Tanjore District Research Articles

A Contribution to the Vascular Flora of Vedharanyam and Talaignayar Reserve Forests, Tanjore District, Madras State

The two reserves dealt with in this paper lie between 70°31'-80° E and 10°-11° N on the eastern coast of peninsular India in Tanjore District, Madras State. The two are separated from each other by about 18 kilometers; the Vedharanyam R. F. lying a little south of Talaignayar. The Vedharanyam R. F. has a Tropical Dry Evergreen type of forest, whereas Talaignayar shows characteristic salt-marsh or swamp vegetation. One new species and 3 new records have been noted.Two botanical tours were conducted in August 1960 and January 1961 and altogether 218 taxa were collected. All the specimens have been deposited in the Southern Circle Herbarium of Botanical Survey of India, Coimbatore (MH).

Ethnic Concern and Gender Disparity in Meena Kandasamy’s The Gypsy Goddess

Meena Kandasammy’s debut novel The Gypsy Goddess, published in 2014, brings out the traumatic experience behind the massacre of Kilvenmani which was the result of collective struggle for freedom by Dalit agricultural labourers community at Tanjore district in Tamilnadu. Her novel projects the undying will and incessant struggle of the marginalized for freedom and their relentless resistance against oppression. This paper attempts to discuss the prevailing problem of the marginalized and delineates the doubly marginalized Dalit women also. The paper focuses on the ethnic concern of the writer with special attention on the gruesome treatment of Dalit women. The existing caste oppression and Dalit’s brave resistance with resilience are discussed in this paper. The paper analyzes the pervading national consciousness in Meena Kandasamy’s novel The Gypsy Goddess, who through her writing tries to bring out the issues and challenges of Dalit, prevailing in pre and post India and thus create awareness to the nation.

Dimensions of responsible tourism and quality of life

Responsible tourism consists in undertaking such activities that enable achieving growth in a way that either does not destroy the existing environment and protects the culture, history, heritage, and achievements of local communities. Besides, the attainment of responsible tourism requires careful management of tourists’ and residents’ behaviors to prevent deleterious effects on the environment, sociocultural setting and visitor satisfaction. This paper is aimed to evolve the factors influencing Dimensions of Responsible tourism and to validate Quality of Life (QOL). The study is made with selected 3 Districts in Tamilnadu respectively Madurai District, Tanjore District and Kanniyakumari District. The respondents are the residents who are located in the three districts nearing tourism spots ,250 Questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and only 225 respondents returned the full filled questionnaire. Through IBM SPSS the validity construction is ensured through the Percentage analysis, Descriptive Analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability is measured with the consistency of each item score. These tests are guaranteed by representative samples and Convenience sampling method is used to analyse the study. Tourism can have both positive and negative impacts on the QOL of local communities. In general, the domains of QOL that are perceived to be positively affected are the economy, employment opportunities, community pride, cultural exchange, and availability of facilities

Diagnosis of Major Foliar Diseases in Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) using Convolution Neural Network (CNN)

Background: Proper diagnosis of a foliar disease is a prerequisite to undertaking any crop protection strategy under field conditions. Poor diagnosis and a delay in confirmation in turn decrease the crop yield and increase the cost of plant protection. In this background, advanced machine learning techniques were used for diagnosis of major foliar diseases in black gram using image detection. Casually, black gram yields are highly reduced due to anthracnose and powdery mildew diseases up to 40-67%. To address the issues, the advanced disease identification method of Convolution Neural Network (CNN) is proposed for automated diagnosis in its early stages to assist farmers. Methods: Disease infected leaf samples and their images were collected from different cultivated areas of Tanjore district, Tamil Nadu, India. The image noises were removed and enhanced to improve the accuracy of the training network. A Convolution Neural Network was built with five layers to work on disease images. The first stage of training is to load the image set for training, establish the learning rate, run the optimizer and compile the training convolution model. The final part is to save the loss and accuracy during the training process and evaluate the accuracy of the model. To improve the training learning rate, the Adam optimizer and RMSprop algorithm are used to dynamically adjust the learning rate. The image dataset holds a total of 2002 images of black gram anthracnose and powdery mildew for evaluation. Result: The experiment result showed that the accuracy of disease detection in black gram is about 92.50 per cent with a Precision: 97.14 per cent, Recall: 87.17 per cent, F1 score: 91.89 per cent which proves that convolutional neural network has a faster training speed and higher accuracy. In addition, the proposed method is less time consuming, an early detection tool for the farmers to identify the anthracnose and powdery mildew in black gram leaf which is essential for the application of proper disease management strategies and reduction of yield loss and aids in promotion of smart agriculture.

