Tanah Papua Research Articles

The Urgency of Recognition the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Asymmetric Decentralization in Papua and Papua Barat

Asymmetric decentralization is a special method given to certain provinces in Indonesia amidst the diversity of cultures, customs and specialties of certain regions. The central government's policy in the form of regional autonomy apparently has an impact on indigenous communities, resulting in frequent conflicts and unclear recognition of customary rights, especially in Tanah Papua. The aim of the research is to determine the importance of recognizing indigenous communities in asymmetric decentralization in Papua and West Papua. The research method used is qualitative, data was obtained by searching the literature and presented with descriptive analysis. The results of this research are that Indonesia does not yet have regulations at the "law" level that recognize the existence and rights of indigenous peoples, especially in Papua and West Papua. One of the government's admissions is that through Asymmetric Decentralization with special autonomy it still causes public dissatisfaction. Therefore, recognition of people's rights through draft laws or "laws" is very important to implement. According to the research, ratifying the Indigenous Peoples Bill is essential for strengthening the legal and policy foundation for indigenous peoples' rights fulfillment.

The Role of Fear and Memory in West Papua's Ethnonationalist Conflict

In the West Papua conflict, fear fuels both Papuan ethnonationalist and Indonesian nationalist sentiment. We argue that this reciprocal fear and memoria passionis plays a significant role in fuelling political violence. On the one hand, it provokes Papuan activists to respond violently to Indonesian military operations. Fear of losing future generations of indigenous Papuans has strengthened their identity as Papuans and encouraged them to join armed movements against Indonesia. On the other hand, fear of West Papuan independence leads the Indonesian military and police to conduct operations against members of the Free Papua Movement and affiliated groups and other activists not in the independence movement. This results in a "reciprocal fear-fuelled nationalism," whereby Indonesian security forces and Papuan separatist activists are drawn into increasing conflict. In this context, fear becomes institutionalized and socially constructed. By understanding the unending violent conflict in Tanah Papua as related to the transfer of emotions across generations, it becomes clear a military operations approach will not be effective in the long term. Non-violent approaches, especially dialogue with separatist groups, will be more effective in breaking the chain of violent memories, resulting in more positive outcomes for conflict resolution in Papua. Learning from negotiations between the government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement in 2005, we support the proposition that dialogue is the best entry point by which to end this prolonged separatist armed conflict.

Reducing the effects of greenhouse gas emissions of organic waste by utilizing banana stems as starter local pig feed

In Tanah Papua, banana stems have been used as feed by local pig farmers but with a very simple processing method so that has not had a significant impact on the economic traits local pig production. The research aim is to determine an appropriate level of FBSs as a complete feed for local pig’s starters. A total of 12 local piglets aged about 6-12 weeks were given feed treatment using FBSs at levels of 0, 5,10 and 15%. The variables studied were the level of ration consumption (dry matter consumption, crude protein consumption, crude fiber consumption), daily again, and feed efficiency. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with SPSS version 24 program, then the results of ANOVA gave a significant effect followed by the Tukey test. The results showed that the complete feed treatment of FBS was quite good for local pigs starter because the pigs showed good performance. The FBS complete feed produced crude protein (CP) and metabolic energy (ME) relatively higher than the recommended Indonesian national standard (SNI) for pig starter feed. Feed treatment at 10% FBS was considered quite good based on the average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE).

Experiences of the Yayasan Pendidikan Islam (Yapis) di Tanah Papua in Extending Human Resources

The territory of Papua has many obstacles for transportation and human resource development for indigenous Papuan. In this situation, Yayasan Pendidikan Islam (Yapis) di Tanah Papua emerges as one of institutions committed in helping the people and government in Tanah Papua to improve the quality of human resources intensively. Yapis has contributed significantly to improve quality of human resources is 198 educational institutions have spread from basic education to higher education in Tanah Papua. This research was carried out with a qualitative design with a case study format. Information containing data and facts was obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation studies from main sources, such as Yapis administrators, managers of educational institutions (UPT) under Yapis, students, and stakeholders. Analysis of the validity of the information obtained in this paper using the data cross-check method. The results show that Yapis's strategic planning in the development of human resources in Tanah Papua includes the decision on policies regarding the establishment and development of UPTs under Yapis, planning for the availability of human resources, attractiveness of educational facilities and infrastructure to the existence of extra-curricular activities (extracurricular), cadre and fulfilment the welfare of Yapis human resources optimally.

Adaptive Stigma Coping Among Papuans Living with HIV: a Qualitative Study in One of the Indigenous People, Indonesia.

