Target User Group Research Articles

Designing visual hierarchies for the communication of health data.

Visual hierarchy underlies all visual design decisions related to information presentation. This manuscript describes the experience of a multidisciplinary health data visualization and software design team in using visual hierarchy to redesign a hereditary colorectal cancer lab report. A series of interviews with representative users were conducted to identify target user groups and determine information hierarchy for each user type. Visual elements (eg, size, color, contrast, etc.) were then assigned to mirror the information hierarchy and workflow for each user type. User research identified 2 distinct user groups as consumers of the redesigned lab report. An interactive design employing a 2-level page hierarchy was developed, which stratified the content to support the needs of each user type. The challenges related to displaying the complex nature of digital and personal health data can be addressed by applying foundational design methods such as visual hierarchy. Visual hierarchy, a foundational design principle, can be used by visualization teams to clearly and efficiently present complex datasets associated with healthcare.

Accessibility in Human Computer Interaction and Human Robot Interaction: A brief review on definitions, developers guidelines, laws and regulations

This paper presents an exploratory study of accessibility in both Human Computer Interaction and Human Robot Interaction focusing on its intersection with interrelated concepts such as usability and inclusive design. It underscores the overreaching goal of these concepts in improving the user experience and provide equal access to all user interfaces, albeit with different targeted user groups. Furthermore, the study presents a short review on main accessibility laws and developers guidelines for both Human Computer Interaction and Human Robot Interaction. The review reveals a remarkable gap in accessibility laws and guidelines for Human Robot Interaction, hence, there is an urgent need to broader initiatives and efforts from authorities, researchers community, and industry stakeholders to formulate and create accessibility laws and developers guidelines pertaining to Human Robot Interaction products, where no such laws or guidelines were found in this study, except an individual initiative by the author, which includes a proposal dedicated to help developer in creating accessible interfaces for Socially Assistive Robots. This paper also discusses some practical challenges in implementing accessibility guidelines in HCI and HRI interfaces.

Evaluating User Experience and Functionality in Blood Pressure Mobile Applications

A systematic review is carried out of all at present accessible blood pressure applications for the working frameworks iOS and Android. We considered the quantity of recently released blood pressure applications, target user groups, acquisition cost, range of functions, languages, available interfaces, user ratings and connection among acquisition cost and user ratings. Furthermore, we analyzed regardless of whether the accessible applications serve the exceptional needs of blood pressure patients by carrying expert-based usability evaluation. We distinguished applicable watchwords, near classifications, and their determinations. In this manner, we played out the application audit dependent on the data given in the Google Play Store, the Apple App Store, and the applications themselves. Moreover, we did an expert based ease of use assessment based with respect to a representation of 10% example of blood pressure applications. An immense number of blood pressure applications as of now exist, yet the majority offer comparable functionalities and join just a single to two functionalities in one application. Patients and doctors alike ought to be associated with the application development procedure to a more prominent degree. We expect that the transmission of well-being parameters to doctors will acquire significance in future applications. The convenience of blood pressure applications for patients established was moderate to great. In any case, this outcome is connected fundamentally to applications offering a small range of functionalities. Multifunctional applications performed significantly more terribly in terms of ease of use. Besides, the presence of documentation or examination work fundamentally brought down usability scores.

The Research of EEG Headset of Brain–Computer Interface for Artificial Intelligence-Related Applications

Over the past decade, a wide range of brain–computer interface (BCI) applications with artificial intelligence (AI) assistance have emerged. While using a head-mounted electroencephalogram (EEG) device for BCI application, it often requires a user to wear the device close to the scalp so that clear EEG signals can be obtained from the head directly. Those signals can be used to determine a user’s mental state. Due to the head size differences between Chinese and European users, as well as the differences between Chinese users themselves, EEG headsets with fixed-electrode-point will enable some electrodes fail to capture a user’s EEG data accurately. Combined with previous research and related design methodology, the design of a head-mounted EEG device is proposed in this paper. In this study, Chinese youth are regarded as the target user group. After evaluating different designs of device structures, the possible positions and movement methods of electrodes, an EEG headset with movable electrodes for young Chinese users is finally delivered.