Study on tourism promotion and infrastructure availability in Tamil Nadu with special reference to Tanjore District

A very rapidly growing industry is tourism all over the world. In Tamil Nadu, Tanjore is one of the cities which is well-known for its heritage sites and temple towns. Many opportunities are being taken by Tamil Nadu for developing its tourism industry. Airavateshwarar Temple, Brihadeeswara temple and Brihadeeswaram Temple are the sacred monuments located in Tamil Nadu. UNESCO has acknowledged these places as the World’s Heritage Sites. In this paper, the promotion of tourism industry and infrastructure facilities are studied that helps in promoting all the tourist sites in Tamil Nadu most importantly, in Tanjore district. On the basis of primary data, the data was collected. Questionnaire survey was conducted for this study. Thus, the data was collected from the tourists who stayed in Tanjore district. From the collected data, the analysis has proved that Tanjore is worth visiting place for the tourists. It concludes that the performance of tourism sector in Tanjore is well in maintaining & developing the infrastructure facilities and it shows the best is provided for the provided for the tourists.

Comparison Statistical Rice Yield Prediction with Multiple Weather Parameters

Advance knowledge of harvestable products, especially essential food crops such as rice, wheat, maize, and pulses, would allow policymakers and traders to plan procurement, processing, pricing, marketing, and related infrastructure and procedures. There are many statistical models are being used for the yield prediction with different weather parameter combinations. The performance of these models are dependent on the location’s weather input and its accuracy. In this context, a study was conducted at Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during Kharif (2020) season to compare the performance of four multivariate weather-based models viz., SMLR, LASSO, ENET and Bayesian models for the rice yield prediction at Tanjore district of Tamil Nadu State with Tmax, Tmin, Mean RH, WS, SSH, EVP and RF. The results indicated that the R2, RMSE, and nRMSE values of the above models were ranged between 0.54 to 0.79 per cent, 149 to 398 kg/ha, 4.0 to 10.6 per cent, respectively. The study concluded that the Bayesian model was found to be more reliable followed by LASSO and ENET. In addition, it was found that the Bayesian model could perform better even with limited weather parameters and detention of wind speed, sunshine hours and evaporation data would not affect the model performance. It is concluded that Bayesian model may be a better option for rice yield forecasting in Thanjavur districts of Tamil Nadu.

Computational modeling and water analysis of parameter estimation by uncertainty quantification in water resources

Falling losses from aquatic disease is the main public condition goal in developed countries. The present study terms the application of Physical Sciences and Environmental Sciences techniques to solve the real-life problem associated with the society. Water samples are taken from a river, pond, bore well, and municipality at Kabisthalam in Kumbakonam Taluk, Tanjore District, Tamil Nadu, South India. The current work defines the expansion of mathematical typical to expect the interaction parameters which were used to determine the quantitative characteristics of the water. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to identify the level of importance in interaction parameters on their characteristics. The effect of these parameters on interaction has been investigated using experimental designs. The new results have been correlated using the Fuzzy Evidence Theory. The salient aspect of the work is that a very simplified analytic output of the fuzzy model is achieved when all fuzzy sets in the fuzzy partition of the output space have the same power (the area under the membership function), and the determination of basic probability assignments associated with fuzzy Dempster-Shafer belief structure using fuzzy focal elements.