The indigenous Papuans of Indonesia's Tanah Papua Island have been a distinct cultural and racial entity from the rest of the country's inhabitants. Furthermore, antiretroviral therapy's inability to reduce mortality and incidence rates in this region has sparked public interest in HIV issues, which has resulted in increased stigma. Papuans were more interested in memorizing the symptoms than using antiretroviral as an effective therapy. This study aimed to analyze the coping level of HIV-infected Papuans to overcome related stigma. A qualitative study was conducted with data collected through semi-structured interviews in 2018, and 13 Papuans who had experiences with antiretroviral therapy (ART) participated in audio-recorded interviews. The discussions were focused on the ways to deal with stigma after the HIV diagnosis. Furthermore, data were transcribed verbatim using the framework analysis for qualitative study. According to the study results, Papuans were shown to have effectively used self-distancing, self-blame, and self-stigmatization coping mechanisms, according to the results. The people temporarily utilize ART until their health returns to normal. This study indicates that ART has been used to cope with stigma. However, the use was temporary since the misunderstanding regarding use of ART remains high. ART education should be addressed since Papuans are willing to adopt the method provided the benefits are fully comprehended. In addition, the participation of healthcare workers such as pharmacies should be increased since they can explain antiretroviral terms.

Papua at the Crossroads: A Plea for Systematic Conservation Planning in One of the Largest Remaining Areas of Tropical Rainforest

Land-use change has progressed rapidly throughout the Indonesian archipelago and is now intruding into western New Guinea (Tanah Papua), one of the world’s last wilderness areas with extensive tracts of pristine and highly diverse tropical rainforests. Tanah Papua has reached a crossroads between accelerating environmental degradation and sustainable development policies entailing landscape-scale conservation targets, pledged in the Manokwari Declaration. We assessed the representation of ecoregions and elevational zones within Tanah Papua’s protected area network to identify its shortcomings at broad spatial scales. Lowland ecoregions are less protected than mountainous regions, with half of the western and southern lowlands designated for land-use concessions. Under the direct threat from land-use change, the political motivation in Tanah Papua toward conservation- and culture-centered land management provides a window of opportunity for scientifically guided, proactive conservation planning that integrates sustainable development for the benefit of Indigenous communities.

Keragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu Superfamili Papilionoidae di Hutan Desa Kampung Ubadari, Fakfak dan Sekitarnya

Tanah Papua is known to harbor high number of species richness and endemism, both in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. It stretches from snow-capped mountains to most-pristine coral reefs. However, with the improvement of social-economic and accessibility, infrastructure development has been accelerated in last decades. On one hand infrastructure development and improving social-economic are welcome, but without proper planning these progress can spoil the development and certainly ecosystems itself. It is known that many development that require conservation of natural ecosystems or forests are done with very limited data. Even for planning at the smallest management units, such as hutan desa, often have been done without sound data. This survey was designed to document Papilionidaer richness and potential in forests in Kampung Ubadari and its surrounding, Fakfak. Butterfly was observed randomly in the forests and openings in and around Kampung Ubadari, for 9 days from 08:00-16:00. About 103 species from 5 families were recorded during this observation. Nymphalidae with 45 species is the highest. Two endemic species     Mycalesis pernotata andHarsiesis yolanthe   are endemic New Guinea , which rare elsewhere, but recorded abundantly these forests and one protected species Ornithopther priamus. &nbsp

Implementasi Keteladanan Pemimpin Rohani Berdasarkan Filipi 2: 1-8 Bagi Gembala Gereja Pentakosta Di Papua Klasis Mimika

The main problem in this research is the example of spiritual leaders when shepherding the congregation. Some of the factors that make the pastor not an example are repentance, character, and minimal human resources. This study applies a qualitative method. The researcher uses the Bible as the main source, also uses literature from several sources of books and journals, to get a clear picture of the example of spiritual leaders based on Philippians 2:1-8, which will later be implemented in the leadership of the pastoral congregation of the Pentecostal Church in Tanah Papua (GPDP). Special Mimika Classics. The results of the study show that in Christian leadership, the pastor as the leader of the local congregation can influence the people he leads. Philippians 2:1-8 is Paul's writing that teaches about the example of Jesus Christ as a spiritual leader, which can be seen from principles, ministry, and personality.