User satisfaction-based prioritisation of attributes influencing walk accessibility to metro stations: A multi-attribute decision making approach

The current study suggests a user satisfaction-based approach to prioritise attributes influencing walk accessibility to metro stations in Delhi, India. The target user group of the present study includes metro users who access the metro stations by walking. Responses from 466 such users are collected using smart tablets through face-to-face interviews. User satisfaction ratings towards twelve walk accessibility influencing attributes identified in the study are recorded on a six-point Likert-type ordinal rating scale. The study engages a comparative Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) approach comprising three prominent techniques, viz., Relative to an Identified Distribution Integral Transformation (RIDIT), Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for analysing the collected perception database and prioritising the attributes based on user satisfaction. The study outcomes identify ‘Extreme Weather Conditions’, ‘Illumination’, ‘Universal Design Considerations’ and ‘Safety and Security’ as the poorly performing attributes based on user perception and require immediate interventions. Spearman’s rank-order correlation analysis is performed to compare the attribute priority ranks derived from the three methods. The research findings can be useful to transportation planners, policymakers and enforcement officials in formulating and implementing strategies to allocate funds based on user-identified priorities for improving walk accessibility to metro stations.

Smart LPG Regulator

The Smart LPG Regulator is designed to oversee the regulation of pressurized steel gas cylinders in residential households. The primary goal of this project is to prevent the potential risks associated with LPG gas leaks, including the loss of life, injuries, and health concerns. The system is equipped to identify gas leaks and issue auditory and visual alerts through a buzzer, a display, and a servo motor, which promptly closes the gas cylinder regulator to terminate the gas supply. The LPG Gas Detector (MQ6) is a suitable sensor with high sensitivity to Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), including propane, proficient, isobutene, and natural gas. It is also capable of detecting easily flammable gases, mainly methane. Data collected by the MQ6 sensor is processed by the Atmega 328P microcontroller and presented through the output components. The LCD screen will display 'GAS LEAK,' the buzzer will sound an alarm, and the servo motor will continue to close the regulator valve on the gas cylinder. The MQ6 sensor can identify gas leaks from the gas cylinder, gas pipes, or kitchen stove burners. One significant advantage of this system is its ability to shut off the gas cylinder supply, indirectly preventing accidents and injuries. The system's design is tailored to accommodate the standard size of gas cylinders used in residential homes, with domestic consumers as the target user group.

User-tailored visualization of simulation and sensor data for efficient crisis management

The availability of all relevant data in a situation report is key for efficient crisis management. The digital twin concept allows for comprehensive data accumulation, both from real-world sensors as well as augmented by simulations. However, the excessive amount and detail of data can hinder usability and discourage users or impede efficient decision making. To still benefit from such emerging technologies, user-tailored data visualization with appropriate filtering and processing is recommended. This work promotes the use of a standardized data aggregation in order to optimize customized data processing through implementation into existing platforms for crisis management. The concept is showcased for three well-established platforms with data accumulated from a standardized digital twin representation of urban critical infrastructure and emergency units. Each of the examples focuses on different facets of visualization as typically demanded by the respective target user group.

