Sustainable Development Targets Research Articles

Metabarcoding advances agricultural invertebrate biomonitoring by enhancing resolution, increasing throughput and facilitating network inference

Abstract Biomonitoring of agriculturally important insects is increasingly vital given our need to understand: (a) the severity of impacts by pests and pathogens on crop yield and health and (b) the impact of environmental change and land management on insects, in line with sustainable development and global conservation targets. Traditional entomological traps remain an important part of the biomonitoring toolbox, but sample processing is laborious and introduces latency, and accuracy can be variable. The integration of molecular techniques such as environmental DNA and DNA metabarcoding into insect biomonitoring has gained increasing attention, but the advantages of doing so, the kind of data this can generate, and how easily and effectively molecular analyses can be integrated with the diverse types of entomological traps currently used remains relatively unclear. In this review, we examine how combining DNA metabarcoding with a range of conventional and unconventional entomological sampling techniques can advance biomonitoring in a way that is useful to researchers and practitioners. We highlight some of the key challenges and how to mitigate them, using examples of its integration with different sampling methods from the literature (e.g., interception, pitfall and sticky traps) to demonstrate efficacy and suitability. We discuss how metabarcoding data can be used to infer ecological networks, emphasizing the importance of this as a framework for understanding species interactions and ecosystem functioning for more effective and descriptive biomonitoring. Finally, future advances in biomonitoring are highlighted, alongside recommendations of best practice for researchers both new to and experienced in invertebrate biomonitoring with metabarcoding.

Research on the critical role of clean energy for dual carbon targets

Dual-carbon targets typically refer to the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to almost zero in order to address the challenges of climate change and global warming. Achieving the dual-carbon goal means taking significant steps to reduce carbon emissions, promoting the adoption of clean energy, improving energy efficiency, and adopting sustainable development practices to mitigate the effects of climate change. This study aims to assess the critical role of clean energy in achieving the dual carbon goals. This study is organized around the concept of dual carbon goals. These goals involve an integrated approach to combating climate change by significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions to near-zero levels. The main objective is to address the challenges posed by climate change and global warming. This thesis will explore various strategies and approaches to achieve emission reductions. Clean energy plays a pivotal role in achieving the dual-carbon goal. The study focuses on the importance of clean energy sources such as renewable energy (e.g., wind, solar) in reducing carbon emissions. Sustainable development practices are mentioned as part of the approach to mitigating the effects of climate change. This suggests that the study could also explore the wider implications of dual carbon targets for sustainable development. This study used literature and descriptive research methods, relying on existing data, literature, and descriptive analysis to assess the current role of clean energy and how dual carbon targets could be achieved in the future.

Global Transformations: Trends towards Increasing Instability and Sustainable Development Drivers in Current Situation

The ongoing global transformations and the high turbulence of global processes call into question sustainability of development of most countries, make it necessary to identify factors leading to instability and search for drivers of sustainable development in current situation. The conducted research allowed us to determine that the trends towards increasing instability are mainly determined by the processes of deglobalization, the dominance of maximizing production and consumption ideas, increasing social inequality, uneven distribution of resources between the environmental, social, and economic components of sustainable development, human violation of the laws of biosphere development, insufficient environmental protection measures, the consequences of recent crises, international conflicts, disadvantages of management. The considered factors of instability growth, the strengthening of their influence and the associated risks led to setting a new task: to determine what can be a driver of stability in modern difficult situation. Our study shows that positive impulses for sustainable development include: the dissemination of ideas and steps towards the implementation of the green economy; the establishment of specific deadlines for achieving targets of sustainable development by many countries; the development of technological sovereignty of countries based on a green worldview; the implementation of the concept of sustainable development not only by governments, but also at the micro level — by companies; the emergence of new financial instruments, in particular, green and social bonds to attract capital and invest in projects with environmental and social benefits; advances in the taxonomy of green finance. An important result of the study is the conclusion that despite the possibility of deceleration in certain periods, sustainable development is a long-term trend in the functioning of our civilization and further research should be aimed at improving management decisions to support it in the short and long term.

Unveiling Digital Transformation: A Catalyst for Enhancing Food Security and Achieving Sustainable Development Goals at the European Union Level.