SMART TOILET CONSTRUCTED UNDER CSR: STUDY FROM TAMIL NADU

When human waste (feces) is not managed well, it pollutes water, food, and soil with germs and leads to diarrhea and other health problems. Using toilets prevents germs from getting into the environment and protects the health. Keeping in mind of the issue, the World Toilet Organization was established in 2001 with the aim to break the taboo around toilets and the sanitation crisis. Since 2001, World Toilet Organization lobbied governments, public and private sector stakeholders and the international community to prioritize sanitation in the development agenda. In India, in addition to Government of India and respective state Governments, one NGO viz., Gramalaya based on its office at Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu has been doing praiseworthy work as Gramalaya has been promoting SMART toilets (S - Safe and Sustainable, M – Maintainable, A – Affordable, R - Recyclable (waste), T - Technically perfect) under the leadership of its Founder Chairman Shri. S. Damodaran. Also, Gramalaya has been producing sustainable sanitary pads (washable) for the menstrual girls and women for their better health and hygiene under the trade name of FeelFree. In this research article, activities of Gramalaya by constructing SMART toilets were studied by the author at Budalur block of Thanjavur district also locally known as Tanjore district of Tamil Nadu in September 2019. These toilets were under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), funded by Lion Dates Impex Private limited. Lion Dates Company is India's largest date processing and trading company. The Company has factories located in Tamil Nadu. The Lion Dates brand is available across 29 states and 7 union territories in India.

Salt March at Madras: Indian Press on the Repressive Measures of the British on Satyagrahis of Marina Beach Satyagraha in Tamilnadu, 1930-1931

Gandhi's Dandi march in March 1930 infused a new spirit among the Congress leaders of Madras. C. Rajagopalachari, the president of Tamil Provincial Congress Committee drew up a plan for salt march in Tamil province on the Gandhian model and confirmed his plan to conduct the march from Trichy to Vedaranyam beach in Tanjore district. T.Prakasam, the leader of Andhra Provincial Congress Committee had a difference of opinion with C.Rajagopalachari on selection of a common venue for the Madras Presidency. When Rajagopalachari decided to conduct the march at Vedaranyam, T.Prakasam appealed to the Andhra people to come over to participate at the Marina Beach in Madras in April 1930. The Indian Press such as The Hindu, The Swadesamitran, The Sudandhirasangu, The Ooliyan, The Andhrapatrika, The Krishna Partrika, The Swarajya, The Congress, The Navasakthi, The Gandhi, The Desabakthan, The Ananda Bodhini and other prominent pro-nationalist papers appealed to the Indians to read against the atrocities of the British officials on the unarmed general public of Madras. They have severely dealt with the provisions of the Press Ordinances of 1930 and the Indian Press (Emergency Powers) Act of 1931, but they continued to propagate the anti-British sentiments among the Indians. The pro-nationalist papers extended their support to the various Satyagraha movements organized at Masulipatnam in Andhra Province; Vedaranyam, Madras, Sholinganallur, Cuddalore, Nagapatnam and Tuticorin in Tamil Province, by publishing a series of articles on the course of the Salt Satyagraha movements.

Up Scaling Local Creative Artisan ARCH Cluster Case of Metalware Cluster in South India

Up scaling of local creative artisan ARCH (Artistic, Rural, Cultural, and Heritage) clusters is the need of the hour. There are many artisan clusters in India that are in the verge of decline due to many challenges including the lack of manpower, money, and markets. Even though they are existing in small pockets, they are finding it very difficult to make the ends meet. If ignored, these creative artisan clusters will vanish. Even though Government is doing its might, it is still not enough for up-scaling this age old local creative artisan ARCH cluster. This case brings out such a handicraft cluster in Tanjore District of Tamilnadu. The case discusses about the Indian Handicraft Industry and specially the Art Metalware, Artplate and its manufacturing process, background of artisans, current ways of doing business and the existing institutional set-up.

