Tail Weight Research Articles

Assessment of extreme records in environmental data through the study of stochastic orders for scale mixtures of skew normal vectors

Scale mixtures of skew normal distributions are flexible models well-suited to handle departures from multivariate normality. This paper is concerned with the stochastic comparison of vectors that belong to the family of scale mixtures of skew normal distributions. The paper revisits some of their properties with a proposal that allows to carry out tail weight stochastic comparisons. The connections of the proposed stochastic orders with the non-normality parameters of the multivariate model are also studied for some popular distributions within the family. The role played by these parameters to tackle the non-normality of multivariate data is enhanced as a result. This work is motivated by the analysis of multivariate data in environmental studies which usually collect maximum or minimum values exhibiting departures from normality. The implications of our theoretical results in addressing the stochastic comparison of extreme environmental records is illustrated with an application to a real data study on maximum temperatures in the Iberian Peninsula throughout the last century. The resulting findings may elucidate whether extreme temperatures are evolving for such a long period.

Under the weight of heavy tails: A power law perspective on the emergence of outliers in entrepreneurship

A fundamental discovery in entrepreneurship is that firm outcomes do not follow a symmetrical Gaussian curve. Instead, most are heavily right-skewed distributions in which a few extreme outliers (e.g., rock star firms like Airbnb, Tesla, and Uber) account for a disproportionate amount of the output. Although past research usually described outcome distributions as shaped following the power law, our study asks the following question: What other less extreme distributions of generalizable firm outcomes exist in entrepreneurship? Our investigation leverages four representative datasets from the U.S., Europe, and Australia, comprising 32 samples with about 22,000 ventures. We implemented a precise data-analytic approach that compares each sample (i.e., empirical distribution) against multiple theoretical distribution shapes to identify the best fit. Results showed that, across nearly all samples, the pure power law was not the dominant distribution. Instead, the annual revenue distribution is shaped as a power law with an exponential cutoff, and the number of employees distribution is shaped lognormally. Combined, these suggest the existence of top-down limitations on the highest performing firms. Accordingly, we offer an agenda for future research focused on (a) identifying and releasing systemic constraints, (b) examining and falsifying the underlying generative mechanisms that cause the emergence of heavy-tailed distributions and the outliers therein, and (c) conducting multi-level, mixed-method studies to investigate how micro-level interactions aggregate into macro-level heavy-tailed distributions. Our paper makes significant contributions to the power law perspective and future efforts to explain and predict the emergence of rock star firms in entrepreneurship.

New family of distributions based on the unit modified Burr III distribution

In recent times, there has been significant attention to the improvements to classical probability distributions in the literature. Because of this attention, many probability generators or family distribution functions have emerged. These generators can control the skewness, kurtosis, and tail weight of datasets effectively. The unit modified Burr III family of distributions—an entirely new family of distributions—has been developed. The mathematical and statistical characteristics of this new family have been derived. Two special distributions, the unit modified Burr III Weibull (UMBIIIW) and unit modified Burr III Chen (UMBIIIC) distributions, have been developed from this family. These distributions’ parameters have been estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) technique. A simulation method based on Monte-Carlo was employed to investigate the behavior of these estimators. Next, a real-life dataset was used to demonstrate the UMBIIIC distribution’s applicability. Finally, an entirely new regression equation, called the log unit modified Burr III Weibull (LUMBIIIW) regression equation, was proposed, and real-life data were used to demonstrate how applicable it is. With the data used in the application illustration, the new regression equation offers the best fit among its competitive models.