The digital revolution is reshaping various aspects of society, including having a profound impact on food security and the advancement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study investigates the relationship between digital transformation, quantified through the components of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), and SDGs related to food (SDG1, SDG2, SDG3, and SDG10), along with the overall SDG Index score. The data used for investigation are sourced from reports issued by the European Commission concerning DESI, as well as the SDG reports for the period from 2017 to 2022. The paper elucidates how different components of digitalization, such as connectivity, digital skills, internet usage, and digital public services, influence the attainment of food security objectives and broader sustainable development targets using structural equation modeling and cluster analysis. The findings underscore the pivotal role of digital technologies in enhancing poverty alleviation, health and well-being, and, in particular, mitigating inequality. This study contributes to understanding the complex relationship between digital transformation and food security, offering insights for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders aiming to leverage technology for advancing SDGs and fostering a more equitable and sustainable future.

Balancing protection and production in ocean conservation

AbstractWith the acceleration of the global biodiversity and climate crises, the need to protect and sustainably manage ocean resources has never been greater. However, the science needed to integrate ocean protection (through marine protected areas and OECMs) and sustainable production in the blue economy (particularly pelagic fisheries) remains underdeveloped and contested. The scientific divide and the knowledge gaps still remaining have created serious real-world challenges for practitioners seeking to reconcile protection and production approaches, and is hindering progress in achieving global conservation targets. Here, we identify the vital science necessary to bring together the “twin pillars” of protection and production, integrating mutually reinforcing meaningful protections at scale, while also driving management of production systems to internationally accepted sustainability standards. The research community must rapidly develop this new horizon of ocean science – particularly in pelagic ecosystems - to aid countries and practitioners in achieving global conservation and sustainable development targets.

Artificial intelligence for SDG 4 of the 2030 agenda: Transforming education to achieve quality, equality, and inclusion

The objective of this article is to discuss the possibility of using generative artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance teaching practices and pedagogical support to improve the quality of education provided to young people in elementary and secondary schooling. This issue is linked to the global perspective of a shortage of teachers, which directly affects the Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), concerning the enhancement of education quality as a target for global sustainable development. From this viewpoint, the potential use of AI may also relate to the improvement of educational quality and the reduction of social inequalities, yielding indirect effects on other sustainable development goals. As a method, we intend to conduct an extensive theoretical discussion addressing the challenges for teacher education and work worldwide, utilizing existing data from databases such as UNESCO, the UN, and the OECD, among others. In addition to data on teachers, we plan to analyze the potential for creating an artificial intelligence, based on existing ones but trained for the specific contexts of each country’s educational system. The goal is to examine the potential for formatting artificial intelligence to provide pedagogical support for teachers, such as: grading of objective and discursive assessments, individualized intelligent tutoring, analysis of students’ individual pedagogical development, preparation of individual student diagnoses, suggestions of specific pedagogical actions based on curricula and materials used, and all other pedagogical actions that support teachers in their educational journey. This work was funded by CAPES, CNPq and FAPEMIG.

Understanding key factors for strengthening Nepal’s healthcare needs: health systems perspectives

Background Nepal’s health policy environment and health-care delivery system has changed over the last 25 years, during which it witnessed a significant progress in improving citizens’ access to healthcare services. However, a combination of factors intrinsic to the nation continue to influence health service delivery producing variable health outcomes. Given the nation’s target towards achieving universal health coverage and sustainable development targets, there is a need to review and understand the functioning of Nepal’s health system, its strengths, challenges, and opportunities. The review aims to explore the key health system factors influencing health services and healthcare needs, and forge actionable recommendations for the future. # Methods The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for identifying the relevant literature between 2001 and 2023. A total of 300 articles were obtained from the initial search, out of which 42 full text articles were selected for an in-depth review. The literature was analysed to identify the broad themes relevant to Nepal’s health system, and the findings were synthesized narratively under each theme. # Results The review highlights various factors influencing health services and healthcare needs by describing the historical development of Nepal’s healthcare delivery system, its current scenario, health expenditure, health system challenges and opportunities ahead. The evolution of Nepal’s health system has been both significant and responsive. # Conclusions The change in the governance structure and adoption of primary healthcare approach present the nation with ample opportunities to further the scope of the nation’s existing health sector initiatives and outcomes.

