Tangible Consequences Research Articles

Integrated Geotechnical Modelling and Real-time Analysis for Predicting Earthquake-Induced Landslides and Rockfalls in the East African Fracture Zone

Background: The East African Fracture Zone (EAFZ) stands as a testament to the dynamic forces of Earth, marked by heightened seismic activity that frequently triggers geotechnical disasters such as landslides and rockfalls. Traditionally, the study of earthquake-induced geological risks has been reactive, with a focus on post-incident analysis. While significant advances have been made in spatial analysis and risk mapping, the capabilities for real-time prediction and proactive mitigation are still limited. Objectives: Current study presents an approach to predicting earthquake-induced landslides and rockfalls in the EAFZ. The aim is to change the perception of the problem by viewing disasters as manageable risks and informing decision-making in urban planning and disaster mitigation strategies. Methods: A combination of geotechnical engineering, remote sensing, artificial intelligence and machine learning, and socio-economic analysis were used to develop a holistic software framework that solves the complex problem of earthquake prediction without any problems. Results: A software model has been developed that includes a dynamic learning component that refines its predictions with new data, allowing for a deeper understanding of geological subtleties and socio-economic impacts. Considerable attention is paid to the tangible consequences of landslides and rockfalls, including human, property and economic losses. Despite the inevitable challenges of data accuracy and natural unpredictability, the proposed approach opens up new possibilities for proactive disaster management. The results demonstrate a transformational step in data-driven geotechnics and highlight the global applicability of the methods proposed in this work. Conclusion: In this investigation, was taken a pioneering stride in the realm of geotechnical hazard analysis and prediction, focusing on the complex terrains of the East African Fracture Zone (EAFZ). The results provided critical insights into the dynamics of geotechnical hazards in the EAFZ, laying the foundation for future innovations and enhanced safety measures in vulnerable communities.

The influence of essentialist and social constructionist notions on perceptions of “realness”: Implications for LGBTIQ+ experiences

AbstractEssentialism is an ontological belief that social groups share underlying “essences,” while social constructionism suggests social groups are formed and upheld by cultural understandings. We aim to highlight that essentialist and social constructionist beliefs regarding LGBTIQ+ identities underlie psychological evaluations of whether an LGBTIQ+ identity is real (social recognition of existence). These evaluations have tangible consequences for LGBTIQ+ people such that LGBTIQ+ identities considered real are (de)valued while those considered not real are marginalized. Central to our examination is the concept of “naturalness,” which often affords realness. This is reflected through essentialist thought at the individual level when evaluating the realness of LGBTIQ+ identities. However, while LGBTIQ+ people may embrace essentialist rhetoric to defend their identities as real, many draw instead on social constructionist notions. Lastly, we examine how essentialist and social constructionist rhetoric are evident in structural systems to either deny or legitimize LGBTIQ+ identities as real. By reimagining LGBTIQ+ research, we seek to expand the understanding of these identities.

The challenges of confronting racism as a social disease by second-generation Indians in social and professional space in Australia: A qualitative study

ABSTRACT This qualitative study investigated the experiences of racism encountered by second-generation Indian Australians in social and professional domains through semi-structured interviews with 30 participants aged 15–25 years living in Melbourne and Sydney. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants. Data was analysed thematically using critical race theory. Key findings included experiences of racism in educational settings, which had psychological impacts. Moreover, racism also influenced family life and career opportunities, reflecting tangible consequences. The study underlines distinct challenges that emerged based on gender, religion, geographic location and socio-economic background, highlighting intersectionality. Racism was found to permeate multiple life spheres through institutional and individual biases. The findings highlight that anti-racism strategies addressing educational, workplace and community inclusion in an intersectional framework, thereby advancing multicultural societies of equity and belonging for all.

Strain‐dependent and host genotype–dependent priority effects in gut microbiome assembly affect host fitness in Daphnia

AbstractThe arrival order of species can strongly influence the early assembly of ecological communities. Such events, known as priority effects, are documented in various ecological settings, but remain understudied within the context of the gut microbiome. Given the fundamental link between the gut microbiome and host health, exploring the potential role of priority effects in shaping the assembly and development of microbial communities within the gut becomes imperative. Using the freshwater planktonic crustacean Daphnia magna as a model system, we manipulated the immigration order of three bacterial strain pairs in two germ‐free genotypes and quantified gut microbiome composition and host fitness at two time points, namely day 8 and day 12. Priority effects were observed; however, their presence, amplitude, and direction (suppressive or facilitative) were found to be contingent on the identity of bacterial strain and host genotype. These findings were accompanied by notable differences in Daphnia life history traits across inoculation order treatments, shedding light on the tangible consequences of priority effects triggered by the sequence of bacterial strain arrival in the gut environment, for host fitness. Our results thus highlight the complex nature of priority effects in gut community assembly, their strain/genotype specificity, and their potential impact on the host.