Сравнительная оценка мясной продуктивности молодняка овец при различных способах откорма

Purpose. Comparative analysis of meat productivity of rams of the Edilbaev breed during their grazing and fattening. Materials and Мethods. Scientific and production experience was carried out in the peasant farm Abdulkhalikov M.A. (Svetloyarsky district, Volgograd region) on two groups of rams of Edilbaev breed. The total number of animals participating in the experiment is 40. The formation of experimental groups was carried out according to the principle of analogues according to the methodology of A.I. Ovsyannikov (1976). The duration of the main experimental period was 120 days. The dynamics of live weight of rams was determined by measuring this indicator in each animal in the morning, before feeding, at the age of 4, 6 and 8 months. The rams were slaughtered (3 heads from each group) when the animals reached the age of 8 months. When studying meat productivity, we took into account: the weight of animals after fasting, the weight of the chilled carcass, the yield of the carcass, the weight and yield of internal fat, the fat tail weight and the yield of fat tail, slaughter weight, slaughter yield. All digital material obtained during the research was processed using statistical methods and Microsoft Excel software and determination Student-Fisher's reliability criterion of the difference. Results. Data on the dynamics of live weight at the age of 8 months indicate that the average live weight of fattening rams was 55.20 kg versus 50.80 kg for their peers in grazing. The difference in favor of fattening rams was 4.40 kg or 8.66% and was significant. Their superiority in absolute and average daily growth was 3.70 kg and 30.8 g, respectively. Over a period of 4 to 8 months, i.e. over 120 days of research, the average daily gain of fattening rams was 185.0 g versus 154.2 g for grazing rams of the same age. Fattening animals were superior to their peers in other slaughter indicators: in carcass weight - by 1.96 kg or 3.6% (P≤0.01), in internal fat weight - by 0.20 kg or 17.24 % (P≤0.01), in fat tail weight – by 0.60 kg or 18.30% (P≤0.05), by slaughter weight – by 3.93 kg or 14.41% (P≤0.01). At the same time, the slaughter yield for fattening rams was 58.10%, which is 1.90% higher than for grazing animals. According to morphological indicators, fattening rams are superior to their peers in fattening in terms of pulp weight by 2.08 kg or 12.17%. There was no significant difference in the mass of bone and connective tissue between animals of different groups. According to the meatiness index, grazing rams were inferior to their peers by 0.43 absolute values. Conclusion. Intensive fattening of young sheep of Edilbayev breed is a more effective method of fattening compared to grazing. The level of profitability of mutton production for fattening rams was 36.16% versus 13.47% for grazing rams of the same age. The difference in favor of fattening rams was 22.69%.

Engineering Applications with Stress-Strength for a New Flexible Extension of Inverse Lomax Model: Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Inference

In this paper, we suggest a brand new extension of the inverse Lomax distribution for fitting engineering time data. The newly developed distribution, termed the transmuted Topp–Leone inverse Lomax (TTLILo) distribution, is characterized by an additional shape and transmuted parameters. It is critical to notice that the skewness, kurtosis, and tail weights of the distribution are strongly influenced by these additional characteristics of the extra parameters. The TTLILo model is capable of producing right-skewed, J-shaped, uni-modal, and reversed-J-shaped densities. The proposed model’s statistical characteristics, including the moments, entropy values, stochastic ordering, stress-strength model, incomplete moments, and quantile function, are examined. Moreover, characterization based on two truncated moments is offered. Using Bayesian and non-Bayesian estimating techniques, we estimate the distribution parameters of the suggested distribution. The bootstrap procedure, approximation, and Bayesian credibility are the three forms of confidence intervals that have been created. A simulation study is used to assess the efficiency of the estimated parameters. The TTLILo model is then put to the test by being applied to actual engineering datasets, demonstrating that it offers a good match when compared to alternative models. Two applications based on real engineering datasets are taken into consideration: one on the failure times of airplane air conditioning systems and the other on the active repair times of airborne communication transceivers. Also, we consider the problem of estimating the stress-strength parameter R=P(Z2<Z1) with engineering application.

