Tactical Schemes Research Articles

Research on the Application of Apriori Algorithm in the Teaching of Ball Sports Techniques and Tactics

To address the problem that technical and tactical aspects of ball games have a large impact on match-winning, association rules are used to mine and analyse the data. Item constraint terms are added to the original Apriori algorithm to reduce the generation of redundant data, and the operational efficiency of the improved association rules is improved with the aid of the GSA-PSO algorithm to give full play to the fast convergence advantage of the hybrid algorithm. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in the study is more convergent than the Apriori algorithm, and the former has fewer iterations on average in the single-peaked function; the overall search accuracy is significantly improved. The algorithm is also less disturbed by the dataset than the Apriori algorithm, with an average running time of 19.23s, 21.54s and 25.61s for dataset sizes of 200, 500 and 1000 respectively. The deviation rate between the predicted and actual coaching strategies was less than 5% and the scoring tolerance rate was between 0.04 and 0.10. It indicates that the algorithm proposed in the study can improve the efficiency of data analysis, which is conducive to the development of a perfect ball sport technical and tactical scheme and promote the stability of ball sport technical and tactical development.

Tactical preparedness of future law enforcement officers to use measures of physical influence (force) in extreme conditions of service and combat activity

Summarizing the results of the analysis of the scientific methodical and reference literature, it is established, that the urgent issue of forming the tactical preparedness of representatives of the institutions of the security and defense sector of Ukraine (SDSU) to use the techniques of service-applied hand-to-hand combat in extreme conditions of service-combat activity (SCA) – an insufficient number of scientific works are devoted to it. This emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of scientific research.
 The main goal of the study is the construction and approval of a content-functional model of the formation of the readiness of future law enforcement officers to use tactical schemes of hand-to-hand combat with the enemy in simulated extreme SCA conditions.
 As a result of the empirical study, the members of the research group constructed and tested a content-functional model for the formation of the readiness of future law enforcement officers to use tactical schemes for conducting hand-to-hand combat with the enemy in simulated SDSU conditions. When comparing indicators before and after approbation of the above-mentioned content- functional model, it was established that the results obtained at the end of the pedagogical experiment in the studied groups Kg and Eg increased relative to the initial and intermediate indicators, and these differences are mostly reliable (Eg, Р≤0.05).
 Prospects for further research in the chosen field of scientific intelligence include the development of tactical schemes for hand-to-hand combat with the enemy in the aquatic environment.

Analysis of goal-scoring in an elite European women’s football teams

Football is one of the sports with more audience and women’s football has undergone a notable evolution at all levels. Scoring goals is the most relevant indicator of success in football. The aims of this study were to analyse, looking for patterns and/or differences in how gools are obtained through European elite women's teams. The goals were analysed through: way of obtaining the goal, type of finishing, type of assistance, time interval in which the goal was scored, assistance zone and finishing zone. A frequency analyses was performed through total number of actions of 174 goals from French and English teams in the respective national championships. The highest percentage of goals was obtained through offensive organization, also giving importance to the number of goals through tactical schemes (set balls). The zone where most goal submissions occur was in the penalty area, and the time interval of the games where the most goals were scored was defined between the 31 and 61 minutes. Differently from men’s, elite women’s football teams obtain the highest percentage of goals through the offensive organization, with a substantial number of goals also being scored through tactical schemes.

ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ ІДЕЇ В ПРАЦЯХ ПРОПАГАНДИСТІВ ОУН(Б) ПОВОЄННОГО ЧАСУ

The article examines the peculiarities of the work of the OUN(b) with youth in the post-war period. One of the elements of such work was the development of a holistic system of pedagogical views and ideas. The ideologues of the OUN(b) of the post-war period developed plans for working with young people, which were to be implemented in underground conditions. These plans included a theoretical and practical component. They had to correspond to the "Oleg" tactical scheme, which was developed by the leaders of the OUN in Ukraine in 1945-1946. This tactical scheme was aimed at educating and preparing youth cadres for the struggle as the main source of replenishment of the resistance movement's manpower. It envisaged the following main tasks: formation of a mechanism for the selection of youth personnel; education of youth in a nationalist and national-patriotic spirit; formation of multifaceted (organizational, conspiratorial, propaganda, intelligence- terrorist) fighting skills in legal and underground conditions, management of daily activities of youth organizations. The development of pedagogical ideas was also important. These ideas included various aspects, such as: philosophical and ideological foundations of the education of Ukrainians; the task of educating youth within the OUN; practical mechanisms for implementing these tasks, etc. The purpose of the article is to analyze the works of propagandists of the OUN(b) of the post-war period and to determine the main pedagogical ideas contained in them. The ideologues of the OUN developed a whole series of methods by which training and upbringing of future members of the Organization took place: an individual approach, a personal example of an educator, development of mental abilities, etc. In the spiritual sphere, it was supposed to cultivate those feelings that would be necessary for the insurgent struggle, namely: ardent love for Ukraine, as well as strong hatred for its enemies; the cult of heroes and the cult of revenge; belief that numerical advantage does not always win; organization, discipline and dedication to an idea.

Analytical review of the technical preparation of highly qualified athletes who specialize in Sambo wrestling, finalists of the 2022 World Championship

Based on the results of the monitoring of specialized Internet resources (analysis of scientific and methodological and reference literature), the members of the scientific research group determined that the urgent issue of conducting an analytical review of the technical and tactical preparedness of athletes who specialize in wrestling sports based on the results of their participation in competitions of the highest ranks - the insufficient amount of research is devoted, this in turn emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of scientific research.
 The main goal of the study is to conduct an analytical and statistical analysis of the technical readiness of highly qualified Sambo wrestlers, finalists of the 2022 World Championship (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan). Research methods: abstraction, measurement, expert evaluation, survey, comparison, observation.
 As a result of the theoretical research, the members of the research group conducted an analytical and statistical analysis of the technical readiness of highly qualified Sambo wrestlers, finalists of the 2022 World Championship (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan).
 We consider it expedient to take the results of the theoretical research into consideration by leading coaches who specialize in Sambo wrestling (sports section). Taking into account the above, it is advisable to focus the attention of coaches on increasing the indicators of activity and efficiency of competitive actions of Sambo wrestlers, namely on: 1) thorough study of the current Rules of Sambo wrestling; 2) development and improvement of technical and tactical preparation of fellow wrestlers; 3) expanding the arsenal of "crown technical actions" in the rack and parterre; 4) development of individual tactical schemes for conducting a competitive fight on the ground floor with the use of pain techniques on the arms and legs after holding the opponent; 5) improving indicators of the subsystem of biological control of highly qualified Sambo wrestlers.
 Prospects for further research in the chosen field of scientific research include an analytical and statistical analysis of the technical readiness of highly qualified (female) Sambo wrestlers, finalists of the 2022 World Championship (Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan).

МЕТОДИКА РОБОТИ КОМАНДИРА І ШТАБУ ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ЧАСТИНИ З ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ОБОРОННОГО БОЮ ВНОЧІ ПІД ЧАС ВИКОНАННЯ ЗАВДАНЬ ІЗ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The analysis of the experience of the use of units in repulsing the aggression of the russian federation, as well as the experience of combat operations during the operations of the joint forces (anti-terrorist operation), shows that the enemy widely uses offensive and assault actions at night to achieve suddenness, stealth and continuity of actions. Obviously, this requires the Defense Forces of Ukraine to achieve such a degree of readiness that allows them to perform defense and state security tasks as effectively as during the day. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to look for new, more appropriate ways of organizing and conducting defensive operations at night during performance of state security tasks. To date, the issues of the organization of light support for the battle, the content of the Plan for the light support of the defensive battle and measures to illuminate the area and blind the enemy have not been fully developed. The article presents the existing methods of work used by commanders and staffs of military units and units regarding the organization of defensive combat during performance of state security tasks, an analysis of existing methods was carried out, and an improved method of work of commanders and staffs of a military unit regarding the organization of light support and the development of a Light Support Plan as an appendix to the Battle Plan is proposed. With the developed concept of fighting at night, it is necessary to reflect how units (formed battalion tactical groups) will perform tasks within the scope of the command's intent. The initial data for working out the shown plan are the corresponding tactical schemes of calculations, which are formed in the form of tables and graphs.