A Study of Information Architecture and Interaction

In the current era of rapid development of information, the field of visual communication design carries the important mission of conveying information and optimizing user experience. This study aims to deeply analyze the core principles and strategies of information architecture and interaction design in visual communication design, as well as the relevance and importance of the two in enhancing design efficiency and user experience. Through the form of case studies, this paper specifies the strategies and methods for building effective information architecture in visual communication design projects, such as target user group analysis, information classification and organization, and navigation system design. The research focuses on the practical and theoretical foundations of interaction design, and explains the key role of interaction design in enhancing user experience and information interactivity. The paper meticulously explores the basic principles of interaction design, such as consistency, feedback, and control, and how these principles can be applied in visual communication design to build intuitive and efficient user interfaces. This paper proposes a multidimensional optimization strategy, including interdisciplinary teamwork, user research and testing, and iterative design, to promote the effective integration of information architecture and interaction design. To summarize, this study not only delves into the application and practice of information architecture and interaction design in visual communication design, but also provides a set of theoretical frameworks and practical design strategies for designers and researchers, with a view to advancing the field of visual communication design to a higher goal by improving the interactability of information and user experience.

You have interrupted me again!: making voice assistants more dementia-friendly with incremental clarification.

In spontaneous conversation, speakers seldom have a full plan of what they are going to say in advance: they need to conceptualise and plan incrementally as they articulate each word in turn. This often leads to long pauses mid-utterance. Listeners either wait out the pause, offer a possible completion, or respond with an incremental clarification request (iCR), intended to recover the rest of the truncated turn. The ability to generate iCRs in response to pauses is therefore important in building natural and robust everyday voice assistants (EVA) such as Amazon Alexa. This becomes crucial with people with dementia (PwDs) as a target user group since they are known to pause longer and more frequently, with current state-of-the-art EVAs interrupting them prematurely, leading to frustration and breakdown of the interaction. In this article, we first use two existing corpora of truncated utterances to establish the generation of clarification requests as an effective strategy for recovering from interruptions. We then proceed to report on, analyse, and release SLUICE-CR: a new corpus of 3,000 crowdsourced, human-produced iCRs, the first of its kind. We use this corpus to probe the incremental processing capability of a number of state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) by evaluating (1) the quality of the model's generated iCRs in response to incomplete questions and (2) the ability of the said LLMs to respond correctly after the users response to the generated iCR. For (1), our experiments show that the ability to generate contextually appropriate iCRs only emerges at larger LLM sizes and only when prompted with example iCRs from our corpus. For (2), our results are in line with (1), that is, that larger LLMs interpret incremental clarificational exchanges more effectively. Overall, our results indicate that autoregressive language models (LMs) are, in principle, able to both understand and generate language incrementally and that LLMs can be configured to handle speech phenomena more commonly produced by PwDs, mitigating frustration with today's EVAs by improving their accessibility.

One size does not fit all: Three tools and approaches for soundscape simulations

We present a reflection on three prototypes of real-time interactive soundscape simulators aimed at supporting participatory urban sound planning and interventions. These prototypes were developed as part of the Sounds in the City cross-sectoral partnership through an iterative process involving various stakeholders. Each prototype enables different ways to manipulate soundscapes through tailored interfaces and audio/visual outputs, targeting different types of users. The first version is audio-only and uses live music tools for Ambisonics spatialization, with limited environmental modeling for co-design exercises with urban and sound professionals. The second version builds on the idea of the first and adds acoustic modeling. It was used to assess the impact of sound installations in public spaces through research-creation involving sound artists and residents. The last version utilizes (desktop or head-mounted) virtual reality with binaural rendering, immersing the user in an audio-visual city to raise sound awareness and support urban soundscape design. We emphasize that there is no one-size-fits-all tool. Rather, we highlight how different tools are needed for different auralization tasks and target user groups. These tools are presented through examples of early-stage conceptualization, educational components, creative processes, laboratory-based soundscape assessments, and both individual and participatory design sessions.