New Insights on the Multivariate Skew Exponential Power Distribution

ABSTRACT The multivariate exponential power is a useful distribution for modeling departures from normality in data by means of a tail weight scalar parameter that regulates the non-normality of the model. The incorporation of a shape asymmetry vector into the model serves to account for potential asymmetries and gives rise to the multivariate skew exponential power distribution. This work is aimed at revisiting the skew exponential power distribution taking as a starting point its formulation as a scale mixture of skew-normal distributions. The paper provides some highlights and theoretical insights on the role played by its parameters to assess two complementary aspects of the multivariate non-normality such as directional asymmetry and tail weight behavior regardless of the asymmetry. The intuition behind both issues relies on well-known mathematical ideas about skewness maximization and convex transform stochastic orderings.

Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on dry matter intake, digestibility, body weight gain, blood parameters, and carcass traits in Zandi lambs.

The dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) has gotten much attention recently; however, there is not much evidence on organic matter digestibility, blood parameters, dry matter intake, body weight, and carcass features of male sheep fed with different DCAD diets. The effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on these traits in male lambs under the environmental high temperatures were investigated in this study. Forty male lambs (average body weight of 39 kg) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments with eight replicates. Lambs were fed diets with DCAD levels ranging from 150 (control group) to 300, 450, 600, and 750 mEq/kg dry matter. This study lasted 100 d and used a 21-d adaptation. The results showed that the control group had the highest dry matter intake, dry matter digestibility, and crude protein digestibility (P = 0.02). Also, the lowest amount of average body weight was observed in the control group (P = 0.01). The results showed the different DCAD levels affected the statistical significance in terms of live weight, carcass weight, length and width of muscle cross section, lung weight, spleen weight, and abdominal fat (P = 0.04). As well, the highest ruminal pH was observed in the control group (P = 0.4). The results of the blood glucose parameter showed that control group had a significant effect on the blood glucose level (P = 0.04). Furthermore, the highest abdominal fat weight was observed in the control group (P = 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference between other traits, including skin weight, head weight, leg weight, carcass length, liver weight, kidney weight, heart weight, testicle weight, tail weight, rumen weight, and lactation weight. In summary, increasing DCAD in the diet could improve the production and carcass quality in lambs under environmental high temperatures.

Model-Based Clustering and Classification Using Mixtures of Multivariate Skewed Power Exponential Distributions

Families of mixtures of multivariate power exponential (MPE) distributions have already been introduced and shown to be competitive for cluster analysis in comparison to other mixtures of elliptical distributions, including mixtures of Gaussian distributions. A family of mixtures of multivariate skewed power exponential distributions is proposed that combines the flexibility of the MPE distribution with the ability to model skewness. These mixtures are more robust to variations from normality and can account for skewness, varying tail weight, and peakedness of data. A generalized expectation-maximization approach, which combines minorization-maximization and optimization based on accelerated line search algorithms on the Stiefel manifold, is used for parameter estimation. These mixtures are implemented both in the unsupervised and semi-supervised classification frameworks. Both simulated and real data are used for illustration and comparison to other mixture families.

Non-Carcass Composition of Thin Tail Sheep Fed Indigofera Zollingeriana with Different Maintenance System

The composition of non-carcass thin-tailed sheep fed Indigefera zollingeriana with different rearing systems, was evaluated using twenty sheep with an average initial body weight of 18.3 ± 2.01 kg. The variables observed in this study included the weight of the head, feet, skin, tail, liver, spleen, lungs, heart, kidneys, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, intestines, empty viscera and omnetal fat. The design used in this study was a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. Feed is treatment factor one (P1 = grass + commercial concentrate and P2 = grass + Indigefera zollingeriana) and maintenance is treatment factor two (SI = Semi Intensive and I = Intensive). The results of the study were analyzed by analysis of covariance. and the correction factor is the initial weight of the sheep. The results of this study showed that giving P2 to sheep resulted in lower tail weight but higher kidney weight (P<0.05). In addition, there was an interaction effect (P< 0.05) between treatments on the weight of theomasum and abomasum, where the sheep with P1I treatment had the highest omasum and abomasum weights, while the lowest omasum and abomasum weights were in the P2I treatment.