Оптимизация режимов работы лесопожарной машины

The article considers specialized forest firefighting vehicles required to extinguish forest fires. An overview of modern domestic and foreign forest firefighting equipment and techniques for fighting forest fires is presented. Rapid heating of the cabin enclosure surfaces is a common weakness of the thermal shielding of a forest firefighting vehicle when extinguishing fires in extreme conditions. Therefore, the following issues remain relevant: problem of increasing the forest firefighting vehicle operation efficiency when extinguishing fires; issues of ensuring the operability and optimization of operation parameters and modes; development and creation of new fire protection materials; improving the cabin ergonomics and operator safety. The paper provides substantiation for optimizing the parameters and operation modes of a forest firefighting vehicle on the basis of the given tactical scheme of forest fire extinguishing. The objective function of the mathematical optimization problem is the production capacity, i.e. the area that can be extinguished by a forest fire vehicle. As control factors we consider following parameters of main and auxiliary equipment: capacity of pumps supplying water and foam/water mixtures; water tank capacity; estimated time of forest fire extinguishing and flame retardant properties of the forest firefighting vehicle structure elements, particularly spontaneous ignition temperature of cabin enclosure thermal insulation. The mathematical optimization problem is solved by the analytical method. Methods of computational mathematics and applied programming are used for numerical calculations and software implementation. The solution of the problem enables to calculate the production capacity of a forest firefighting vehicle, determine the required flame retardant properties of the cabin enclosure surfaces and propose new structural fire-resistant materials, recommend the main and auxiliary equipment. Improving the ergonomics of cabins during firefighting will improve the safety of the operator’s working conditions. The effective operation of a forest firefighting vehicle while firefighting reduces the damage to the environment and the losses caused by the destruction of millions hectares of forest. For citation: Pitukhin E.A., Rogozin S.S. Optimizing the Forest Firefighting Vehicle Operation Modes. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2022, no. 6, pp. 139–152. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2022-6-139-152

Results of research and experimental verification of the pedagogical conditions of forming the readiness of coaches specializing in Martial arts for the application of tactical schemes in professional activities

According to the results of the monitoring of specialized Internet resources, as well as the analysis of scientific-methodical and reference literature, the members of the research group established, that the issue of developing and approving pedagogical conditions for training the readiness of trainers who specialize in Olympic and non-Olympic types of Martial arts to the application of tactical schemes in the system of long-term training of athletes who specialize in Martial arts – an insufficient number of scientific and methodological works is devoted, which requires further scientific investigations and emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen research direction.
 The main goal of the study is the approbation of the pedagogical conditions for the formation of the readiness of Sambo wrestling and combat Sambo coaches to use tactical schemes in the system of long-term training of sportsmen and women who specialize in Martial arts. In the process of research and analytical work, the following methods were used: abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, modeling, mathematical and statistical (correlation analysis, factor analysis), etc.
 As a result of the empirical research, the members of the scientific research group developed and tested the pedagogical conditions for training the readiness of Sambo wrestling and combat Sambo coaches to use tactical schemes in the system of long-term training of sportsmen and women specializing in Martial arts. The obtained results indicate an increase in the individual tactical preparation of the trainers of the experimental group, which had a positive effect on the results of the performances of sportsmen and women who specialize in sambo wrestling (sports and combat divisions) at competitions of various ranks. The above emphasizes the high efficiency of the appropriate pedagogical conditions proposed by us.
 The results of the study are implemented in the system of self-education of trainers who specialize in Olympic and non- Olympic types of Martial arts. Separate results of empirical research are implemented in the system of training future coaches in Martial arts. Prospects for further research in the chosen field of scientific research include an analytical review of the technical and tactical preparedness of elite sambo wrestling athletes based on the results of the 2022 World Championship.