A Study on Buying Behavior of Eco-Friendly Apparel with Special Reference to Tanjore

Growing People consciousness and intelligence of communal conscientiousness and connected ecological issues have lead the fabric manufacturing to fabricate products with enhanced ecological outline. The aim of this study is to assess customer Brand Knowledge, attitudes on buying behavior for eco-friendly apparel. Research looks at the impact of customer knowledge on eco-friendly apparel manufacturing. Data Collection has been taken from Sample Tanjore district in Tamil Nadu by using convenience sampling technique and Collected data from the young consumer (N= 302). Statistical Analysis Cronbach ‘s Alpha test were used to asses the interior reliability of the (degree) scale object. Reliability of the make assure that a test is even, precise. Correlation test were used to analyses the relationship between the two variables. SEM was to find the association between brand knowledge and attitude towards buying behavior of eco-friendly apparel among the young consumers of Tanjore district.

Labourers Perspective on Safety and Health Practices at the Selected Construction Sites Located in Rural areas of Tanjore District

Objectives: To study the demographic profile of the construction laborers working in rural and urban areas of Tanjore district, to find out the significant factors which influences the safety and health practices in the construction sites as per the perception of laborers (Construction site workers) and to provide suggestive strategies to raise the level of awareness of the significance of safety and health practices at the construction sites. Methods/Analysis: The population of study deals with the construction workers who work in selected construction sites located in the rural areas of Tanjore district.The study adopted the non-probability convenient sampling. The schedule was self- administered to 132 respondents with the help of the researcher.The data were subject to reliability analysis to check the internal consistency and validity test such as content validity & face validity were applied. The data were analyzed using percentage analysis to depict the demographic profile and specific statistical tools used for the analysis was multiple regression analysis for determining the overall satisfaction level of construction workers. SPSS version 16 was used for data anlaysis. Findings: The research study reveals that the significant factors responsible for the safety and health practices are lack of first aid training program, the firm pressurizes workers to complete the work beyond their limits, the workers feel nervous and mental phobia when working under high altitude, safety net not provided for scaffolding, lack of temporary railings for staircases, caution and reflector are not provided to denote the sign of danger. Applications/Improvement: The study provides some suggestive strategies to enhance the safety performance level and the study need to add more items related to safety measures and test the instrument with more samples both in rural and urban areas.

Space Technology Institution for Technology Diffusion and Development in Agriculture: A Case Study

To disseminate knowledge to the rural masses using advances in information and communication technologies, The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) envisaged the concept of ‘Village Resource Centre’ (VRC) in the year 2004. A VRC conducts interactive programmes on a regular basis in the areas of agriculture, water resources management, tele-health care, awareness generation, skill development/vocational training for livelihood support, etc. These VRCs are connected with knowledge producing institutions like universities, development institutes, hospitals and other institutions and have association with NGOs/Trusts and state/central agencies. This study has examined the functioning of a VRC as a knowledge provider and capability builder at the rural level. For study, two VRCs were selected – one at Meppadi in Wayanad district of Kerala and the other at Thiruvaiyaru in Tanjore district of Tamil Nadu. These regions are predominantly agrarian but specialize in different crops — coffee in Meppadi and paddy in Thiruvaiyaru. The study has revealed that the VRCs have been successful in providing knowledge and building skills among the farmers in the study area. It has also been observed that association with a VRC has motivated the farmers towards adoption of new varieties, crops and processes vis-à-vis preferring improvements in the existing varieties, crops and processes.

People, Planets and the Sun: Surya Puja in Tamil Nadu, South India

This paper analyzes architectural alignments and reports the results of interviews with priests and lay persons at those temples in the Tanjore district of Tamil Nadu in which sunlight of the rising or setting sun enters the sanctum, primarily near equinox. The event, known as Surya puja, occurs most frequently in Shaivite temples and is most often understood to be a case of the sun worshipping Lord Shiva. At some temples it is believed the sun suffers from leprosy, which may be associated with an outbreak of sunspots in the late 11th century. Many of today's Surya puja rituals have strong astrological dimensions, which have probably grown in intensity since the temples were built.