Response of People in Tanah Papua in Assessing Special Autonomy as a Challenge and Achievement

This article aims to analyze the response of the people in Tanah Papua regarding Special Autonomy. Special autonomy in Papua both in Papua Province and West Papua Province is part of the realization of the 1945 constitution and Pancasila. Whereas with equitable justice and the level of welfare of the people in Indonesia, it must become a shared responsibility, both from the central government to the regional governments. The problem was focused on the influence of Special Autonomy in the land of Papua which had an impact on conflict and its development towards improving the welfare of the people in Papua through the responses of the people in assessing this special autonomy. In order to approach this problem, the theory of implementation of public policy by Abdul Wahab Solichin was used. The data were collected through a literature method or approach and were analyzed qualitatively. This study concludes that with the response from the people in Tanah Papua, it will make this Special Autonomy better with autocritics from every element of Papuan society with an appropriate implementation pattern so that it has an impact on the level of prosperity and quality of the indigenous Papuan people.

Road development and Indigenous hunting in Tanah Papua: Connecting the facts for future wildlife conservation agendas

Road development is increasing worldwide. Generally, examples of road building in tropical countries demonstrate that road access can assist the fight against rural poverty, but such developments are also linked to deforestation, pollution, invasions of exotic species, and environmental degradation. For Papua and West Papua provinces (Tanah Papua) in Indonesia, the development of the provincial road network is intended to improve the rural economy, aiming to alleviate poverty within isolated rural areas. However, road development can pose particularly challenging problems to rural and Indigenous communities. Poorly planned roads can be devastating when they provide easy access to illegal hunting that threatens endangered species. In this study, we discuss how road development in Tanah Papua has changed indigenous hunting. Native Papuans have benefited from improved road access, which allows them to sell their agricultural products at local markets. Increased road connectivity has also changed how local people use natural resources and forest products, moving from subsistence to a more market-based orientation. Although policies on infrastructure development including roads form part of Indonesia’s national program, they are not automatically compatible with a sustainable development program in Tanah Papua. To foster more equitable and sustainable road development, government agencies must improve their overall coordination of further road expansion plans by promoting green infrastructure that supports the sustainable use of natural resources in a way that is reconciled with traditional knowledge of local people. Such efforts may also have positive effects on the efforts to protect biodiversity within the wider government conservation agendas.

An annotated bird checklist for Gam island, Raja Ampat, including field notes on species monitoring and conservation

Species checklists are a fundamental component of biodiversity research. They foster understanding of species distributions and habitat preferences, thus reducing gaps of knowledge in geographical occurrences of species. Especially in light of the limited availability of data on species distributions for Tanah Papua, an increasing scientific focus on the region is crucial to foster and refine the knowledge of species occurrences and to inform potential conservation planning. Despite a strong focus on conservation of Raja Ampat´s marine areas, surprisingly few studies have focused on the terrestrial biodiversity of the archipelago. As a consequence, detailed species checklists are largely missing. Here, we provide a preliminary bird species checklist for the island of Gam and its surrounding islands, located in the central Raja Ampat archipelago. During nine sampling periods between 2013 and 2019, we recorded 132 bird species in six distinct habitat types. Of the detected species, six are considered threatened by IUCN Red List criteria. We further recorded three new species for Gam Island, thereby expanding their known extent of occurrence.

Patterns and Trends of Crocodile Trade from Tanah Papua, Indonesia

Crocodylus porosus and C. novaeguineae are two protected and tradable crocodile species in Indonesia. Therefore, precautionary principles are needed in their utilization to ensure sustainability. Although the commodity from these species is traded domestically and internationally, the broader picture of its use in Indonesia is less known. The objectives of the study were to: (1) analyze the domestic trade of crocodiles, and (2) analyze the international trade of crocodiles. The analysis was conducted using data of direct utilization sourced from the wild in the form of skin and hatchlings, data on domestic transport permits, CITES export permits, and the CITES trade database. The study suggested that the harvest of crocodile hatchlings and skin do not represent the actual condition since the skin recorded were only those sent outside of the province. Determining zero harvest quotas of C. porosus did not stop species harvest for domestic trade. The dominant source of C. porosus skin export was captive breeding, while C. novaeguineaewas sourced from the wild. Ranch-sourced skin of both species for export were very low.

Two new species, Cyrtandra bungahijau and C. vittata, and notes on Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from Yapen Island, Indonesia

SummaryTwo new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) are described; one apparently endemic to Yapen Island, Tanah Papua, the other present in Tanah Papua and in Papua New Guinea: both species are described and illustrated, and preliminary conservation assessments given. Notes on the identity of other known collections of Cyrtandra from Yapen are provided.