Influence of age at slaughter and sex on carcass characteristics and technological and sensory quality of Goliath chicken meat.

The Goliath chicken is a slow-growing chicken with a high slaughter weight but whose carcass characteristics and meat quality have not yet been documented. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age at slaughter and sex on the carcass characteristics and technological and sensory meat quality of Goliath chickens raised in southern Benin. Data on the carcass characteristics and technological and sensory quality of meat were collected from 80 chickens raised in confinement and divided into two groups. The first group was reared for 12 weeks of age and the second group was for 20 weeks of age. The animals were individually weighed using an electronic balance (Terraillon 5000g) and then slaughtered. The different parts of the chicken carcass was weighed using the same method. The live, hot carcass, cold carcass, wing, thigh, and tail weights of males were significantly greater than those of females (p < 0.01). The wishbone muscle and thigh and tail assembly pH was lower in the 20-week-old chickens than in the 12-week-old chickens. The brightness and red index of the wishbone of the 20-week-old chickens were significantly higher than those of the 12-week-old chickens (p < 0.001). The red index of the wishbone and the yellow index of the thigh and tail assembly of females were lower than those of males. The meat of 20-week-old Goliath chickens was juicier than that of 12-week-old chickens. Thus, the carcass composition of Goliath chickens is better at 20 weeks of age, especially in males.

Parameter Estimation for Weibull Burr Type X Model with Right Censored Data

Studies have considered generalizing statistical distributions in the past. These were aimed at making such distributions more flexible and suitable for describing real-world phenomena. In this study, we considered exploring the Weibull Burr Type X distribution, which extends the Burr Type X distribution using the Weibull generator. Particularly, the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators for its parameters encompassing the right censored dataset was explored and compared. On the performance of its estimators with respect to bias and root mean square error, we considered the Monte Carlo simulation study to make a comparison using varying sample sizes and censored percentages. We illustrated the usefulness and potentials of the Weibull Burr Type X distribution using a right censored dataset. We considered comparing the fitness of this model to its sub-models using real world dataset. The result showed that the Weibull Burr Type X distribution provides a better fit than other competing models. This indicates that the distribution is flexible and competitive. The Weibull Burr Type X distribution exhibits unimodal and decreasing shapes. The extra parameter in the distribution varies the model's tail weight and introduces skewness into the model. We introduced this model as an alternative to other existing models for modelling right censored data in various research fields and areas of study.

Effects of dietary concentrate level and feeding length on nutrient digestibility, rumen hydrolytic enzymes activity, intermediary metabolites, and feeding behavior in growing fat-tailed lambs: Iranian feedlot system

High concentrate diets (feedlot) are commonly used in the intensive lamb finishing systems. However, the use of high concentrate diets increases the cost of production especially when feeding length (FL) is prolonged. Both levels of concentrate and FL need to be adjusted in order to get the best economic profit in feedlot systems. This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary concentrate level (CL) and FL on nutrients digestibility, activity of rumen hydrolytic enzymes, circulating intermediary metabolites, and feeding behavior of growing fat-tailed lambs. Twenty-seven male Lori-Bakhtiari lambs (26.3 ± 3.3 kg body weight, age 90 ± 15 days) were maintained in individual pens and fed diets with 55% (CL55), 70% (CL70), and 85% (CL85) concentrate level and the remaining with alfalfa hay. The experiment lasted 105d including a 15d of adaptation period. Daily feed intakes, feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily gain (ADG), dry matter digestibility (DMD), feeding behavior were measured three times during the 90d feeding period. Intermediary metabolites in blood and rumen fluid volatile fatty acid, ammonia, protozoa number, α-amylase, carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), microcrystalline cellulase (MCCase), and filter paper-degrading (FPD) activity were measured at 30, 60 and 90 d of feeding. At the end of feeding, final body weight (FBW), carcass weight and relative weight of offal were recorded. Lambs fed CL85 had higher (P < 0.05) ADG, DMD, activities of α-amylase, CMC, MCC, FDP and greater FBW, carcass weight and subcutaneous fat and lower acetate/propionate (AP) ratio, and less blood protein as compared to lambs fed CL55 or CL70. Lambs fed CL55 spent more (P < 0.05) time on eating and chewing than those fed CL70 and CL85. Overall, toward the end of feeding period, DMI, DMD, CPD and activity of α-amylase, CMC, MCC, FDP significantly increased (P < 0.05), while circulating glucose, cholesterol and total protein were decreased(P < 0.05) when compared with early feeding period. Extended feeding worsened FCR values and decreased the utilization efficiency of energy and protein for gain by 31% and 37% respectively. In conclusion, increased feeding length more than 60 days significantly reduces feed efficiency per unit of gain presumably through a shift towards elevated dietary energy usage for fat deposition in the body, evidenced by greater subcutaneous fat content and fat tail weight. The study indicates that the use of concentrate level more than 70% in the ration along with extended feeding length may not be profitable in finishing of fat-tailed lambs.