Design and Development Considerations of a Cyber Physical Testbed for Operational Technology Research and Education.

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are vital in automating complex tasks across various sectors, yet they face significant vulnerabilities due to the rising threats of cybersecurity attacks. The recent surge in cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure (CI) and industrial control systems (ICSs), with a 150% increase in 2022 affecting over 150 industrial operations, underscores the urgent need for advanced cybersecurity strategies and education. To meet this requirement, we develop a specialised cyber-physical testbed (CPT) tailored for transportation CI, featuring a simplified yet effective automated level-crossing system. This hybrid CPT serves as a cost-effective, high-fidelity, and safe platform to facilitate cybersecurity education and research. High-fidelity networking and low-cost development are achieved by emulating the essential ICS components using single-board computers (SBC) and open-source solutions. The physical implementation of an automated level-crossing visualised the tangible consequences on real-world systems while emphasising their potential impact. The meticulous selection of sensors enhances the CPT, allowing for the demonstration of analogue transduction attacks on this physical implementation. Incorporating wireless access points into the CPT facilitates multi-user engagement and an infrared remote control streamlines the reinitialization effort and time after an attack. The SBCs overwhelm as traffic surges to 12 Mbps, demonstrating the consequences of denial-of-service attacks. Overall, the design offers a cost-effective, open-source, and modular solution that is simple to maintain, provides ample challenges for users, and supports future expansion.

Utilizing Digital Transformation Technology at Construction Sites to Mitigate Workplace Incidents and Enhance Safety Practices within the Construction Sector

The Objectives of this project work is to look into the DT digital transformation of the construction sector, more specifically to the impacts of AI for workers and work-environment safety. The scope converges on the more tangible consequences of safety rather than health and focuses on the impact on safety roles and performance as well as implications for jobs and collaborative dynamics between construction organizations. The thesis pushes forward the current state of safety performance and collaborative relationships both in theory as much as in practice and stresses the shift of performance measurements and success factors for the former as well as the roles and goals for the latter. The construction sector is a considerable contributor to a country's economy. For example, there are more than 300 000 people employed in the construction sector in INDIA. Unfortunately, workers’ safety is a big problem in this high-employment sector since the potential risk for injury is high. In INDIA workers in the construction industry are among the most injured, both in terms of work-related accidents and occupational injuries. With more technology advances, there has been an increasing interest in the construction sector regarding new technologies in recent years which also includes occupational safety and health technologies. The results provide a list of different types of safety technologies that have been investigated previously and a versatile overview of safety technology's development process, adoption process, and facilitators and barriers for a successful adoption. This study points out the benefits of utilizing safety technologies and provides extensive information regarding the adoption of safety tools that could encourage engaged actors in the field to strive for more safety technologies which could lead to a safer work environment and healthy worker

THE ROLE OF ETHICAL PRACTICES IN ACCOUNTING: A REVIEW OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND COMPLIANCE TRENDS

This comprehensive review delves into the pivotal role of ethical practices in accounting, specifically focusing on corporate governance and compliance trends. Ethical considerations in accounting are not merely regulatory checkboxes but constitute the moral compass guiding financial professionals towards transparency, integrity, and accountability. The review provides a glimpse into the core themes explored in this review. The contemporary business landscape is marked by increased scrutiny of ethical practices within accounting frameworks. This review navigates the intricate interplay between ethical considerations, corporate governance structures, and compliance trends that collectively shape the ethical fabric of financial reporting. Examining corporate governance practices reveals their intrinsic link to ethical conduct in accounting. Effective governance structures serve as bulwarks against financial improprieties, fostering a culture of responsibility and ethical decision-making. The review scrutinizes evolving corporate governance models, their impact on financial transparency, and the role they play in mitigating risks associated with unethical accounting practices. Compliance trends, both globally and regionally, are explored to understand the ever-evolving regulatory landscape. Stringent compliance requirements act as safeguards, ensuring adherence to ethical standards. This review investigates how organizations navigate the complex web of regulatory frameworks, emphasizing the importance of proactive compliance measures in upholding ethical standards and fortifying the trust of stakeholders. Ethical considerations are not confined to regulatory frameworks; they permeate the organizational ethos, influencing decision-making at every level. The review delves into case studies and real-world examples to illustrate the tangible consequences of ethical lapses, emphasizing the need for a robust ethical foundation in accounting practices. In conclusion, the review underscores the indispensable role of ethical practices in accounting, illuminating the symbiotic relationship between corporate governance, compliance trends, and ethical conduct. As businesses navigate an era of increased accountability, understanding and embracing ethical imperatives in accounting emerge not only as legal mandates but as essential components for sustaining trust, fostering transparency, and fortifying the integrity of financial reporting practices. Keywords: Ethical Practices, Accounting, Corporate, Governance, Compliance.

