Tan Lesion Research Articles

Effective chemical protection against Maydis Leaf Blight of Maize incited by Helminthosporium maydis under the in-vitro and in-vivo condition

Maydis leaf blight, a serious devastating disease affecting maize crop throughout the country, is characterized by long, spindle-shaped elliptical and tan lesion which appears first on lower leaves caused by Helminthosporium maydis. In the present study, different fungicides were tested under in-vitro as well as in-vivo condition. The result revealed that among the fungicides used under in vitro at 50,100,150,200 and 250 ppm concentration, Propiconazole was effective against the pathogen followed by Mancozeb, Carbendazim, Chlorothalonil and COC over control respectively. While under field condition, One, two and three sprays of 4 fungicides along with seed treatment with SAAF @ 3gm/kg seed were evaluated and found that Propiconazole @ 0.1% showed a reduction in PDI (%) at all spray i.e. One (28.67%), two (31.00%) and three (34.75%) over control which showed PDI of 64.01%, 61.09% and 56.38% at all three sprays respectively. Based on antifungal efficiency, Chlorothalonil @ 0.1 % found less effective with 63.50%, 67.50% and 73.20% PDI at all three consecutive sprays.

Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Extrahepatic Bile Duct: A Case Report

Abstract Introduction Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the biliary system is extremely rare and its clinicopathological features and impact on prognosis are not well known. We report the extremely rare case of SRCC originating from the extrahepatic bile duct. Case Report We present a 76-year-old female who had elevated liver enzymes noted on routine laboratory test. Abdominal imaging revealed a polypoid mass within the central bile duct, located above the level of pancreatic head with proximal intrahepatic duct dilatation with no significant lymphadenopathy or ascites. Total bilirubin was normal, alanine transaminase level was 163 IU/L, and aspartate aminotransferase was 55 IU/L. The patient underwent common bile duct excision with cholecystectomy. The specimen showed a 3.3-cm centrally located tan polypoid lesion in the common bile duct with adjacent firm lymph node. Microscopic examination of the lesion revealed sheets of tumors cells with signet ring cell morphology underlying benign biliary epithelium. The lymph node was completely replaced by neoplastic cells. The neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for CDX2 and focally positive for CK7 and CK20. The histomorphology and immunophenotype are consistent with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell type. Conclusion SRCC of the extrahepatic bile duct is a histologically distinct entity classified by the World Health Organization, but it is very rare. To best of our knowledge, only five cases of SRCC of the extrahepatic bile duct have been reported in the English literature.

First Report on Physiological Races of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd Causing Asian Soybean Rust in India

First Report on Physiological Races of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd Causing Asian Soybean Rust in India The physiological variability studies were carried out for 17 isolates collected from different growing environment of India. Three pathotypes were identified based on physiological variability on 13 international set of differentials namely Cluster I-Reddish Brown (RB) lesion producing pathotypes, Cluster II- TAN lesion producing pathotypes and Cluster III- Mixed or RB + TAN producing pathotypes. Based on the reaction of Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolates on two differentials PI 230971 and PI 200492, Race 2 produced RB type lesions on PI 230971 and TAN type on the other differentials and Race 3 produced TAN type lesion PI 200492 and RB type lesion on the other differentials were identified. Based on reaction on these two differentials, Race 2 and Race 3 are prevalent in Karnataka state while, only Race 2 was prevalent in Maharashtra and north eastern states...

Syringomatous Eccrine Carcinoma of the Vulva

Abstract Background: Skin adnexal neoplasms of the vulva are uncommon, and malignant adnexal neoplasms of the vulva are rare. A case of syringomatous eccrine carcinoma (SEC) arising in the perineum is presented, and the literature reviewed. Case: A woman in her mid-70s presented with a perineal mass. After biopsy confirmation of the diagnosis, she underwent wide local excision of a 6.0 × 5.0 × 3.0 cm solid mass. The lesion came within 2 mm of the resection margin, and had lymph vascular space involvement. She was subsequently referred for radiation therapy. Results: Pathology testing showed that the multinodular yellow–tan lesion had eroded through the surface epithelium. Histologically, the tumor was composed of nests and sheets of poorly differentiated epithelial cells. At the periphery of the tumor, a spray pattern of keratinizing infiltrating eccrine ducts confirmed the diagnosis of SEC. Conclusions: Nonsquamous malignancy of the vulva should be considered when there are vulval lesions. All suspicious...

Prevalence of pathotypes of <em>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</em> Syd. causing Asian soybean rust in India

Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. is a potential disease causing severe losses in yield and oil quality of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The physiological variability studies were carried out for 25 isolates collected from different growing environment of Karnataka, India during Kharif 2010-2012. Morphological and cultural characters of 25 isolates were studied under identical condition. Among 25 isolates, the maximum uredospore size was found in Ugarkhurd isolate (90.93×70.05 μm). The differential JS-335 reacted to the maximum of eight isolates, and isolate Rayanal produced both RB and TAN reaction on most of the differentials. In the clustering of different isolates into pathotypes, the cluster analysis indicated the expression of eight isolates on differential JS-335 and there was no expression of all the isolates on differential PI-459024B. In cluster-II, nine isolates expressed on PI-200492, while one isolate expressed on JS-335. In cluster-III, 23 isolates expressed on PI-459024B and 12 isolates expressed on PI-200492. Hence, this study described the three pathotypes that causes soybean rust in India namely, Cluster I-Reddish Brown (RB) lesion producing pathotypes, Cluster II - TAN lesion producing pathotypes and Cluster III - Mixed or RB + TAN producing pathotypes. This information could further be used for identification of race pattern in Karnataka and other major rust prone areas of India.