A new family of decreasing density and hazard quantile functions for modeling time-to-event data

In this paper, a convenient and parsimonious family of the quantile functions is proposed for modeling time-to-event data. Detailed mathematical arguments are presented for deriving the explicit expressions of the quantile density, quantile hazard and quantile mean remaining life functions. Their functional properties are also explored. Some important members of the family are provided. A special case, the so-called additive power logarithmic quantile family, is discussed with detailed properties, parameter estimation and application to time-to-event data. Measures of skewness and kurtosis for the proposed quantile function are derived. Important statistical measures useful for reliability analysis are also provided with their explicit expressions. Stochastic ordering, tail weight and order statistics are also discussed. L-moments are explicitly derived for the proposed quantile function. Estimation is approached using the likelihood function and percentiles. A real data set consists of times between occurrence of the coal-mining accidents is analyzed for illustration purposes.

Desenvolvimento de Curvas de Intensidade-Duração-Frequência de Chuvas Intensas com ênfase no Comportamento da Cauda Superior da Distribuição

Abstract The design and management of various hydraulic structures (such as stormwater drains, bridges and dams) require the estimation of rainfall with duration of a few minutes up to 24 h or more. Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves links probability of occurrence to a given rainfall intensity. The procedure for obtaining IDF curves basically involves two steps: (i) frequency analysis for different durations and (ii) modeling of IDF curves. In the first step, this study aimed to adequately select the upper tail weight of the following distributions: generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized logistic (GLO) and generalized Pareto (GPA). In the second step, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of three models of IDF curves. The traditional model (M1) was compared with empirical model (M2) and a second-order polynomial model (M3). To perform this study, rainfall data from the city of Caraguatatuba (São Paulo state, Brazil) for the period between 1971 and 2001 were used, for time intervals between 10 and 1440 min. The main conclusions were: (i) GLO and GEV had heavy upper tail while GPA had light upper tail, impacting quantiles with T &gt; 100 years; (ii) M3 presents errors lower than M1 for return periods greater than 100 years.

The Study of Analysis of Covariance of Morphometric Relationships of Metapenaeus Brevicornis (H. Milne Edwards)

In order to make quantitative comparisons between shrimps of different sizes, sexes, origin and species a number of different measurements have been used in the past mainly for fisheries management or aquaculture purposes. These include carapace length (including and excluding rostrum), body length, total length, total weight, tail weight and meat weight. Length-weight of a species are always related to each other (Le Cren, 1951). Several factors like, maturity, feeding, parasites, pathogens etc. are known to influence length- length, length-weight and weight- weight relationships. An analysis of covariance combines the principle of ANOVA with the principle of regression. A chief advantage of this technique is that the independent variables can be of any data level. It is often used to adjust for initial differences between or among groups. In other words, one of its chief purposes is to eliminate systematic bias.