Evaluating the delivery of physical activity for people with developmental disabilities using an online knowledge translation approach: part 1 – web accessibility

Background: Knowledge-to-action gap exists in delivering physical activity (PA) to people with developmental disabilities via online platforms. Although web-based platforms have great potential in facilitating the delivery of PA for this target group, the lack of knowledge regarding web accessibility poses a challenge in accessing PA-related information online.Objective: This study evaluates the delivery of PA in terms of web accessibility. It also aims to identify barriers and facilitators in delivering PA knowledge to people with developmental disabilities online to improve web accessibility for the target user group.Methods: The study employs a concurrent nested design incorporating both quantitative (web usability questionnaire) and qualitative data (in-depth interviews). Fifteen pairs of individuals consisting of a person with developmental disabilities and a primary caregiver participated in the study, and three web-based platforms were selected for web accessibility tests and in-depth interviews.Results: The nested analysis provides a quantitative comparison of web accessibility and identifies barriers and facilitators of delivering PA for the target user group from the web accessibility perspective. Conclusion: The study findings could inform the development of accessible online platforms that distribute health-related knowledge to populations with developmental disabilities. Additionally, they could help enhance the design of other platforms intended for these populations.

Development of a Decision Aid for Family Surrogate Decision Makers of Critically Ill Patients Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy in ICU: A User-Centered Design for Rapid Prototyping

ObjectiveRenal replacement therapy (RRT) is increasingly adopted for critically ill patients diagnosed with acute kidney injury, but the optimal time for initiation remains unclear and prognosis is uncertain, leading to medical complexity, ethical conflicts, and decision dilemmas in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. This study aimed to develop a decision aid (DA) for the family surrogate of critically ill patients to support their engagement in shared decision-making process with clinicians. MethodsDevelopment of DA employed a systematic process with user-centered design (UCD) principle, which included: (i) competitive analysis: searched, screened, and assessed the existing DAs to gather insights for design strategies, developmental techniques, and functionalities; (ii) user needs assessment: interviewed family surrogates in our hospital to explore target user group's decision-making experience and identify their unmet needs; (iii) evidence syntheses: integrate latest clinical evidence and pertinent information to inform the content development of DA. ResultsThe competitive analysis included 16 relevant DAs, from which we derived valuable insights using existing resources. User decision needs were explored among a cohort of 15 family surrogates, revealing four thematic issues in decision-making, including stuck into dilemmas, sense of uncertainty, limited capacity, and delayed decision confirmation. A total of 27 articles were included for evidence syntheses. Relevant decision-making knowledge on disease and treatment, as delineated in the literature sourced from decision support system or clinical guidelines, were formatted as the foundational knowledge base. Twenty-one items of evidence were extracted and integrated into the content panels of benefits and risks of RRT, possible outcomes, and reasons to choose. The DA was drafted into a web-based phototype using the elements of UCD. This platform could guide users in their preparation of decision-making through a sequential four-step process: identifying treatment options, weighing the benefits and risks, clarifying personal preferences and values, and formulating a schedule for formal shared decision-making with clinicians. ConclusionsWe developed a rapid prototype of DA tailored for family surrogate decision makers of critically ill patients in need of RRT in ICU setting. Future studies are needed to evaluate its usability, feasibility, and clinical effects of this intervention.

Design and Research on Human-machine Comfort of Baby Carriage for the Elderly with Grandchildren

With the development of aging society, more and more elderly people choose to take care of their grandchildren after retirement. Therefore, how to make these people take better care of their grandchildren, especially when using baby carriages, has become an urgent problem to be solved. This study focuses on the ergonomic design of comfort for the elderly with grandchildren when using strollers, and explores and understands the physiological and psychological needs of the elderly when using strollers. Through in-depth interviews, questionnaires and field observations, a detailed needs analysis of the target user groups was conducted. At the same time, combined with the physiological characteristics of the elderly, the paper puts forward some design suggestions and evaluation indicators, and proves a more comfortable and humanized baby carriage design through practice.