STRATEGIC CONTROLLING TOOLS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF UKRAINIAN AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES

The subject of the study is the system of strategic control in an organisation, which is necessary for agri-food companies in the context of implementing the principles of sustainable development. Methodology. The following economic research methods were used in the study: monographic method (when studying scientific sources and reviewing thematic literature; studying the directions of sustainable development of business entities in the agri-food sector of Ukraine); scientific abstraction and generalisation (when studying various methodological approaches to determining the content of controlling); abstract and logical method (when determining the role and place of strategic controlling in the management system of agri-food companies, formulating conclusions based on the results of the study); methods of analysis and synthesis (when substantiating a set of tools for strategic controlling by elements of its system). The aim of the study is to supplement the methodological framework of the strategic controlling system for managing companies in the agri-food sector. Results. Controlling is an important management function, and its effectiveness determines the success of an organisation in achieving its goals and objectives. In modern conditions, strategic controlling can be combined with two main approaches – as a management philosophy and as a management function and mechanism. The system of strategic controlling is determined by a set of complex factors of the external and internal environment that determine the possibility of achieving the long-term goals and objectives. The implementation of sustainable development goals and objectives by agri-food companies creates new requirements for the strategic controlling system, the main of which are transparency, flexibility, inclusiveness, openness and efficiency. In order to successfully achieve the planned targets of sustainable development, the strategic controlling system should use a set of tools that is determined by the nature and effect of the relevant elements. It is proposed to use benchmarking, ABC-analysis, SWOT-analysis, PESTEL-analysis, methods of expert evaluation, CVP-analysis, financial analysis, network graphs and methods of expert forecasting as the main tools for strategic controlling of agri-food companies.

Factors influencing inequality in government health expenditures within African regional economic communities

BackgroundThe unequal distribution of government health spending within African regional economic groupings is a significant barrier to achieving Universal Health Coverage and reaching health-related Sustainable Development targets. It also hampers the progress toward achieving the African Union’s vision of an integrated and prosperous Africa, free of its heavy disease burden. Based on panel data from 36 countries nested into eight Regional Economic Communities (RECs), this study probes the effects of countries' macro-level factors on government health expenditure disparities within eight regional economic communities from 2000 to 2019.MethodWe use the multilevel linear mixed-effect method to show whether countries' trade gains, life expectancy at birth, poverty, urbanization, information and communication technology, and population aging worsen or reduce the differences for two government health expenditure indicators.ResultsThe insignificant effect of GDP per capita suggests that in most regional economic groupings, the health sector is still not considered a high-priority sector regarding overall government expenditures. Countries' poverty levels and urbanization increase the domestic general government health expenditure disparities as a percentage of general government expenditure within the regional groupings. However, trade gains and ICT diffusion reduce these disparities. Furthermore, the results reveal that external health expenditure per capita and life expectancy at birth positively impact within-regional inequalities in the domestic general government health expenditure per capita. In contrast, GDP per capita and trade gains tend to reduce them.ConclusionsThis study enriches the research on the determinants of government health expenditure inequality in Africa. Policies that can spur growth in trade and ICT access should be encouraged. Countries should also make more efforts to reduce poverty. Governments should also develop policies promoting economic growth and planned urbanization.

أثر استخدام الخدمات المصرفية الإلكترونية عبر الهاتف النقال لتحقيق الشمول المالي وانعكاساتها على التنمية المستدامة

The study aimed to investigate the impact of using mobile banking services through mobile phones on achieving financial inclusion and its implications for sustainable development. The descriptive analytical approach was employed and a questionnaire was used as a data collection tool from 439)) users of mobile banking services (Mobile Money) at the Cooperative and Agricultural Credit Bank. The data was statistically analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results showed the significance of the study's multiple models in representing the relationship between the independent variable (use of mobile banking services), the intermediate variable (financial inclusion) and the dependent variable (sustainable development). The findings revealed that customers' use of mobile banking services has a positive effect on achieving financial inclusion and positively reflects on sustainable development as well. The study's model explained about 65% of the variance in sustainable development goals. It was found that there is a significant positive relationship between all the variables. To assess the strength of relationships in the assumed model, a statistical analysis of the Survey data was done according to the structural equation model (SEM) using the Analysis Moment of Structures program (AMOS) supported by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program (SPSS). The study recommended enhancing cooperation between banks and relevant entities to expand financial inclusion and achieve sustainable development. In conclusion, the study provided empirical evidence on the role of mobile banking in promoting financial inclusion and its contributions towards realizing sustainable development targets.