Morphological variations of southern white shrimp Penaeus schmitti (Burkenroad, 1936) (Crustacea: Dendrobranchiata: Penaeidae) in natural populations of Cuba and Brazil

The objective of this study was to identify morphological characteristics of different populations of Penaeus schmitti Burkenroad, 1936 to contribute to its biology and conservation. In order to compare geographically isolated populations, between 2014 and 2016, selected biological variables were analyzed in six populations dispersed along the Brazilian coast and one from the Cuban coast. Specimens with eight upper rostral teeth predominated. The ordination of shrimp measurements by non-metric multidimensional scaling showed the greatest dispersion on data from Cuba, Rio Grande do Norte, and Espirito Santo, which are also the localities that presented the highest coefficient of variation. On the other hand, the values corresponding to Sergipe, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, and Santa Catarina showed a greater similarity or clustering of the data of each location. Tail weight was estimated using length and depth of the sixth abdominal segment. The populations of Santa Catarina, Brazil (28°S), had the longest and heavier abdomens proportionally among all the compared populations, while the organisms of Manzanillo, Cuba (20°N), had proportionally shorter abdomens and the narrowest cephalothorax. The regression equation indicated a positive allometric growth for P. schmitti, and the largest total length reported for genus Penaeus in the natural environment corresponded to a P. schmitti specimen. This information could be useful in future taxonomic studies to correctly identify the species and its morphological variability. Color differences were also observed, with white ventral spots in the sternite XIV of some females from Brazilian populations, which was not previously reported in the literature. Extending these studies is recommended to contribute to the conservation and culture of P. schmitti.

Multivariate genomic prediction for commercial traits of economic importance in Banana shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis

Advantages of multi-trait machine and deep learning genomic prediction models for quantitative complex traits have not been documented or very limited in aquaculture species. Thus, the present study sought to understand effects of the multi-trait single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP), Bayesian (BayesCpi), random forest (RF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models on genomic prediction accuracies for traits of commercial importance in banana white shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis). Our analyses were conducted in a breeding shrimp population comprising 562 individuals (offspring of 48 parental pairs) genotyped for 9472 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the animals had full phenotype records for five important traits (i.e., body weight, abdominal width, tail weight, raw colour of live shrimp and resistance to hepatopancreatic parvovirus). In both univariate and multi-trait analyses, machine (RF) and deep learning (MLP) models outperformed ssGBLUP for all traits studied. However, they had similar predictive performance to BayesCpi. The benefits of the multivariate relative to univariate models were trait- and method-specific. Multi-trait BayesCpi increased the prediction accuracies for growth (weight and width), carcass (tail weight) and HPV resistance by 9.3 to 17.8%. However, the multi-trait random forest models improved the predictive power for only abdominal width (14.3%) and disease resistance to hepatopancreatic parvovirus (10.0%). When the multi-trait MLP was used, the improvements in the prediction accuracies were observed for abdominal width and raw colour (4.9 and 6.0%, respectively). There were almost no differences in the predictive power between univariate and multi-trait ssGBLUP. Among the multi-trait models used, BayesCpi outperformed other methods (ssGBLUP, RF and MLP). It is concluded that either BayesCpi or machine and deep learning-based multi-trait genomic prediction models should be employed in large-scale genetic enhancement programs for banana shrimp. These approaches show enormous potential to enhance genetic progress made in this population of banana shrimp and potentially for other aquaculture species.

The Effect of Fermented Rice Straw with Eco Enzyme on Percentage Non Carcas of Local Sheep