A time for locally driven development in Papua and West Papua

ABSTRACTThe vast biocultural diversity of Tanah Papua (Land of Papua) are important resources for local economic development, especially where their sustainable use incorporates affirmative action to ensure that indigenous communities capture the resulting benefits. Papuan stakeholders already have their own detailed plans, and there are some success stories to instil confidence in the abilities of the indigenous peoples of Papua to lead their own development. Multi-stakeholder approaches are known to work well, and in this case, locally driven initiatives are also known to be promising. This viewpoint suggests the need for a balance between inclusive participation in multi-stakeholder programmes and the enhancement of locally driven initiatives.

Connecting social forestry to conservation policies in Tanah Papua

Papua is the region with the largest remaining forest resources in Indonesia. This amounts to 42,224,840 hectares of forest areas, which in other words means that 95% of its total area is listed as forests. The breadth of forest coverage is formalized by Forestry Ministerial Decree of Indonesia no. 891/Kpts-II/1999 on the Designation of Provincial Forest Area and Inland Waters in Tanah Papua. Meanwhile, forest resources plays an important part of people’s lives in Tanah Papua and holds an important function among customary communities in Papua. Nevertheless, as yet there has been no meaningful social forestry program that provides direct benefits to communities. As a response to the special autonomy of Papua, several initiatives aimed at providing formal access and support services to local people in forest resource management. Ironically however, such initiatives are discouraged by the central government, arguing that they should originate from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Despite these circumstances, Tambrauw and West Papua have declared themselves to be a conservation district and conservation province, respectively. This article attempts to briefly portray the dynamics of these conservation initiatives and the possibilities of developing synergy with social forestry programming in Tambrauw District and West Papua Province.

The Manokwari Declaration: Challenges ahead in conserving 70% of Tanah Papua’s forests

The Manokwari Declaration is an unprecedented pledge by the governors of Indonesia’s two New Guinea provinces to promote conservation and become SE Asia’s new Costa Rica. This is an exciting, yet challenging endeavour that will require working on many fronts that transcend single disciplines. Because Indonesian New Guinea has the largest expanse of intact forests in SE Asia, large-scale conservation pledges like the Manokwari Declaration will have a global impact on biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation.

MENEROPONG TIPOLOGI BAHASA-BAHASA DI PAPUA: SUATU TINJUAN SINGKAT

Tanah Papua, both the Indonesia provinces of Papua and West Papua, is the most diverse linguistic region that has the highest number of indigenous languages in Indonesia. Out of 760s languages in Indonesia, Tanah Papua has about 270s languages. The diversity of languages are not only about the number of languages but also about the linguistic features. Languages is Tanah Papua are divided into two major groups, which are Austronesian and non-Austronesian (known as Papuan) languages. Both major linguistic groups contribute diverse linguistic features ranging from phonological system, word, phrase, clause and sentence structures, as well as diversity of semantic and pragmatic structures. The linguistic diversity is also determined by a contact language history in the region that has been occurred for centuries, especially in the regions of Jayapura and the Bird’s Head of New Guinea. Although the region is linguistically rich, not many linguistic reseach has been doing in the region. We therefore do not have a comprehensive understanding about languages in Papua yet. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief description about grammatical features of languages in Tanah Papua.

Local Leadership Legal Of Etnography In Traditional Area In Papua (Legal Anthropology Perspective)

The purpose of this paper describing the ethnography of the law of adat leadership in the seven indigenous territories in Tanah Papua is the perspective of legal anthropology, which is one of the ethnographic frameworks of the Papuan ethnography in particular from the cultural elements of social organizations. Ethnography of the law of traditional leadership lives in the culture and customary law of the community or ethnic group as the living law, classified into four types of ethnographic typology of customary leadership law: 1) leadership system of the man of authority/Big Man (Menagawan/Tonowi), 2) Klen Leadership System (Keondoafian/Ondofolo/Ontofro/Chaisoi, 3) Raja's leadership system (Fun / Weight), 4) Mixed leadership system (Sera/Mananwir). The nature of the four typologies is the customary government structure of the people or ethnic groups spread across seven indigenous territories: 1) La Pago, 2) Me Pago, 3) Ha Anim, 4) Tabi/Mamta, and 5) Saireri (in Papua Province), Doberay and Bomberay (in West Papua Province), as regional development capital in Papua in the future, and as a development challenge for regional governments, the world of higher education, in organizing communities or ethnic groups in Papua facing the era of globalization.