Features of the development of the reaction rate of football players of different age groups

In modern football, the trend of intensification of gaming activity is gaining momentum, not only the speed of execution of individual techniques is accelerating, tactical schemes and features of player placement are undergoing significant changes, which presuppose multiple implementation of attacking actions in game moments. The evolution of gaming activity has significantly increased the requirements for the qualification of gamers.Purpose – to develop a set of physical exercises aimed at developing the speed of motor reaction and analyze its effectiveness in football players of different age groups.Methods and organization The study was conducted in three stages: assessment of the speed abilities of athletes before the experiment, conducting experimental work with an experimental group, namely, the introduction of the author's training methodology and a control study of speed-strength abilities to assess the effectiveness of the program.

Criteria and levels of readiness of trainers who specialize in Martial Arts to build tactical schemes for conducting a competitive fight with an opponent

Taking into account the results of the analysis of scientific and methodological, special and reference literature, the members of the scientific research group established, that the issue of determining the criteria, indicators and levels of readiness of Martial Arts coaches (in the system of independent work) to build rational tactical schemes – devoted insufficient amount of scientific research, which requires the continuation of scientific research and emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of scientific research. The main goal of the scientific research is to determine the criteria, indicators and levels of readiness of coaches who specialize in Sambo wrestling to build tactical schemes for conducting a competitive fight with an opponent. The following methods were used during the research: abstraction, analysis, deduction, induction; modeling, comparison, synthesis, formalization. As a result of the theoretical research, the members of the research group determined: criteria (analytical and evaluative content, motivational), as well as their corresponding main indicators (self-development of Martial Arts coaches in the direction of building effective tactical schemes for conducting competitive matches with subordinate athletes at various stages of their long-term training with the use of modern pedagogical technologies; formed the ability to make reasonable and rational tactical decisions in various variable conditions of the competitive activity of subordinate athletes; formed theoretical knowledge in the organization of the educational and training process of athletes who specialize in Martial Arts using rational technical and tactical schemes for conducting educational and training (competitive) matches with opponents of different qualifications; the formation of a motive that arises from the need of an individual and ends with his motivation to complete mastery of theoretical knowledge and practical skills (skills) necessary to achieve the maximum-high performance of subordinate athletes who specialize in Martial Arts in competitive activities; motivation to rationally and effectively design (build) tactical schemes for conducting competitive matches with opponents of different sports qualifications by subordinate athletes, taking into account their potential capabilities in various conditions of competitive activity, etc.); levels (highest, high, sufficient and satisfactory); approaches (activity, complex, person-oriented, systemic, as well as structural) – formation of the readiness of trainers who specialize in Sambo wrestling (Olympic and non-Olympic types of Martial Arts, or sports wrestling) to the construction of tactical schemes for conducting duels with the opponent. Prospects for further research in the chosen direction of scientific research involve the development of pedagogical conditions for the formation of the readiness of coaches who specialize in Sambo wrestling to build tactical schemes for conducting duels with an opponent in the system of their independent work.

Methods of occupational therapy for trainers who specialize in Martial Arts after treatment of coronavirus disease