Most sheep are kept in the countryside as it is easy to maintain and have high economic value. This study aims to determine the effect of feeding fermented rice straw combine with odot grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv ) on the percentage of non-carcass of local sheep. Rice straw was fermented by eco enzyme. The research method used was a completely randomized design experiment (CRD) with five treatments and four replications while the treatments were given as P0 = 0% fermented rice straw, P1 = 25% fermented rice straw, P2 = 50% fermented rice straw, P3 = 75% fermented rice straw and P4= 100% fermented rice straw. Parameters observed were head weight percentage without skin, leg weight percentage without skin, skin weight percentage, tail weight percentage without skin, trachea and lungs weight percentage, liver weight percentage, heart weight percentage, blood weight percentage, intestine weight percentage, compound belly weight percentage. The results showed that the administration of 25% fermented rice straw combine with odot grass caused better non-carcass percentage, such as the percentage of skin, the percentage of the head without skin, the percentage of the leg without skin, the percentage of liver, the percentage of the heart, the percentage of the trachea and lungs, the percentage of the stomach compound and blood percentage. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the use of 25% fermented rice straw combine with odot grass on male local sheep give the best result on non-carcass and can be an alternative feed for sheep.

Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics And Cost of Gain of Awassi And Karadi Lambs Slaughtered at Different Weight

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of slaughter weights on growth performance, carcass characteristics and cost of gain of Awassi and Karadi ram lambs. Fifteen male lambs from either Karadi or Awassi were randomly blocked by live weight into three different slaughter weight groups (30, 40 and 50kg). Each lamb was kept in individual pen and offered an iso energetic and iso nitrogenous concentrate diet ad libitum. Lambs were slaughtered once they reached a target weight. Results reported the weight at slaughter increased for both breeds, there were significant reductions in average daily gain, bone percent, lean: fat ratio and increase in rib eye area, feed conversion ratio, fat tail weight and fat thickness. Moreover, Awassi lambs had a higher (p&lt;0.01) dressing percentage 1 (49.41±0.32vs.47.69±0.66%) and 2 (58.32±0.45 vs. 56.06±0.51%), fat thickness (3.10±0.24 vs. 2.46±0.15mm) and loin percentage (8.74±0.11 vs. 8.11±0.07%) than Karadi lambs. In contrast, Karadi lambs had a higher (p&lt;0.01) proportion of bone and lean: fat ratio and lower (p&lt;0.01) proportion of fat than Awassi lambs. There was no significant differences in daily weight gains, rib eye area, the empty body weight, fat tail weight and shrinkage percent between breeds. In conclusion, the optimal slaughter weight is 40kg for both Awassi and Karadi lambs and cost of gain of Awassi lambs was lower than Karadi lambs and from economic trends lambs slaughtered at 30kg had higher profit potential

On a Special Weighted Version of the Odd Weibull-Generated Class of Distributions

In recent advances in distribution theory, the Weibull distribution has often been used to generate new classes of univariate continuous distributions. They find many applications in important disciplines such as medicine, biology, engineering, economics, informatics, and finance; their usefulness is synonymous with success. In this study, a new Weibull-generated-type class is presented, called the weighted odd Weibull generated class. Its definition is based on a cumulative distribution function, which combines a specific weighted odd function with the cumulative distribution function of the Weibull distribution. This weighted function was chosen to make the new class a real alternative in the first-order stochastic sense to two of the most famous existing Weibull generated classes: the Weibull-G and Weibull-H classes. Its mathematical properties are provided, leading to the study of various probabilistic functions and measures of interest. In a consequent part of the study, the focus is on a special three-parameter survival distribution of the new class defined with the standard exponential distribution as a reference. The exploratory analysis reveals a high level of adaptability of the corresponding probability density and hazard rate functions; the curves of the probability density function can be decreasing, reversed N shaped, and unimodal with heterogeneous skewness and tail weight properties, and the curves of the hazard rate function demonstrate increasing, decreasing, almost constant, and bathtub shapes. These qualities are often required for diverse data fitting purposes. In light of the above, the corresponding data fitting methodology has been developed; we estimate the model parameters via the likelihood function maximization method, the efficiency of which is proven by a detailed simulation study. Then, the new model is applied to engineering and environmental data, surpassing several generalizations or extensions of the exponential model, including some derived from established Weibull-generated classes; the Weibull-G and Weibull-H classes are considered. Standard criteria give credit to the proposed model; for the considered data, it is considered the best.