Sexual Violence Against Men in Civil Conflict

Sexual violence against men in conflict settings is neither a rare nor recent phenomenon, yet its absence in academic scholarship and humanitarian initiatives remains glaring. Despite the advances in our understanding of the determinants of wartime sexual violence against women, surprisingly little empirical research exists on sexual violence against men in conflict. Acts of sexual violence are commonly enacted against men in war, yet because they do not fit more narrow definitions of rape, accounts of these experiences are often misclassified as “torture.” Moreover, in many countries experiencing pervasive conflict-related sexual violence, there exist restrictive laws regarding sodomy and homosexuality, reducing the chances that males will report their experiences. Using originally coded data on sexual and gender identity laws and reported incidents of sexual violence in civil conflict, I find that laws that outline the protection of sexual and gender identity expression including the decriminalization of same-sex activity are significantly associated with reports of acts of sexual violence against men. The results speak to the gap in the literature on male sexual violence with tangible consequences for the distribution of humanitarian aid, availability of medical and psychological services for victims, and aims of peacekeeping missions.

Compassion Without Fatigue. A Unitary Caring Science Approach: Part II—Essential Truths of Compassion Fatigue for Pediatric Nurses

This article shares the findings of a research study about the external and internal barriers and consequences nurses face as they try to ward off compassion fatigue. This qualitative research employs Relational Caring Inquiry, honoring unique narratives while gaining collective insight into the experiences of being a nurse. Participants for this study were nurses on inpatient units. Findings illustrate the tangible consequences nurses face from the complexities of working in today’s healthcare settings. The information shared reflects the profound purpose that nurses bring while shedding light on what keeps them from flourishing in their roles.

Survey on IoT Privacy, Data Protection and Security Concerns

Abstract: The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has transformed the way we interact with the digital world, offering unprecedented connectivity and convenience. However, this rapid expansion brings forth profound challenges concerning privacy, data protection, and security. This survey paper comprehensively explores the multifaceted landscape of IoT, dissecting its architecture, and delving into the intricate web of concerns surrounding user privacy, data safeguarding, and system security.Beginning with an examination of the IoT architecture, we dissect the interconnected layers, ranging from sensors to cloud platforms, illustrating the intricate pathways of data flow. The survey meticulously unfolds the privacy challenges embedded in the constant data collection, tracking, and profiling mechanisms intrinsic to IoT devices. Drawing on real-world examples, we underscore the tangible consequences of privacy breaches and the potential erosion of user trust.In the realm of data protection, we delve into the complexities of safeguarding data integrity, confidentiality, and availability within the IoT ecosystem. Regulatory frameworks, notably the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), are scrutinized for their impact on shaping data protection practices. Concurrently, the paper uncovers common security threats in IoT, emphasizing vulnerabilities in devices and the looming risks associated with unauthorized access and data breaches.Navigating through the regulatory landscape, the survey provides an overview of existing standards and regulations governing IoT. Case studies spotlight instances of privacy breaches, data protection lapses, and security vulnerabilities, offering practical insights into the implications of these incidents. Mitigation strategies, encompassing encryption, authentication, and access control, are explored to address the identified concerns.As the paper concludes, it synthesizes the key findings, emphasizing the urgency of continued efforts to fortify IoT against privacy, data protection, and security challenges. The survey anticipates future trends and challenges, offering a roadmap for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to collectively forge a secure and privacy-aware IoT landscape.