Potential effectiveness and efficiency issues in usability evaluation within digital health: A systematic literature review

Context:Digital Health (DH) is widely considered essential for sustainable future healthcare systems. Software quality, particularly usability, is crucial for the success and adoption of most DH products. However, concerns about the effectiveness and efficiency of usability evaluation of DH products have been raised. Objective:This article aims to analyse the prevalence and application contexts of usability evaluation methods in DH and to highlight potential issues related to their effectiveness and efficiency. Method:A systematic literature review of usability evaluation studies, published by (academic) practitioners between 2016 and April 2023, was conducted. 610 primary articles were identified and analysed, utilising five major scientific databases. Results:Our findings show a preference for inquiry (85%) and testing (63%) methods, with inspection used less frequently (17%). The published studies employed methods like questionnaires (75%); notably the SUS (49%), semi-structured interviews (25%), and heuristic evaluations (73%), with percentages based on their group. Data collection mainly involved the use of participant feedback (45%), audio/video recordings (44%), and system logs (20%), with both qualitative and quantitative data analyses prevalent in studies. However, several usability characteristics such as accessibility, memorability, and operability were found to be largely overlooked, and automation tools or platforms were not widely used. Among the systems evaluated were mHealth applications (70%), telehealth platforms (36%), health information technology (HIT) solutions (29%), personalized medicine (Per. Med.) (17%), wearable devices (12%), and digital therapeutics (DTx) interventions (6%), with the participation of general users, patients, healthcare providers, and informal caregivers varying based on the health condition studied. Furthermore, insights and experiences gathered from 24 articles underscored the importance of a mixed-method approach in usability evaluations, the limitations of traditional methods, the necessity for sector-specific customisation, and the potential benefits of remote usability studies. Moreover, while eye-tracking emerged as a promising evaluation technique, careful execution and interpretation are crucial to avoid data misinterpretation. Conclusion:The study’s findings showed that employing a combination of inquiry and testing-based methods is prevalent for evaluating DH platforms. Despite an array of DH systems, method distribution remained consistent across platforms and targeted user groups. The study also underlines the importance of involving target user groups in the process. Potentially affected cognitive abilities of participants and potential user groups of interest have to be taken into account when choosing evaluation methods, and methods might therefore need to be tailored. Complementary inspection methods might be particularly useful when recruiting representative participants is difficult. Several potential paths for future research are outlined, such as exploring novel technologies like artificial intelligence, for improved automation tool support in the usability evaluation process.

A Brief Analysis of Tik Tok's Successful Strategies as a Multi-Sided Internet Platform

Since the establishment of Tik Tok in 2016, its user base has been increasing with good momentum. Compared with the Internet platforms of the same period or earlier, the number of users of Tik Tok and the growth rate of the platform volume has significant advantages. Therefore, the research on the strategies adopted by Tik Tok in various development periods is worth studying and worth learning from emerging Internet platforms. This article analyzes Tik Tok's well-developed strategies, using perspectives in economics and other fields to explain Tik Tok's success. In the writing of this article, a large number of previous works of literature were analyzed and cited, combined with some authoritative data statistics. Finally, the strategies used in the successful process of Tik Tok were found. In addition, after analysis, the conclusion is that Tik Tok uses different strategies at different stages of development. At the same time, regardless of its state and external conditions, the network effect is the core of Tik Tok's strategies. In general, the strategies used by Tik Tok can be summarized as identifying targeted user groups, accumulating user volume, and continuously transforming to provide a more attractive service scope.

Investigation and analysis of digital demand for children's books

Purpose: This study aims to examine and assess the requirements of Chinese children in relation to digital reading. It also seeks to explore the challenges that arise in the production of digital reading materials for children while proposing principles for their future development.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: A sample of 600 participants was selected from mainland China for the purpose of this study. A total of 483 valid surveys were gathered and utilized to examine the elements that influence the effectiveness of digital reading in children.
 Findings: The results of this study demonstrate a positive association between the level of digitalization in children's books and children's digital reading proficiency. These findings show that a greater degree of digitization is linked to a more advantageous impact on digital reading skills.
 Conclusion: To enhance the efficacy of digital reading among children, it is imperative to strengthen the level of digitization in the design of children's books while concurrently fostering children's willingness towards digital books. In digitizing children's books, it is essential to enhance the usability of goods, simplify operation processes, and reduce the design of interfaces to foster a sense of enjoyment and satisfaction among young readers.
 Research Limitations: The target user group for this study is children between the ages of 3-6. Due to the young age of the study subjects, they cannot fill out the questionnaire independently, and the questionnaire is filled out with the assistance of their parents, which cannot fully reflect the subjective intention and actual situation of the study subjects.