Considering the results of the analysis of scientific-methodical, special and reference literature, the members of the research group established, that the issue of introduction into the system of self-education of trainers specializing in wrestling and other martial arts modern methods of physical therapy, occupational therapy after treatment of coronavirus disease Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2, or 2019-nCoV) – insufficient number of scientific and methodical works is devoted. This requires further theoretical and empirical research and is an important area of scientific research.
 The main purpose of the study is to develop and test methods of occupational therapy for trainers, specializing in Sambo wrestling and combat Sambo after coronavirus disease treatment. In the process of research and analytical work, the following research methods were used: abstraction, analysis, deduction, induction, mathematical and statistical (correlation analysis, factor analysis), modeling, synthesis, etc.
 As a result of empirical research, members of the research group developed and tested the method of occupational therapy for trainers, specializing in Sambo wrestling and combat Sambo after coronavirus disease treatment. The introduction of the above experimental technique in the system of occupational therapy trainers of the experimental group provided an increase in their efficiency at the stage of recovery after treatment of coronavirus disease (considering various post Covid-19 symptoms). This helped to increase the competitive activity of subordinate athletes who specialize in sports and combat Sambo (according to the analysis of protocols of competitions of various ranks). It should be emphasized that the positive changes in the control group were not significant, but - natural, as the motor activity of the individual in the recovery phase after injuries and illnesses to some extent contributes to the restoration of his ability to work. In turn, this is not enough for effective professional activity, which is confirmed by real empirical research. Prospects for further research in the chosen direction of scientific intelligence include determining the nature and structure of the readiness of martial arts trainers to build rational tactical schemes.

Polymer Based Functional Materials: A New Generation Photo‐active Candidate for Electrochemical Application

AbstractThis article reviews the successive development of photo‐assisted electrochemical performances using functionalized polymer materials. The photoelectrochemical technologies have already been well‐established as a major tool for generating renewable energy harvesting solar power. In this regard, the research on the generation of new photoactive polymer supported units has drawn remarkable attention to improve the power conversion output and build up low‐cost advanced devices. So, starting from fundamental working principle, we have tried to overview comprehensively the key features of most of these studies, which involve the tactical schemes behind the appropriate selection of different substituents to functionalize the polymer skeleton to achieve an optimal bandgap, challenges faced specially in the index of performance in post synthetic phase, the possible routes to overcome the hurdle, so that it can harvest photons matched with the solar spectrum and of course their relevance in the broad range of application window. Apart from photovoltaic solar cell application, the idea has been logically extended to cover highly selective photoelectrochemical sensing devices,where we have disclosed briefly the role of polymers in designing innovative biosensors, the trend of development along with specific illustrative examples, and some of their successful utilization in real time assay. The overall description is entirely focused on how these strategies have emerged from the background concepts and finally shaped to a viable and significant outcome.

The historical example of economic effect resulted from complex interagency interaction in pre-emergency medical care for injured in traffic accident

The work emphasizes the urgency of this problem, the importance of timely and high-quality pre-hospital assistance to victims of road accidents. The purpose was to show the importance of complex, interagency interactions in helping victims on motorways. The existing different tactical schemes to assist victims at the pre-hospital stage were analyzed. The success of the European countries in reducing the level of road accidents has shown their negative consequences compared to the Ukrainian current indicators. Also, the historical example of the constitutional result from the introduction of several provisions and actions in 1985 and 1986 in the USSR to improve pre-emergency care for the injured on the highways. As a result of the introduction of the provisions, the savings from pre-hospital losses amounted to 96.85 % of the total loss of fatalities on motorways. These data show the need to improve the universal organizational scheme of assistance to victims at the pre-hospital stage in Ukraine, which requires significant attention from state structures of different levels.

The essence and structure of the readiness of trainers who specialize in martial arts to build rational tactical schemes

The essence and structure of the readiness of trainers who specialize in martial arts to build rational tactical schemes

Global Position Analysis during Official Elite Female Beach Volleyball Competition: A Pilot Study

The aim of this study was to quantify the physical demands of female beach volleyball competition with reference to player position, set, and match outcome. Twelve professional players were equipped with a 10 Hz GPS device (Minimax S4, Catapult Sports, Australia). Data collection occurred over 30 official matches, with a total of 50 sets. GPS output variables were related to position (e.g., Defenders and Blockers). Differences between players’ positions were found in Peak Player Load, the distance covered at different intensities, and acceleration and deceleration. Variations during the match were more pronounced for Defenders than for Blockers, with the former increasing the intensity of acceleration and deceleration, and decreasing the velocity of displacements and lower jumps. For Blockers, main variations occurred between the first and second set, with a reduction in velocity displacements and an increase in the intensity of jumps. Defender variables that contributed to victory were high deceleration, velocity, acceleration, and Peak Player Load. The characteristics of Blockers that contributed to victory were maximum velocity and high jumps. Female beach volleyball players seem to have different physiological requirements according to their position. The analysis of these variations throughout the game suggests that a specific player’s position output may be determined by proper and/or opponent tactical schemes.