Digital Transformation in Education: social well-being and adaptation strategies (on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))

Digitalization creates a new quality of life, new opportunities and new risks for society, prerequisites for a radical transformation of social systems, new challenges and a new digital inequality. And one of the key sectors of the social sphere, which is directly influenced by the introduction of digital technologies, is the field of education. This article presents the results of a sociological study "The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and big challenges: social well-being, mobility and adaptation strategies" conducted in 2021-2023 in Yakutia. Special attention is paid to the impact of digitalization of education and the introduction of distance learning formats on the social well-being of the region's population. The study captures the main contradictions that arose during the emergency transfer of the educational process to a remote form of work, local material shows the emerging social contradictions that are formed under the influence of objective differentiation between urban and rural territories. A mass sociological survey was conducted in five socio-economic zones of Yakutia: using a complex of field work: face-to-face, online survey, and a survey involving "public correspondents". The study used a multi-stage quota sample of respondents, the sample totaled 1,320 respondents. Among the most tangible consequences of the pandemic, respondents noted an increased level of stress, psychological tension, increased time spent on social networks and on the Internet in general, an increase in financial burden and expenses. Problems related to the implementation of remote work and study, 26.8% of respondents attributed to one of the most tangible consequences of the pandemic.The majority of respondents expressed satisfaction with the state, quality and accessibility of education, about half of the respondents are more or less dissatisfied with the quality of Internet connection in their place of residence. The main determinants of the digital divide between urban and rural areas and the growth of educational inequality are the uneven material and technical equipment and the introduction of digital educational resources, as well as the availability and quality of telecommunications services.

Il soggiorno di Caterina da Siena a Pisa nel 1375

Abstract This essay aims to shed light on the period spent by Catherine of Siena in Pisa during the year 1375. Catherine was not only a woman of faith and devotion, but also a leading political player in late 14th-century Tuscany, in direct contact with the Apostolic See through the members of her clique. Why did the lord of Pisa, Pietro Gambacorta, summon her to his city? What networks of relations did Catherine’s arrival fit into? What were the tangible consequences of her stay in Pisa?

The ‘Domino Effect’ of Ongoing Violence on Transitional Justice: The Case of Colombia’s Special Jurisdiction for Peace

ABSTRACT∞ This article examines the tangible consequences of ongoing armed violence for the implementation of Colombia’s innovative transitional court, the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, JEP). Establishing transitional justice mechanisms in contexts of persistent armed violence poses significant challenges and the implementation process is likely to seem flawed or lacking to those actors involved. These complex scenarios raise critical questions for the field of transitional justice, notably regarding the expectations of victims and the feasibility of providing truth, justice and reparation in hostile settings. Based on the case of the Colombia’s northwestern Urabá region, this article argues that contexts of ongoing violence have a direct adverse effect on the possibility of the meaningful and effective participation of victims, perpetrators and other key actors in transitional justice processes. Consequently, this restricted participation initiates a ‘domino effect,’ which negatively impacts other transitional goals, including, in the specific case of the JEP, its restorative aims.

Groundwater sustainability in the Friuli Plain

Groundwater resources in the Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG) Region (northeast Italy) are an important natural wealth in terms of quantity, quality and ease of supply. This optimal condition, however, has long believed that it allowed an irrational and uncontrolled exploitation that inevitably produced tangible consequences on the water resources availability.The goal of the present research is the evaluation of the sustainable use of the groundwater in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region aimed at providing guide-lines for its rational use. The study area belongs to the hydrogeological basin of the Friuli Plain and includes part of Veneto Region and Slovenia. The plain area is divided in two parts: the High Plain (HP) characterized by a phreatic aquifer and the Low Plain (LP) where eleven confined aquifer systems were identified. The two physiographic zones are separated by the spring belt. In order to evaluate the groundwater avaliability, a 3D model of the Low Friuli Plain aquifer systems was realized using Rockworks R14 software, starting from 603 lithostratigraphic wells data. Isobath and isopach maps were elaborated using kriging geostatistical method. Precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff and infiltration were calculated to evaluate the inflow and outflow groundwater budget terms (109 rainfall and 46 thermometric stations, time series 1979-2008). To better define the river influences and the outflows at sea, a series of recent surveys on river discharges and surface withdrawals were considered. To obtain the water-budget in non-natural conditions, as the currents, were taken into account the groundwater withdrawals that were evaluated for each type of use and for each aquifer systems, starting from 2 geodatabases: one for the domestic uses (50101 estimated wells) and one for the industrial, agricultural, fish breeding, hygienic, geothermal and other minor uses (7594 wells). Well withdrawals amount were evaluated on annual base for recent periods and expressed as m3/s. The total current estimated groundwater withdrawals reach 62.4 m3/s, of which 41.1 m3/s from the confined aquifer systems in the LP area. More than 52% of the withdrawals are due to the domestic wells. For the water-budget, the studied territory was considered a “semi-closed box” in which groundwater sharings with the neighboring areas are not relevant and where the recharge is mainly due to the influent character of the river, infiltration, rainfall and irrigation practices. As result, the waterbudget for the confined LP is equal to +2.6 m3/s representing the accuracy, fairly acceptable for the scale of the research. Withdrawal entity, spring belt discharge, phreatic levels and confined aquifer’s pressure are closely interdependent and in dynamic equilibrium. The sustainability comes from the consistency and ratio between recharge and withdrawals. The confined aquifer withdrawals in the LP represent the 23.1% of the groundwater recharge coming from the HP and the 30.6% of the spring belt discharge. Seen that this last one can not further decrease, unless loss of important ecosystems, is likely to think that the present situation can be defined of limit equilibrium.