Causal analysis of Canada’s environment-growth nexus for inclusive development metrics

Little is known about the relevance of alternative measures of growth in environmental and developmental economic analyses. In Canada, for example, no literature exists on whether there is a causal link between the level of environmental performance and alternative measures of economic progress (which are argued to better capture the overall economic wellbeing than the gross domestic product—GDP). As environmental policies may relate to overall economic wellbeing, we opine that understanding overall economic progress is essential for achieving sustainable development and emissions reduction targets. This paper addresses a knowledge gap by assessing the causal links and directions between Canada’s national-level greenhouse gas emissions (GHG—as an indicator of environmental performance) and three alternative measures of economic growth, namely, gross national disposable income (GNDI), human development index (HDI), and index of economic freedom (IEF); from 1995 to 2019. Our results indicate that causality exists between Canada’s GHG and the alternative growth measures. This implies that Canada’s GNDI, HDI, and IEF may be useful and complementary to GDP in forecasting the national-level total GHG emissions. The research provides insights to further consider the role of overall economic wellbeing in the quest for sustainable, lower-emissions, economic development in Canada and by extension in other nations.

Tripartite relationship of urban planning, city growth, and health for sustainable development in Akure, Nigeria

We live in an urban planet. As the world continues to urbanize, urban development that support the health and wellbeing of city dwellers is far more important than ever before to achieve sustainable development targets. This study explores the complex relationship among urban planning, city growth, and health as critical drivers of sustainable development in the rapidly growing nodal city of Akure, Nigeria. The study provides a four-decade spatio-temporal model of urban Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes in Akure between the years 1984 and 2023 from acquired Landsat satellite imageries. The result shows more than 20% net change increase in developed LULC classes between the study years. A strong positive correlation exists between the years covered in the analyses and urban development (r = 0.93, p = 0.002), and a strong negative relationship with the forest land use (r = −0.94, p = 0.002) with potential debilitating impacts on residents’ health, green infrastructures and the city’s sustainability in the future. Furthermore, results of key informant interviews (KIIs) of officials of the Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development (MPPUD) in Akure, Ondo State, unveil various views on the “place of health” in urban planning practices in Akure. A lack of synergy between urban planners and public health practitioners in the city and limiting scope of functions of urban planning on the impact of health in Akure were observed. Thus, we recommend the integration of a sustainable urban planning approach as a guide to manage the city.

Empowering sustainability practices through energy transition: The role of digital economy and technological innovation among BRICS economies

AbstractAchieving sustainable development targets requires major changes in the existing economic structure and a transition from a pollution‐intensive energy system to a clean one. The role of the digital economy (DE) in this regard has received much attention in recent eras. However, there is little literature investigating the relationship between the DE and the energy transition in the presence of technological innovation. This study's aim, grounded in the sustainability agenda, is to explore the possible impact of DE and technological innovation on the energy transition for the BRICS nations from 2003 to 2021. Using the most recent Moments Quantile Regression method, the results reveal that the DE can contribute significantly to achieving SDG‐7 by promoting energy transition. While technological innovation does not significantly influence the energy transition. Moreover, economic development is hindering the energy transition in the BRICS countries. Several alternative estimation methods have been applied to confirm the robustness of the results. The empirical results conclude that governments should build digital infrastructure and encourage innovation in the energy sector by supporting energy‐related patents. The detailed policy implications are presented in the study.

Educating the glocalised citizen: fusing Islamic values with Global Citizenship in an international school in Qatar

ABSTRACT This paper explores how Global citizenship supported by SDG Target 4.7 and the overlapping IB concept of international mindedness interact with the Islamic traditions in an international school in Qatar, where the majority of students are locals. The paper discusses how the studied school attempts to fuse Sustainable Development Target 4.7 and the International Baccalaureate’s concept of international mindedness with Islamic values. The paper deploys Basil Bernstein’s sociological work to analyse the dynamics and ways the school navigates its local and global objectives. The studied institution aims to forge Qatari students who can internalise the Islamic values and Global Citizenship commitments espoused by the UN’s sustainable development Goals. The paper will be divided into two main sections. The first will be theoretical and analyse the extent of convergence and divergence between Islamic values and SDG Target 4.7, accentuating the importance of Global Citizenship Education. Additionally, the study will elaborate on the IB concept of international mindedness and its similarity and differences to Global Citizenship, which is underpinned by SDGs. The second section will offer an ethnographic account of the school’s rituals in which GCE and Islamic values are conflated.

Breaking barriers toward a net‐zero economy

AbstractFollowing The Paris Agreement and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a significant number of nations globally have pledged to achieve net‐zero emissions by 2050. The goal is to lower emissions while emphasizing economically and socially sustainable practices. To meet these sustainable development targets, some countries have introduced industry‐specific roadmaps, showing how nations can systematically allocate resources to attain net zero, which includes balancing energy and production needs with existing energy sources. Such a transformation will inevitably encounter obstacles, particularly in reducing reliance on non‐renewable fuels and mitigating existing emissions. This study focuses on identifying these impediments to achieving a net‐zero economy. Utilizing the novel concept of plithogenic sets, the study examines the interdependent relationships among various barriers, providing insights into navigating these constraints. The findings reveal external, economic, and policy and framework obstacles and their subsequent impact on organizational and technological challenges that must be surmounted to reach net‐zero status.