ABOUT THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND TACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF A PERSON WHO DISAPPEARED FROM THE SCENE OF A ROAD ACCIDENT

The analysis of materials on crimes and offenses in the field of road accidents allows us to state that the number of cases of abandonment of the scene of a road accident or crime by its participants is steadily increasing, as evidenced by the data provided in the article. In this regard, their identification and search are urgent practical tasks that need to be addressed. However, the authors failed to find a targeted comprehensive forensic system of recommendations of the methodological and organizational-tactical plan for actions in situations of establishing the identity of a fugitive offender and his detention. Law enforcement practice in this area has accumulated some positive experience, and recently created technical tools and tactics open up opportunities for their effective use in the search, identification and detention of the offender. But all these aspects require systematization and generalization within the framework of a system of recommendations focused on practical activities. The formulation of such recommendations requires, first of all, the identification of criminally significant grounds for the typification or classification of situations that develop in the course of this activity, and the structuring of its stages. Then, logically, the organizational and tactical schemes and methodological recommendations typical for this type of law enforcement activity should follow. From this position, the authors made some suggestions for creating a system of such recommendations.

Mutual attacks of highly qualified saber players in the competitions of the fencing season 2018/2019

Sword fencing is a special sport in which swordsmen can inflict both injections and blows. We studied the indicators of mutual attacks of highly qualified male saber players at the competitions of the fencing season 2018/2019, the peculiarities of which were that this season followed the next changes in the rules of the competition and preceded the next Olympic Games. At the competitions of this period, the tactical schemes of conducting fights were tested, the sports struggle for the ratings of the International Fencing Federation (FIE) and obtaining licenses for the XXXII Olympiad was conducted. The video of individual matches of saber players, which took place at the stages of the World Cup (Algeria, Budapest, Warsaw), at the Grand Prix (Cairo, Moscow, Seoul) and at the 2019 World Cup (Budapest) was used in the work. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the indicators of mutual attacks of saber players in the playoff rounds and in the finals of competitions. It was established that the fights of highly qualified swordsmen were characterized by the average size of mutual attacks. However, as we approached the finals and intensified the tactical confrontation of rivals, the volume of mutual attacks increased. The final fights were characterized by a reduced volume of mutual attacks. Data on the correlation of the volume of mutual attacks with the ratings of fencers are given.

Discrediting Strategy as a Dominant of the Discursive Personality of an American Political Radio Commentator

Introduction. The paper reviews the specifics of the implementation of the discrediting strategy as the dominant of the discursive personality of an American political radio commentator. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the interest of modern linguistics in the description of generalized typical discursive personalities. The scientific novelty of the research is due to the fact that the discursive personality of the political radio commentator has not yet become the object of a special study. The study of a discursive personality is reduced to description of the types of communicative tonality to which a person resorts in the process of communication, as well as identification of the main communicative-pragmatic strategies used by them in order to achieve the goals of communication. The discursive personality of a political commentator-radio host is realized in the generated media texts, which are characterized by a specific communicative tonality due to a distant format and a technically mediated form of communication; social evaluation; ideological focus and polydiscourse.Methodology and sources. The study is drawn on the corpus compiled of scripts of 13 complete radio broadcasts of famous American political commentators (Glenn Beck, Michael Alan Weiner and Mark Levin) with a total volume of 115 792 words. The radio broadcasts were devoted to the election campaign (October – November 2016) and postelection polemics (January – March 2017). Based on the quantitative methods and contextual analysis, conclusions were made about the leading discrediting tactics of the genre under study and the main linguistic means of their actualization.Results and discussion. The strategy of discrediting is shown to be supported by a system of communicative tactics, the main of which are: the tactics of compromising the opponent, the tactics of verbal discrimination and the tactics of verbal insinuation. Each of the tactics, in turn, is implemented by a set of its typical communicative passages. Verbal insinuation and verbal discrimination in the studied genre have been established as the ways of linguistic implementation of such discrediting tactics of emotional impact. The role of evaluative vocabulary, slang, low colloquialisms, invectives, stylistic figurative means, occasionalisms and references to precedent phenomena as means of implementing discrediting tactics are considered. It has been proven that speech tactics of discrediting are never implemented in the studied type of discourse in their pure form since tactical schemes interact and overlap each other.Conclusion. The discrediting tactics in the genre under study are found to be a way of implementing speech aggression. Speech aggression as a feature of the discursive personality of an American political radio host is so affective and hostile that it can be argued that the ethics of speech behavior is not among the communicative values of this linguistic and cultural type. The rejection of ethical communication behavior is largely motivated by the need to participate in a tough competition in the context of the growing intensity of the information flow in modern media communication.