The effect of Real-Time feedback and incentives on speeding behaviors using Telematics: A randomized controlled trial

Speeding behaviour of drivers is highly correlated to their tangible consequence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of telematics-based feedback and financial incentives in reducing speeding behaviors through a randomized controlled field trial. This randomized controlled trial included four groups of (1) control, (2) information-only, (3) gain-of-reward, and (4) loss-of-reward. While drivers of the control group were unobtrusively monitored using telematics devices, drivers of the information-only group received real-time, weekly, and monthly feedback via text message. In both groups with financial incentives, in addition to receiving feedback, drivers could receive payments at the end of each month based on observed speeding. The primary outcome was the distance traveled at speeds more than 10% (S10 + ) above the posted speed limit as a proportion of the total traveled distance. A total of 397 male taxi drivers consented to participate in the study. After the stratified randomization, the mean age of the participant was 46.0 (95% Confidence Interval: 43.8 to 48.2), 47.0 (44.7 to 49.3), 46.1 (43.7 to 48.5), and 48.8 (46.5 to 51.1) years for the control, the information-only, the gain-of-reward, and the loss-of-reward groups, respectively. The mean S10 + rate per 100 km was 0.9 (0.5 to 1.2) for the control, 0.8 (0.4 to 1.1) for the information-only, 0.7 (0.3 to 1.1) for the gain-of-reward, and 1.3 (0.4 to 2.2) for the loss-of-reward group at the start of intervention. During the intervention phase, the loss-of-reward group with 0.6 (0.5 to 0.7) had the lowest mean of S10 + rate, followed by the gain-of-reward group with 0.8 (0.7 to 0.8). The loss-of-reward and gain-of-reward groups were the most influenced groups by the intervention, with 38.0% (13.2 to 55.7; p-value < 0.01) and 29.4% (2.0 to 49.2; p-value = 0.04) less S10 + rate than the control group, respectively. It was figured out that providing information regarding drivers' behavior without appropriating motives or penalties would have a minuscule impact.In addition, the group of drivers who were treated with instant punishment was the most influenced group by the intervention.

Literacy and STEM Teachers Adapt AI Ethics Curriculum

This article examines the ways secondary computer science and English Language Arts teachers in urban, suburban, and semi-rural schools adapted a project-based AI ethics curriculum to make it better fit their local contexts. AI ethics is an urgent topic with tangible consequences for youths’ current and future lives, but one that is rarely taught in schools. Few teachers have formal training in this area as it is an emerging field even at the university level. Exploring AI ethics involves examining biases related to race, gender, and social class, a challenging task for all teachers, and an unfamiliar one for most computer science teachers. It also requires teaching technical content which falls outside the comfort zone of most humanities teachers. Although none of our partner teachers had previously taught an AI ethics project, this study demonstrates that their expertise and experience in other domains played an essential role in providing high quality instruction. Teachers designed and redesigned tasks and incorporated texts and apps to ensure the AI ethics project would adhere to district and department level requirements; they led equity-focused inquiry in a way that both protected vulnerable students and accounted for local cultures and politics; and they adjusted technical content and developed hands-on computer science experiences to better challenge and engage their students. We use Mishra and Kohler’s TPACK framework to highlight the ways teachers leveraged their own expertise in some areas, while relying on materials and support from our research team in others, to create stronger learning experiences.

