adverse effects of botanical supplementation in high-fat-fed female mice

BackgroundInsulin resistance underlies metabolic syndrome and is associated with excess adiposity and visceral fat accumulation, which is more frequently observed in males than females. However, in young females, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is rising, mainly driven by accumulation of abdominal visceral fat. The degree to which sex-related differences could influence the development of insulin resistance remains unclear, and studies of potential therapeutic strategies to combat metabolic syndrome using rodent models have focused predominantly on males. We therefore evaluated the effects of two nutritional supplements derived from botanical sources, an extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. (termed PMI5011) and Momordica charantia (commonly known as bitter melon), on female mice challenged with a high-fat diet in order to determine if dietary intake of these supplements could ameliorate obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility in skeletal muscle.MethodsBody composition, physical activity and energy expenditure, fatty acid oxidation, insulin signaling, and gene and protein expression of factors controlling lipid metabolism and ectopic lipid accumulation were evaluated in female mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with either PMI5011 or bitter melon. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired two-tailed t test and repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsPMI5011 supplementation resulted in increased body weight and adiposity, while bitter melon did not induce changes in these parameters. Pyruvate tolerance testing indicated that both supplements increased hepatic glucose production. Both supplements induced a significant suppression in fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle homogenates treated with pyruvate, indicating enhanced metabolic flexibility. PMI5011 reduced lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle, while bitter melon induced a downward trend in lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle and liver. This was accompanied by transcriptional regulation of autophagic genes by bitter melon in the liver.ConclusionsData from the current study indicates that dietary supplementation with PMI5011 and bitter melon evokes a divergent, and generally less favorable, set of metabolic responses in female mice compared to effects previously observed in males. Our findings underscore the importance of considering sex-related variations in responses to dietary supplementation aimed at combating metabolic syndrome.

Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Artemisia dracunculus extract: control of the shape and size by varying synthesis conditions.

In this study, selective green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (nAu) with the use of Tarragon extract (Artemisia dracunculus) was investigated. Characterization of the synthetized nAu was carried out using several techniques including: UV-Vis, SEM, zeta potential analysis, DLS, and ATR-FTIR. Based on measurements of Tarragon extract by HPLC-MS, significant chemical substances participating as reducing and stabilizing agents were identified. FTIR confirmed typical functional groups that could be found in these acids on the nAu surface, such as O-H, C=O and C-O. The effects of various parameters (concentration of Tarragon extract, Au precursor, and initial pH of the synthesis) on the shape and size of the nanoparticles have been investigated. UV-Vis and SEM confirmed the formation of nAu at various concentrations of the extract and Au precursor and showed correlation between the added extract concentration and shift in maximal absorbance towards higher frequencies, indicating the formation of smaller nanoplates. Zeta potential determined at various pH levels revealed that its value decreased with pH, but for all experiments in the pH range of 2.8 to 5.0, the value is below - 30mV, an absolute value high enough for long-term nAu stability. In order to evaluate nAu catalytic activity, the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by sodium borohydride was used as a model system. The reaction takes place 1.5 times faster on Au-triangles than on Au-spherical NPs.

Biosynthesis of silver nanocomposite with Tarragon leaf extract and assessment of antibacterial activity

The aqueous extract of Tarragon, as a reducing agent, was used to synthesize silver–montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite (Ag–MMT-NPs) in the batch method. The leaf extract and metal solution concentrations were optimized to improve Ag–MMT-NPs synthesis in 48 h. For characterizing the nanocomposite, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy were performed. The peak was observed at 437 nm on the UV–Vis spectrum, showing the surface plasmon resonance of Ag–MMT-NPs. Using XRD analysis, the crystalline nature and purity of Ag–MMT-NPs were confirmed. FTIR was used to evaluate specific functional groups, causing a reduction in silver nitrate during Ag–MMT-NPs formation. According to TEM, the average particle size was 25.12 nm in AgNPs. The nanocomposite showed antibacterial properties against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus).Graphical