Assessment of the risk factors of glycemic variability in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

Objective: to assess the presence of glycemic variability in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM Type 2), as well as to identify the risk factors which affect the degree of expression of the variability indices. Material and methods. Glycemic variability indices were assessed in 92 patients with DM Type 2 receiving different hypoglycemic therapy regimens. Results . It has been found that glycemic variability in 78 % of the examined patients with DM Type 2 was expressed and depended on the regimen of hypoglycemic therapy. The use of insulin therapy in the treatment regimen in patients with DM Type 2 and a BMI of less than 28.6 kg/m2 is a risk factor that increases glycemic variability. Postprandial hyperglycemia (2 hours after breakfast) is caused by high variability regardless of the regimen of hypoglycemic therapy. SD variability indices and glycemic amplitude are the assessment criteria for the degree of glycemic variability in the postprandial period of time. Conclusion . Glycemic variability in patients with DM Type 2 is expressed and depends on the regimen of hypoglycemic therapy. Calculation of glycemic variability indices in glycemic self-control will improve individual target glycemia values and it will make it possible to correct the tactical scheme of hypoglycemic therapy on an outpatient basis.

Analysis Of Intense Actions Are Dependent Of Tactical Function In Soccer Players

PURPOSE: A determining factor during a soccer game is the intense action, which can be perceived by the number of sprints, accelerations, decelerations. One possible hypothesis is that there are differences between the tactical functions during the soccer match. Thus, this study examined the differences between the indicators of the intense actions by tactical functions. METHODS: Activities of 20 full official matches were collected and analyzed using GPS Polar Team Pro System. In thus study were used five positional roles in soccer players (side-backs, full-backs, defensive midfielders, offensive midfielders, attackers) within the tactical scheme 4-4-2. The indicators of the intense actions were number of sprints, % of intense actions (speed of 14 to 25.1 km.h-1), amount of accelerations and decelerations, maximum speed in addition to the total distance of displacements. A repeated measures analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis) was performed for distances covered at different intensities between positions. RESULTS: Significant differences were found for the full-backs with side-backs, defensive, midfielders, offensive midfielders, attackers (H=53.52; p<0.01), referring to total distance traveled during a game. It was shown that the indicators of the intense actions between the side-backs and full-backs with defensive and offensive midfielders, and attackers, was relative to the % intense actions (H=75.17; p<0.01), sprints (H=58.07; p<0.01), amount of decelerations (H=77.54; p<0.01) and accelerations (H=55.61; p<0.01). However, for the execution of the maximum speed were observed in side with full-backs and midfielders (p <0.01). Significant differences were found between intense actions between side-backs and full-backs with defensive and offensive midfielders and attackers, allowing to emphasize that the midfielders and attackers need to be more intense than side-backs and full-backs, mainly in the tactical scheme 4x4x2. The main finding was that offensive, defensive midfielders and attackers had higher activity at all intensities, including intense sprinting, high-intensity actions, and in accelerations and decelerations. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that intense actions are highly dependent on positional role and relative tactical organization in a soccer team.