Political Leadership and Education for Sustainable Development in Nigeria: An Assessment of Akwa Ibom State Universal Basic Education Board (SUBEB), Uyo

Education for sustainable Development (ESD) targets at acquisition of knowledge, skills, values and attitudinal changes in both formal and informal sectors to increased productive population in the state for job creation and economic self-reliance of the people in present generation without compromising the future generations. However, a gap exists as most leaders in the state failed to give top priority to education as potential nexus for development in Nigeria. Corruption among leaders in the education sector was identified as a major drawback to education in developing economies. The main objective of the study was to examine the relationship between political leadership and ESD in Nigeria with reference to Akwa Ibom State Universal Basic Education Board (SUBEB) using Education Index proxied by literacy rate (average adult year of schooling and expected year of schooling), education budget/implementation, quality and access to education. Descriptive research and Survey of study population of about 40,266 comprising of appointed education officials in 2,826 schools affiliated to SUBEB with sample size of 380 determined using Krejcie and Morgan table (1970). Simple random and stratified random sampling techniques were used to administer 12 items questionnaire on the respondents. Simple percentage, Pearson Moment Correlation Co-efficient and tabular form were adopted for data presentation and analysis. The study among others revealed that: Political leadership has significant direct relationship with ESD in Akwa Ibom State. It recommended policy reforms to reduce anomalies in educational management and adequate funding to meet UNESCO education budget baseline of 26%, employment of more qualified teachers, training and re-training of teachers to develop technical skills in entrepreneurship education; provision of libraries, laboratories and other facilities for modern research/innovations.

Phycoremediation - A Clean Technology for Water Pollution Abatement

Phycoremediation has been utilised to remediate wastewater and successfully lower nutrient levels. There isn’t many research, though, on how well phycoremediation works to lower nitrogen levels in eutrophic lakes. This review concentrates on the process and variables involved in using algae. Before considering the possibility of algal-based approaches in remediating lake eutrophication, to remove nutrients and contaminants from wastewater. Algal biofilm, algal grass scrubbers, high-rate algal ponds (HRAP), and immobilised algae are methods used in phycoremediation of wastewater. A wastewater treatment method based on microalgae lowers BOD, prevents coli forms, eliminates pollutants and nutrients, and removes heavy metals. The sixth sustainable development target of the UNDP cannot be attained without phytoremediation. Microalgae can effectively treat wastewater at a very low cost, and the biomass they produce can be used to produce biofuels. The cost-effective growing of microalgae and contaminants with wastewater can be replaced by the successful coupling of microalgae with wastewater, which can also scale up production of high-value products. This review mainly focused on the potential of algae and their specific mechanisms involved in wastewater treatment and energy recovery systems leading to important industrial precursors. The review is highly beneficial for scientists, wastewater treatment plant operators, freshwater managers, and industrial communities to support the sustainable development of natural resources. Keywords: Algae, Biodegradation, Pollutant removal, Phycoremediation, Wastewater treatment.

Quantification of systemic importance of SDGs in Asian‐African countries: A network hierarchy analysis

AbstractAsian‐African countries face challenges in achieving the 2030 Agenda and require scientific support for progress. Studies have focused on reorganizing important Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and targets to assess their priorities in these countries considering internal interactions. While previous studies mainly considered first‐order interactions among SDGs, some scholars have emphasized the significance of high‐order interactions that amplify SDG impacts and lead to systemic transformations. To address this, we propose a network hierarchy analysis‐based method to quantify what we called “systemic importance” of SDGs considering high‐order interactions of SDGs in 26 Asian‐African countries using country‐specific target level interaction networks. By analyzing the results, we draw the following conclusions. Goals 13–17 have the highest systemic importance, with the majority of targets being important in the system. Goals with lower systemic importance still include exceptional targets, such as targets related to technological capacity, international representation, and scholarships within Goals 4, 10, and 12, respectively. The rankings of systemic importance for targets and SDGs are similar among the 26 Asian‐African countries, but Lao PDR and Indonesia exhibit larger numerical ranges that require further attention to systemically important targets and goals. Additionally, certain countries show significantly higher systemic importance in specific goals, such as Goal 4 in the Republic of Korea and Goal 7 in Singapore. This study offers quantitative support for prioritizing SDGs in Asian‐African countries by considering the profound impacts resulting from high‐order interactions.