The new technology, class formation and class action in the Indian countryside

The central aim of this article is to try and assess, on the basis of the existing evidence, what influence, if any, the technological innovations that have been introduced into Indian agriculture since the mid‐1960s have hadupon class formation and class action in the Indian countryside. An attempt is made, further, to suggest, if only briefly, the significance of this for urban class formation and class action. The nature of the new technology and some of its implications for the labour process in agriculture are identified and it is held that the distinction between biochemical innovations and mechanical innovations, to the extent that those who make it argue that technological innovation can be limited to the former, is a false one. It is stressed that partly because of the intensified time constraint brought about by the application of biochemical innovations the pressure to mechanise is likely to be strong, as mechanisation becomes increasingly profitable. The evidence reveals that the new technology has meant certain class‐in‐ itself changes. It has hastened the social differentiation that was already in motion, although in complex ways that have yet to work themselves out fully. Some of the characteristics of a process of partial proletarianisation are noted and the’ nature of the emerging rural proletariat and of new relations between rural labourers and dominant classes analysed. What these changing structural features have meant with respect to the class consciousness and class‐for‐itself action of the rural proletariat is given attention, and the indeterminate nature of the outcome indicated by the contrast between north‐west India (where class action has been relatively weak) and the Tanjore district of Tamil Nadu (where the organised power and militancy of agricultural labourers have achieved substantial success). The growing emergence of a rich peasantry as a class‐in‐itself and a powerful class‐for‐itself is treated and some of the political implications of this drawn, especially in relation to Indian state power and its class basis.

Agrarian Relations in Tanjore District, South India

Agrarian Relations in Tanjore District, South India

Some Responses of Rice Farmers to the Package Program in Tanjore District, India: Comment

Some Responses of Rice Farmers to the Package Program in Tanjore District, India: Comment

Some Responses of Rice Farmers to the Package Program in Tanjore District, India

This study reports on the participation of Tanjore district rice farmers in India's Package Program and the extent to which they are adopting the recommended “package of improved production practices” in moving toward the use of modern farming methods. Participation in the program by size of farm is about normally distributed among the farm population and is not limited to the larger and more progressive farmers. The smaller as well as the larger farmer contributes to the market supply of rice. Progress in increasing yields and production is substantial but there is little evidence that the doubling of crop yields in a short time is a logical expectation under Tanjore conditions.

Aspects of Caste in South India, Ceylon and North-West Pakistan.

Contributors to this issue Note on the spelling of caste names Preface Introduction: what should we mean by caste? E. R. Leach Caste in a Tanjore village E. Kathleen Gough Caste in Jaffna Michael Banks The flexibility of caste principles in a Kandyan community Nur Yalman The system of social stratification in Swat, North Pakistan Fredrik Barth Bibliography Map 1: General map showing the location of Tanjore, Jaffna, 'Terutenne' and Swat Map 2: Map of Tanjore district Map 3: Sketch-map of Kumbapettai Map 4: Map of Ceylon Fig. 1: Kinship diagram: the Potters of Terutenne Fig. 2: Castes and occupations in Worejo Fig. 3: The organization of agricultural activities in Swat: services and renumeration Fig. 4: The caste composition of four Swat villages Fig. 5: The hierarchy of castes in Swat.

Agricultural Trends of Tanjore District

The "PACKAGE PROGRAMME" of intensified agricultural production sponsored by the Union Ministry of Food and Agriculture has been implemented by the Government of Madras. The Scheme was inaugurated on the Tamil New Year's day in the district of Tanjore which is the granary of the South. The introduction of the package programme in Tanjore District makes another land mark in the history of Agriculture in Madras State. At this juncture it is considered appropriate to take stock of all the past trends in the field of agricultural production. An attempt has therefore been made in the following paragraphs to review the trends in the agricultural features of Tanjore District over a period of half a century.