Understanding User Needs, Persona Scenarios for Privacy-Preserving Visual System Development.

As the world's population ages, the demand for active and assisted living technologies that can support older adults maintain their independence, health, and quality of life is increasing. Video monitoring cameras can provide a sense of safety and peace of mind for both older adults and their caregivers. However, these visual sensing systems come with major privacy concerns. Researchers have developed various visual privacy preservation filters that can be used for video-based monitoring technology, such as blurring, pixelation, silhouette, or avatar. To understand the user's needs and fine-tune the system to their preferences, the persona scenario method was employed in this study. The goal-directed approach to persona design was followed. This scenario-based technique involves creating fictitious persona archetypes that represent the unique characteristics, needs, and goals of the target user group and other stakeholders involved in the process of care provision. A set of eight personas were created based on the qualitative data collected through interviews and focus groups in Spain. Data from 62 participants were analyzed, which represented different contributor groups such as older adults, direct caregivers, healthcare experts, and other stakeholders. The final personas are accessible to the public on a Blueprint persona repository.

Examining Usability, Acceptability, and Adoption of a Self-Directed, Technology-Based Intervention for Upper Limb Rehabilitation After Stroke: Cohort Study.

Upper limb (UL) recovery after stroke is strongly dependent upon rehabilitation dose. Rehabilitation technologies present pragmatic solutions to dose enhancement, complementing therapeutic activity within conventional rehabilitation, connecting clinicians with patients remotely, and empowering patients to drive their own recovery. To date, rehabilitation technologies have been poorly adopted. Understanding the barriers to adoption may shape strategies to enhance technology use and therefore increase rehabilitation dose, thus optimizing recovery potential. We examined the usability, acceptability, and adoption of a self-directed, exercise-gaming technology within a heterogeneous stroke survivor cohort and investigated how stroke survivor characteristics, technology usability, and attitudes toward technology influenced adoption. A feasibility study of a novel exercise-gaming technology for self-directed UL rehabilitation in early subacute stroke survivors (N=30) was conducted in an inpatient, acute hospital setting. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded; participants' performance in using the system (usability) was assessed using a 4-point performance rating scale (adapted from the Barthel index), and adherence with the system was electronically logged throughout the trial. The technology acceptance model was used to formulate a survey examining the acceptability of the system. Spearman rank correlations were used to examine associations between participant characteristics, user performance (usability), end-point technology acceptance, and intervention adherence (adoption). The technology was usable for 87% (n=26) of participants, and the overall technology acceptance rating was 68% (95% CI 56%-79%). Participants trained with the device for a median of 26 (IQR 16-31) minutes daily over an enrollment period of 8 (IQR 5-14) days. Technology adoption positively correlated with user performance (usability) (ρ=0.55; 95% CI 0.23-0.75; P=.007) and acceptability as well as domains of perceived usefulness (ρ=0.42; 95% CI 0.09-0.68; P=.03) and perceived ease of use (ρ=0.46; 95% CI 0.10-0.74; P=.02). Technology acceptance decreased with increased global stroke severity (ρ=-0.56; 95% CI -0.79 to -0.22; P=.007). This technology was usable and acceptable for the majority of the cohort, who achieved an intervention dose with technology-facilitated, self-directed UL training that exceeded conventional care norms. Technology usability and acceptability were determinants of adoption and appear to be mediated by stroke severity. The results demonstrate the importance of selecting technologies for stroke survivors on the basis of individual needs and abilities, as well as optimizing the accessibility of technologies for the target user group. Facilitating changes in stroke survivors' beliefs and attitudes toward rehabilitation technologies may enhance adoption. Further work is needed to understand how technology can be optimized to benefit those with more severe stroke.