Remote Sensing-Based Outdoor Thermal Comfort Assessment in Local Climate Zones in the Rural–Urban Continuum of eThekwini Municipality, South Africa

Due to the need to continuously monitor and understand the thermal environment and its socioeconomic implications, this study used remotely sensed data to analyze thermal comfort variation in LCZs, including along the rural to urban gradient of the eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. LCZs were mapped using multi-temporal and multi-spectral Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 data using the approach by World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT), while thermal data were used to retrieve land surface temperatures (LSTs). Data for training classification of LCZs and accuracy assessment were digitized from GoogleEarth guided by knowledge gained and data collected during a field survey in March 2022 as well as pre-existing maps. LCZs were mapped using the random forest classifier in SAGA GIS software while a single channel algorithm based on band 10 was used to compute LST for different scenes. The LSTs were adjusted and further used to derive thermal comfort based on the Universal Thermal Comfort Index (UTCI) categories as an indicator for outdoor thermal comfort on the extremely low- and extremely high-temperature periods in the cool and hot seasons, respectively. LCZs were mapped with high accuracy (overall accuracy of 90.1% and kappa of 0.88) while inter-class separability was high (>1.5) for all LCZ pairs. Built-up LCZs dominate the eastern parts of the municipality, signifying the influence of the sea on development within the area. Average LST was coolest in the dense forest, open low-rise and water LCZs in the cool and hot seasons, respectively. The compact high-rise LCZ was the warmest in both the hot (36 °C) and the cool (23 °C) seasons. The sea sands were among coolest regions in both seasons due to their high water content, attributed to their high water table and close proximity to the ocean. There was no thermal stress during the cool season, while most areas recorded moderate to strong heat stress in the hot season. Some areas in the densely built-up LCZs recorded very strong heat stress in the hot season. The findings suggest that policies and strategies should enhance heat mitigation capacities in strong-heat-stress areas during the hot season. Municipal authorities and citizens must work together to build strategies to minimize temperature extremes and associated socioeconomic pressures. Urban development policies, plans and strategies should consider implications on the thermal environment as well as the value of conservation of LCZs with high-heat mitigation value such as dense forests and expansion of built-up LCZs with low-heat absorption levels such as open low-rise. The study was based mainly on remotely sensed temperatures with some ground data used to validate results, which may limit the assessment. Overall, the study provides insights towards achievement of global sustainable and climate-smart development targets.

PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP BIDAN TERHADAP TINDAKAN BIDAN DALAM INISIASI MENYUSUI DINI (IMD) PADA IBU BERSALIN

Based on the results of the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (SDKI) in 2017, the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) shows 24 per 1000 live births, the Neonatal Mortality Rate (AKN) is 15 per 1000 live births and the Infant Mortality Rate (AKABA) is 32 per 1000 live births. However, the mortality rate for neonates, infants and toddlers is expected to continue to decline. Interventions that can support child survival are shown to be able to reduce IMR to 10 per 1000 live births and IMR to 16 per 1000 live births in 2024. Meanwhile, in accordance with sustainable development targets. AKABA is expected to reach 18.8 per 1000 live births in 2030. In recent years, the government has begun to aggressively promote the provision of IMD from the first hour of birth for babies aged 0-6 months. This effort received very good support and broad coverage, one of which was from the Association of Indonesian Breastfeeding Mothers (AIMI), the aim of the research was to determine the influence of Midwives' Knowledge and Attitudes on Midwives' Actions in Early Breastfeeding Initiation in Maternity Women. This research method uses a systematic literature review of 6 articles, carried out via the Google Scholar search engine using Indonesian, in selecting research articles using inclusion criteria, namely the theme of the article content, time period, year of publication, language, subject, method, sample and type of article. , for exclusion criteria including the theme of the article content, time period, type of article. The results of the research showed that 4 articles stated that there was an influence of knowledge and attitudes on IMD measures for mothers in labor, while 2 studies stated that there was no influence of knowledge and attitudes towards IMD measures for mothers in labor. Conclusions from the research include the influence of midwives' knowledge and attitudes on midwives' actions in IMD for women giving birth. Suggestions for midwives can increase their knowledge and attitudes by attending higher education, training, workshop, seminars and seeking information about IMD.