Risk Factors Associated with HIV Infection among General Population in Tanah Papua: Secondary Data Analysis of IBBS in Tanah Papua, Indonesia 2013

HIV prevalence in adult general population in Tanah Papua, has exceeded 1%. Unlike in other regions of the country, that status of the HIV epidemic has entered an early phase of generalized epidemic. The aim of this cross-sectional study as part of National IBBS in Tanah Papua in 2013 was to determine the most important risk factors associated with HIV infection among general population in Tanah Papua in year 2013. The respondents were 5, 334 people aged 15–49 years old who were willing to blood rapid test to determine the HIV status and successfully interviewed. The result showed the HIV prevalence in general population in Tanah Papua was 2.3% (95%CI: 1.5%-3.4%). There were four determinants significantly associated with HIV infection among the general population: topography, ethnicity, access to VCT services, and cost of VCT services. Particularly for males: topography, ethnicity, status of polygamy, circumcision, access to VCT services were also significantly associated with HIV infection.

Prestige and Powers of "The World Big Power'', Tanah Papua as Specific Case

The article, Prestige and Powers of "The World of Big Power'', Tanah Papua as Specific Case, the author intends for Subtopic to two and at the same time can also to accommodate the third problem of formulation being raised in dissertation entitled: " Re-Roadmap of the Papuan in State of Papua Courant West : “A Peaceful Solution Recovering of Identity”. That is by treading Returning Roadmap, referring to Unilateral Declaration of Independence/UDI of the Papua Nation and the Federal Republic of West Papua/NRFPB on October 19, 2011. The study describes in five main topics, namely, (1) Defining "Hidden Structure" in Melanesian-Papua Social Cultural highlighting Papuanistiecs and Melanesianology; (2) Prestige and Powers of “The World Big Power'', Tanah Papua as Specific Case, reveals how the influence of ”The Giant Powers” to the problem of Papua; (3) Federalism in Indonesia revealing Melanesian-Papua in Tanah Papua as Special Case versus the Unitary Republic of Indonesia; (4) Constitution vis-à -vis Constitution illustrates the philosophical correlation among Indonesian constitution 1945 versus Papua constitution 1999; (5) Unilateral Declaration/UDI of the Papua Nation and NRFPB on October 19, 2011. The background of the study is based on two keys of Morgenthou thoughts: First, Morgenthou (2012) confirmed that, during the 17 years from 1945 to 1962, the process to Indonesia-nizing the Papuans are generally still in the stage of seeding while growing only in some urban areas and the government center. Awareness to be Indonesian-ness was yet to reach all areas of Papua. Morgenthou (2012) that the presence of all Indonesia's past greatly influenced the policies and the approach taken by both the Dutch and Indonesian government through the nationalist’s initiators role at that time. Second, study of LIPI in 2007 (Soewarsono, ed.) is still questions to the Indonesian-ness of Papuans reinforces the view of Morgenthou (2012), which states that the process to Indonesian-ness among Papuans still weak. Morgenthou concluded that, in fact, to understand the history of Papua will become a basic reference for the government seek and find out the right way and dignified in overcoming the issues of Papua, though on the other hand George Junus Aditjondro, 1999 clamming, the Government and Important People of Indonesia has curled the history of Papua which by the Papuans wanting to be straightened out: "This is the dark history of Papua in Indonesian Historiography". Thoughts of Morgenthou strengthens the authors thought that the various problems occurred in Papua, especially the facts involve "Merdeka Papua". Referring to the failure of Indonesia-nizing of the Papuans, it appears that it is not necessary regrettable because in fact, they are different by nature or in the growth process since in the hands of Dutch colonial control of the Dutch East Indies (for Papua 1826-1949-1962). Precisely when indecision of the President of Indonesia to the case of Papua was safe step into alternative measures of the Melanesian-Papua themselves must be hacked through, UDI of Papuan Nation and NRFPB on October 19, 2011. The research focuses on studies of literature and interviews by the method of Descriptive Analysis and to assemble the Hidden Structure and Correlation Studies to reflect the relationships between aspects on the basis of Motivation Theory, Theory of Conflict, Theory of Social Change and Theory of Balance and Theory of Realist implied through sub-theories positioned as tools to characterize, recognize, and understanding as well as tools to analyze (dissect) the problems issues to be raised in this written work. In connection with this, the author is improving the nature of Hidden Structure as Grand Theory. Formulations of the problems might be: (1). How to understand the present of the Melanesian-Papua in Tanah Papua? (2). May the existence of Papua to be returning to the attention of Prestige and Powers of "The World Big Power" for its political status to be reviewed at the UN? (4). Whether, the Melanesian-Papua and the Indonesian in Tanah Papua can together according to the federalist order of Melanesian-Papua? (4). How is the condition of Indonesian society and customs of Melanesian-Papua can be brought together to create a bilateral solidarity for the multilateralbeneficial and usefulness?