Urban Form and Real Estate Value in Msheireb Downtown Doha, Qatar

In the late 20th century, Doha’s rapid urbanization and globalization led to the loss of housing and the compact, traditional urban fabric in the old city center. The Qatari government and Msheireb Properties developed Msheireb Downtown Doha to bring urban living back with a contemporary re-interpretation of the traditional urban fabric and modern life conveniences. Our study's primary objective is to investigate the relationship between urban form and the rental value of residential units, identifying factors that might influence rental asking prices. The paper examines morphological characteristics through field surveys and the real-estate variables such as location, floor area, number of bedrooms/bathrooms, and asking price collected from publicly available real estate websites. The findings indicate that the residential units' layout and adjacent streets' morphological characteristics clearly define specific targeted user groups. Larger residential units target Qatari families via more bedrooms/bathrooms and quieter urban settings, emphasizing Islamic cultural values. Smaller units target ex-pat workers (especially Westerners) using open-plan layouts in more lively urban environments of the development. The price per square meter also increases for residential units closer to the Doha Metro station. The study reiterates the success of compact living for improving urban living in other neighborhoods of old Doha.

Using the Person-Based Approach to Develop a Digital Intervention Targeting Diet and Physical Activity in Pregnancy: Development Study.

In pregnancy, eating well, keeping active, and avoiding excessive weight gain are associated with better maternal and fetal health outcomes. Dietary and physical activity (PA) interventions can be effective in changing behaviors and managing weight gain. The comparatively lower cost and greater accessibility of digital interventions make them an attractive alternative to in-person interventions. Baby Buddy is a free pregnancy and parenting app from the charity Best Beginnings. Designed to support parents, improve health outcomes, and reduce inequalities, the app is actively used within the UK National Health Service. It offers an ideal platform for delivering and evaluating a new prenatal dietary and PA intervention. The aim of this study was to create a theory-based intervention within Baby Buddy to empower, encourage, and support expectant parents to develop healthier dietary and PA habits for pregnancy and parenthood. The intervention's development process was guided by the Behavior Change Wheel, with the person-based approach used to create and test its design. Three stages of qualitative research with pregnant and recently pregnant parents guided the intervention design. Study 1 (n=30), comprising 4 web-based focus groups and 12 telephone interviews, gauged response to the rudimentary concept and generated ideas for its development. Results were analyzed thematically. At this stage, the guiding principles for the intervention development were established, and regular team meetings ensured that the intervention design remained aligned with Best Beginnings' objectives, evidence-based approach, and feasibility criteria. Study 2 (n=29), comprising web-based individual and couple interviews, explored design ideas using wireframes and scripts and generated iterative feedback on the intervention content, branding, and tone. A table of changes analysis tracked design amendments. Study 3 (n=19) tested an app prototype using think-aloud interviews with current Baby Buddy users. A patient and public involvement and engagement activity (n=18) and other expert contributors (n=14) provided ad hoc input into the research process and design development. Study 1 confirmed the appeal and relevance of the intervention concept and its novel approach of including partners. The identified themes underpinned the development of the intervention design. Iterative feedback from study 2, in conjunction with patient and public involvement and engagement and expert contributor input, helped refine the intervention design and ensure its relevance and appeal to a diverse target user group. Study 3 highlighted functionality, content, and design issues with the app prototype and identified ways of improving the user experience. This study illustrates the value of combining a theoretical method for intervention development with the person-based approach to create a theory-based intervention that is also user-friendly, appealing, and engaging for its target audience. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention in improving diet, PA, and weight management in pregnancy.