Toward an era of impact of digital contingency management in the treatment of substance use disorders

Digital contingency management entails remote methods to obtain biochemical confirmation of drug status and provide desirable, tangible consequences contingent on abstinence. Advances in digital CM suggest that it may be on the cusp of making a public health impact. Specific advances include technological capabilities and affordability, companies that specialize in digital CM, policies and reimbursement models, and the increasing availability of resources related to CM. Digital CM has expanded from cigarette smoking to alcohol and illicit substance misuse, and to include a diverse range of underserved and high-risk groups (e.g., pregnant and postpartum women, socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, adolescents, and rural populations). Although the digital divide continues to narrow, culturally responsive methods may increase uptake and engagement with digital CM. The promise of digital CM is widescale access to an evidence-based treatment with low staff burden, no side effects, high fidelity engagement, acceptability, and effectiveness, and greater equity. We may be close to realizing this promise.

Linkages between COVID-19, solar UV radiation, and the Montreal Protocol

There are several connections between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), solar UV radiation, and the Montreal Protocol. Exposure to ambient solar UV radiation inactivates SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. An action spectrum describing the wavelength dependence of the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by UV and visible radiation has recently been published. In contrast to action spectra that have been assumed in the past for estimating the effect of UV radiation on SARS-CoV-2, the new action spectrum has a large sensitivity in the UV-A (315–400 nm) range. If this “UV-A tail” is correct, solar UV radiation could be much more efficient in inactivating the virus responsible for COVID-19 than previously thought. Furthermore, the sensitivity of inactivation rates to the total column ozone would be reduced because ozone absorbs only a small amount of UV-A radiation. Using solar simulators, the times for inactivating SARS-CoV-2 have been determined by several groups; however, many measurements are affected by poorly defined experimental setups. The most reliable data suggest that 90% of viral particles embedded in saliva are inactivated within ~ 7 min by solar radiation for a solar zenith angle (SZA) of 16.5° and within ~ 13 min for a SZA of 63.4°. Slightly longer inactivation times were found for aerosolised virus particles. These times can become considerably longer during cloudy conditions or if virus particles are shielded from solar radiation. Many publications have provided evidence of an inverse relationship between ambient solar UV radiation and the incidence or severity of COVID-19, but the reasons for these negative correlations have not been unambiguously identified and could also be explained by confounders, such as ambient temperature, humidity, visible radiation, daylength, temporal changes in risk and disease management, and the proximity of people to other people. Meta-analyses of observational studies indicate inverse associations between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity or severity of COVID-19, although the quality of these studies is largely low. Mendelian randomisation studies have not found statistically significant evidence of a causal effect of 25(OH)D concentration on COVID-19 susceptibility or severity, but a potential link between vitamin D status and disease severity cannot be excluded as some randomised trials suggest that vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for people admitted to a hospital. Several studies indicate significant positive associations between air pollution and COVID-19 incidence and fatality rates. Conversely, well-established cohort studies indicate no association between long-term exposure to air pollution and infection with SARS-CoV-2. By limiting increases in UV radiation, the Montreal Protocol has also suppressed the inactivation rates of pathogens exposed to UV radiation. However, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that the expected larger inactivation rates without the Montreal Protocol would have had tangible consequences on the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic.Graphical abstract

Unfulfilled Promise: Pollinator Declines, Crop Deficits, and Diet-Associated Disease.

Unfulfilled Promise: Pollinator Declines, Crop Deficits, and Diet-Associated Disease.

Pandemic publishing: A bibliometric review of COVID‐19 research in the crisis and disaster literature

Iconic events have traditionally instigated progression in the fields of crisis and disaster science. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the pressing question is how this global health emergency impacted the research agendas of our field. We reviewed contributions in ten important crisis and disaster journals in the two and a half years following the COVID-19 outbreak from 1 January 2020 to 30 June 2022. Specifically, we conducted a bibliometric review using thematic mapping analysis to distill the major themes covered by the emerging COVID-19 literature within crisis and disaster science (N = 239 articles). Our results indicate that several well-known topics are applied to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as risk, crisis communication, governance, resilience and vulnerability. The pandemic also gave rise to new topics, such as citizen behavior, state power, and the business and mental health impact of crisis measures. Several studies are already looking ahead by identifying lessons for preparedness and mitigation of future pandemics. By taking stock of the surge of COVID-19 studies while this academic literature is still taking shape, this review sets the stage for future contributions to the crisis and disaster literatures. It provides valuable lessons for what topics are studied and what themes need more attention. The COVID-19 pandemic is destined to become an iconic event for our literature that not only strengthens and deepens existing debates, but also clearly offers the opportunity to draw in new perspectives and broaden the horizon of crisis and disaster science.