Molecular mapping of soybean rust resistance in soybean accession PI 561356 and SNP haplotype analysis of the Rpp1 region in diverse germplasm

Soybean rust (SBR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow, is one of the most economically important and destructive diseases of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and the discovery of novel SBR resistance genes is needed because of virulence diversity in the pathogen. The objectives of this research were to map SBR resistance in plant introduction (PI) 561356 and to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes within the region on soybean chromosome 18 where the SBR resistance gene Rpp1 maps. One-hundred F(2:3) lines derived from a cross between PI 561356 and the susceptible experimental line LD02-4485 were genotyped with genetic markers and phenotyped for resistance to P. pachyrhizi isolate ZM01-1. The segregation ratio of reddish brown versus tan lesion type in the population supported that resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene. The gene was mapped to a 1-cM region on soybean chromosome 18 corresponding to the same interval as Rpp1. A haplotype analysis of diverse germplasm across a 213-kb interval that included Rpp1 revealed 21 distinct haplotypes of which 4 were present among 5 SBR resistance sources that have a resistance gene in the Rpp1 region. Four major North American soybean ancestors belong to the same SNP haplotype as PI 561356 and seven belong to the same haplotype as PI 594538A, the Rpp1-b source. There were no North American soybean ancestors belonging to the SNP haplotypes found in PI 200492, the source of Rpp1, or PI 587886 and PI 587880A, additional sources with SBR resistance mapping to the Rpp1 region.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the uterus: report a case with clinical, radiological and macroscopic features resembling a uterine fibroid

Introduction Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a histologically low-grade neoplasm of myofibroblasts and is most commonly seen in lung. Uterine IMT is a rare entity with limited number of cases reported in the literature. Case report We report a case of uterine IMT in a 65-year-old woman presenting with menorrhagia. Her ultrasound showed an intramural ‘fibroid’ 18 mm in diameter. Macroscopic examination of the uterus identified a well defined intramural pale tan rubbery lesion consistent with the ‘fibroid’ described by the ultrasound. In histological examination, this was a spindle cell lesion with bland nuclear features, rare mitoses and scattered small aggregates of mononuclear chronic inflammatory cells. The tumour cells exhibited strong widespread cytoplasmic staining with ALK-1 as well as patchy strong cytoplasmic staining with smooth muscle actin and desmin. CD34 staining was negative. The findings were consistent with an IMT. Discussion Uterine IMTs appear to behave in an indolent fashion. A constellation of morphologic and immunohistochemical features, including ALK expression, distinguishes this entity from its malignant mimics and allows for a more conservative management than dictated by uterine sarcomas. This case emphasises the significance of considering IMT as a possible differential diagnosis in a uterine lesion.

Mapping and Confirmation of the ‘Hyuuga’ Red‐Brown Lesion Resistance Gene for Asian Soybean Rust

ABSTRACTAsian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd., is a widespread disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] with the potential to cause serious economic losses. The objective of this study was to genetically map red‐brown lesion type resistance from the cultivar Hyuuga. A population of 117 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross of Dillon (tan lesion) × Hyuuga (red‐brown [RB] lesion) was rated for ASR lesion type in the field and inoculated with P. pachyrhizi in the greenhouse. The RB resistance gene mapped between Satt460 and Satt307 on linkage group (LG)‐C2. When field severity and lesion density in the greenhouse were mapped, the Rpp?(Hyuuga) locus explained 22 and 15% of the variation, respectively (P < 0.0001). The RB lesion type was associated with lower severity, fewer lesions, and reduced sporulation when compared to the tan lesion type. A population from the cross of Benning × Hyuuga was screened with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in the region on LG‐C2 flanked by Satt134 and Satt460. Genotype at these markers was used to predict lesion type when the plants were exposed to P. pachyrhizi All the lines selected for the Hyuuga markers in this interval had the RB lesion type and they averaged approximately 50% fewer lesions compared to lines with tan lesions. Sporulation was only detected in 6% of the RB lines compared with 100% of the tan lines. Marker‐assisted selection can be used to develop soybean cultivars with the Rpp?(Hyuuga) gene for resistance to ASR.

Human immunodeficiency virus 1—associated necrotizing cholangitis caused by infection with Septata intestinalis

A 30-year-old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed human immunodeficiency virus 1-related cholangiopathy with atypical radiographic features showing extensive hepatobiliary involvement. Extended clinical evaluation, including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and the results of both ultrasonic- and computed tomographic-guided liver biopsies failed to provide a diagnosis. A laparoscopic needle biopsy of a single 3-cm, firm, tan lesion on the anterior surface of the liver showed severe necrotizing cholangitis. Special stains showed numerous microsporidial spores within the regions of granulomatous inflammation and prominent necrosis. Electron micrographic findings were characteristic of Septata intestinalis, a newly recognized microsporidial species that disseminates from the intestinal tract and is associated with invasive pathology.